Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen,

1. GENERAL VIEW OF ORGANICGENERAL VIEW OF ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY AND IUPACCHEMISTRY AND IUPAC
By Prof. Liwayway Memjie-Cruz

3.  the chemistry subdisciplinefor thescientific study of
structure, properties, and reactionsof organic
compoundsand organic materials(materialsthat
contain carbon atoms).
 study of structuredeterminestheir chemical
composition and formula.
 study of propertiesincludesphysical and chemical
properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to
understand their behavior.
 study of organic reactionswhich includesthechemical
synthesisof natural products, drugs, and polymers, and
study of individual organic moleculesin thelaboratory
and through theoretical study.

4. ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats

5. ORGANIC COMPOUNDSORGANIC COMPOUNDS

6.  havesomevery peculiar characteristicsand propertieswhen it
comesto thekind of chemical reactionsthey undergo.
 havevery wideapplicationsin thechemical and pharmaceutical
industries
 havetheability to go into reactionsand form other compounds
and mixtures.

8.  Carbon atomsform stable
covalent bondswith one
another.
 A carbon-carbon single
covalent bond hasenergy of
346 kJmol-1. which indicates
strong bond.
 stablebecauseof thestrong
carbon-carbon bonds.
 do not ionizein solution and are
non-conductorsof electricity.

9.  Carbon-hydrogen bondsare,
non-polar, likethecarbon-
carbon bondsbecauseof the
almost equal
electronegativitiesof thetwo
elements.
 they cannot form bondswith
water moleculesand are
insolublein water.
 held together only by weak
intermolecular forcessuch as
thevan der Waalsforces, and
so they can intermingleeasily.
 dissolveonly in non-polar
solventslikebenzeneor ether.

10.  generally havelower melting
and boiling pointsthan
inorganic compounds
becausethesecompounds
possessrelatively weak
intermolecular bondswhich
can beeasily broken by heat
energy.
 Many of them, thosewith
low relativemolecular
massestend to bevolatile
and boil at temperatures
below 300o
C.

11.  arethermally unstable,
decomposing into simpler
moleculeswhen heated to
temperaturesabove500oC.
however, thisproperty is
sometimesof commercial
importanceasin the
cracking of petroleum
which isvery useful in the
fractional distillation.

12.  areflammableand born
exothermically in a
plentiful supply of air to
yield carbon(IV) oxide
and water.
 most fuelssuch aswood,
coal, oil, petrol and
natural gasareorganic
and their combustion
providesour main source
of heat energy.

13.  Reactionstend to be
much slower than the
ionic reactions.
 Reactionsusually
requireheating,
thoroughly mixing
and catalyst to speed
up thereaction.

15. ORGANIC (with carbon)
 DNA
 tablesugar or
sucrose, C12H22O11
 benzene, C6H6
 methane, CH4
 ethanol or grain
alcohol, C2H6O
INORGANIC (w/o
carbon)
 tablesalt or sodium
chloride, NaCl
 carbon dioxide, CO2
 diamond (pure
carbon)
 silver
 sulfur

17.  saturated hydrocarbons meansfully filled and can also
bereferred to asalkanes.
 havethehighest number of hydrogen atoms, which a
moleculecan accommodate.
 bondsbetween carbon atomsand hydrogensaresingle
bonds. Becauseof that thebond rotation isallowed
between any atoms.
 simplest typeof hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons
havethegeneral formulaof CnH2n+ 2.
 astateof asolution whereno moresolutecan be
dissolved in it. In other words, maximum amount of
soluteisdissolved in thesolvent.

18.  namesof thestraight
chain saturated
hydrocarbonsfor up to
a10 carbon chain.
 Thenamesof the
substituentsisformed
by theremoval of one
hydrogen from theend
of thechain isobtained
by changing thesuffix
-aneto -yl.

19.  Theword “unsaturated” givesthemeaning of “not fully
filled.” So it hastheoppositemeaning of saturate.
 therearedoubleor triplebondsbetween thecarbon
atoms. Sincetherearemultiplebonds, theoptimal
number of hydrogen atomsisnot therein themolecule.
 Alkenesand alkynesareexamplesfor unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
 Non cyclic moleculeswith doublebondshavethe
general formulaof CnH2n., and alkyneshavethegeneral
formulaof CnH2n-2.

21.  theuniversally-recognized
authority on chemical
nomenclatureand
terminology and two
IUPAC bodiestakeleading
rolesin thisactivity:
Division VIII – Chemical Nomenclatureand StructureRepresentati
and the
Inter-divisional Committeeon Terminology, Nomenclature, and Sy
.

22.  asystematic method of naming organic chemical
compoundsasrecommended[
by the
International Union of PureandApplied Chemistry
(IUPAC).
 It ispublished in the
No menclature o f Organic Chemistry (informally
called theBlueBook).
 Ideally, every possibleorganic compound should
haveanamefrom which an unambiguous
structural formulacan becreated.

23. A rational nomenclaturesystem should do at least
two things:
1. it should indicatehow thecarbon atomsof a
given compound arebonded together in a
characteristic latticeof chainsand rings.
2. it should identify and locateany functional
groupspresent in thecompound. Sincehydrogen
issuch acommon component of organic
compounds, itsamount and locationscan be
assumed from thetetravalency of carbon, and
need not bespecified in most cases.

24.  aset of logical rulesdevised and used by
organic chemiststo circumvent problems
caused by arbitrary nomenclature. Knowing
theserulesand given astructural formula, one
should beableto writeauniquenamefor
every distinct compound. Likewise, given a
IUPAC name, oneshould beableto writea
structural formula.

25. 1. A root or baseindicating amajor chain or
ring of carbon atomsfound in themolecular
structure.
2. A suffix or other element(s) designating
functional groupsthat may bepresent in the
compound.
3. Namesof substituent groups, other than
hydrogen, that completethemolecular
structure.

26.  TheIUPAC Color Booksaretheworld’s
authoritativeresourcefor chemical
nomenclature, terminology, and symbols.
Terminology definitionspublished by IUPAC
aredrafted by international committeesof
expertsin theappropriatechemistry sub-
disciplines, and ratified by IUPAC’s
Interdivisional Committeeon Terminology,
Nomenclatureand Symbols(ICTNS).

27.  Chemical Terminology (Gold book)
 Quantities, Unitsand Symbolsin Physical Chemistry (Green
Book)
 Nomenclatureof Inorganic Chemistry (Red Book)
 Nomenclatureof Organic Chemistry (BlueBook)
 Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature
(Purplebook)
 Analytical Nomenclature(Orangebook)
 Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclatureof Properties
Clinical Laboratory Sciences(Silver book)
 Biochemical Nomenclature(WhiteBook)

28.  https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_G
 https://gulpmatrix.com/characteristics-organic-compounds/
 https://drawinglics.com/photos/2057691/what-is-an-organic-compound-
what-are-organic-compounds-edu-what-is-an-organic-compound.py
 https://www.dur.ac.uk/chemistry/outreach/dusting/students/synthesis/
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/4401322/
 https://iupac.org/what-we-do/nomenclature/
 http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/GenChemReferences/nomenclature_rules.htm
l
 https://drawinglics.com/s/iupac-naming.py
 https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/color-books/