for my lecture Drs.H.Ahdi Makmur,M.Ag,Ph.D

1.  Topic is something (s) or someone (s)
described,explained,narrated or discussed.
 Topic is not identical with the title
My english classroom
My clean english classroom
1. My english student
2. Mr.Yakin is student
3. My english teacher
4. My english classroom
5. English learning facilities
6. Best student in our english class

2.  Topic may relate to
social,politics,economy,culture,science and
technology. (berhubungan dengan banyak
hal)
example :
 my english classroom ( berhubungan
dengan education)
 The salaries and english teacher in indonesia
 Teaching english based on 2013 curriculum
 Learning tradition in english students our
class( the culture)
 Brainstorming is the best way to find the
topic easily

3.  Once you have decided on atopic for your
essay,asking yourself questions often helps to
plan the ideas and the structure of the essay
 WHO am I writing about ? ( a person group of people)
 WHAT ( an event,problem,belief,process)
 WHEN ( a contemporary person,event,situation,the past,the
future)
 WHY ( a person,place,event problem,belief)
 WHERE (people,took place,exist)
 HOW ( the person involved,the event or stuation begin,can it be
changed?)

4. Conditio
n
tools persons Part of
building
electroni
cs
color
Wind
clean
Chair
Table
Whiteboa
rd
Pen
Paper
Disk
Eraser
Bag
Cupboard
Book
Helmet
Glasses
carpet
Lecturer
student
Cieling
Door
Window
Floor
wall
Fan
Electricit
y
Handphon
e
Lamp
LCD
laptop
green

5.  Tulislah salah satu topic dan buatlah tabel

7. An outline is a method of organizing material
that shows the order of the topics in your
writing.It makes the writing easier to do
because it allows us to focus on one stage of
the essay at a time.The Outline allows us (
the writer/s) to see the relationships
between the ideas,to identify lesser /
subordinate items, to emphasize more
important information,and to visualize the
progression of ideas in allogical
manner.Usually an essay outline consists of
words and phrases,

8. Phrases :
I. Introduction (three srious problems in the
rural areas in Egypt)
II. Poverty as the overriding factor
III. Poorly educated people
IV. Unused medical care
V. Conclusion
Words
I. Problems
II. Poverty
III. Education
IV. Health
V. conclusion

9. I. Rural areas in Egypt have three serious
problems.
II. Poverty is the overriding actor in Egypt’s
rural areas.
III. The people in the rural areas are rarely
educated
IV. Medical care is unused although it is
avaiable
V. conclusion

10. I. Introduction (leading to the thesis Statement/TS) (.....Words)
II. Body paragraph: On this line a phrase or simple sentence
indicating the topic sentence(Topic Sentence) (....Words)
A.
B. Sporting details for TS
c.
1. Sporting details for C
2.
III. Body paragraph : phrase/SS indicating the topic sentence (.....words)
A.
1.
2.
B.
C.
1.
2.
IV. Conclusion : phrase indicating concluding ideas (....Words)

11. Topic : The difficulties in learning English
I. Learning english is difficult (TS (statement))
II. English is a foreign language
A. it is not our national language
B. It is not our mother tongue too
C. It is not used in our everyday life
1. At home most people speak their
native language
2. english is only used at special places and
time
III. English the structure is quite different with
Indonesian
A.

12. Topic sentence
details
Thesis
statement
TS (details)
TS ( Details)
bodies
Introduction
conclusion
TS
details
conclusion
paragr
aph

13. Topic
(pre writing)
Brainstorming
Listening
(words/phrases) topic outline
Outlinning
sentence

14. An essay consists of at leats three
components,those are,the introduction,the body and
the conclusion.
The introduction is the general statement(s)
witch you should make your audience interested in
your topic,and should lead logically to your thesis
statement.
The body is the paragraph(s) you have been
studying in the first section of the text that has the
overall structure of the body paragraphs of an essay.
The conclusion is the statement(s) which borrow
from everything that has gone before,summarizing
without repeating exactly,suggesting,or predicting.In
so doingit gives the essay its final shape,and gives
writers single last chance to show that their thesis
are valid.
The picture below shows us the relationship of
the components.

15. Interesting Places In My Town (title)
Banjarmasin in the capital of south
Kalimantan Province.As the capital,it has
many public facilities and some natural
potentialities.There are a lot of
schools,traditional markets,modem
malls,public and private banks,goverment
offices,worship places.Also,there are some
islands,rivers and bridges.however,some
places in this town are interesting to
visit.(Thesis Statement)

16. Since 1950s, media have grown fast in
the United States.TV started to replace
radio at their homes.They used this kind of
medium to get information,to have
education as well as to entertain for
themselves.Today writers and scientists
believe that TV would make or bring the
family closer together.(Thesis Statement)

17. The first place that is interested to visit
is floating market in Kuin river in the district
of Banjarmasin Utara ( Northen
Banjarmasin).It is really interesting because
people can spend on the canoe eating
traditional cakes and drinking tea or coffee
sold on another canoe.Also,they can see the
villagers selling and buying many kinds

18. Flower island also called by Monkey
island is the second interesting place in my
town.Here people can see a lot of monkeys
in black,grey and a little bit yellow colour.In
holiday,many people come to this
island.They are particularly the Chinese who
believe that the monkeys are the incarnation
of the deaths.

19. Introduction contains general statement(s)
with which the audience can be interested in
our topic.Logically the statement(s) leads to
our thesis

20. Introduction should :
1. Be opened with a general statement that
realtes to the thesis
2. Give the reader the basic factual
information needed to understand the
paragraphs that follow
3. Gradually narrows to the single point of
opinion or the thesis statement

21.  Thesis statement is generally

22.  Thesis statement shoul be
1. Strongest and clearest statement
2. No ambiguous terms
3. Not be a simple statement of fact so/no
possibilities for development.
4. Come at the end of the introduction paragraph
5. Must not be expressed a question
6. Contain of controlling ideas that will be used in
the topic sentences of the body paragraphs
7. May contain an opinion or a judgment that can
be explained

23.  Examples :
1. Many children swim on the river in South
Kalimantan.
 People like going on the river in South
Kalimantan
2. Students go to school by taxi in the morning.
 Students never go to school by taxi

24. Examples :
1. A good teacher has four qualities
2. The qur’an is the most important