2. Essential questions
What are the structures of blood?
What are the structures of the circulatory
system?
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circulatory system 2
3. Structures of the circulatory system
Blood
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
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circulatory system 3
4. Blood
Hematology
Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
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circulatory system 4
5. Blood
One single drop of blood contains:
5 million RBCs
250,000-500,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
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circulatory system 5
6. Structures of the blood
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
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circulatory system 6
7. Plasma
Plasma
Cellular
elements
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circulatory system 7
8. Plasma proteins
Plasma
Cellular
elements
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circulatory system 8
9. Erythrocytes
(erythro=red + cytes=cells)
Live 120 days
Biconcave disk
Hemoglobin
Transportation
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
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circulatory system 9
11. Leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
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circulatory system 11
12. Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
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circulatory system 12
13. Thrombocytes/Platelets
Smallest of solid
components of blood
Synthesized in red
marrow
Not cells, composed of
fragments of
megakaryocytes
Necessary for the
initiation of the blood
clotting process
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circulatory system 13
15. Blood types
A
B
AB
O
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circulatory system 15
16. In 1901, the Austrian
immunologist Karl
Landsteiner discovered
that blood may be
grouped into four main
types.
Based on the reaction
that resulted when blood
from different individuals
were mixed.
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circulatory system 16
17. Blood types
Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies
Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies
Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
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circulatory system 17
18. Rh factor
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an Although Rh factor doesn't
inherited trait that refers to a affect the patient’s health, it
specific protein found on the can affect pregnancy.
surface of red blood cells
(antigen).
Blood used in transfusions
must match donors for Rh
status as well as for ABO
blood type.
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circulatory system 18
19. Rh factor
In 1940, the Rh factor
was discovered as a
result of studying Rhesus
monkeys.
When blood from
monkeys was injected
into rabbits and guinea
pigs, it clotted.
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circulatory system 19
20. Rh factor
If the blood has the
protein, the patient is
Rh positive.
If the blood lacks the
protein, the patient is
Rh negative.
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circulatory system 20
21. Structures of the circulatory system
Heart
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circulatory system 21
22. Heart
The heart is a
double pump.
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circulatory system 22
23. Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein
Right atrium Left atrium
Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle Left ventricle
Septum Apex
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circulatory system 23
24. Layers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
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circulatory system 24
25. Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to
identify the structures of the
heart’s conduction system in
the correct sequence for the
heart to beat.
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circulatory system 25
26. Structures of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
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circulatory system 26
27. Vessels of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
Three tissue layers
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Transport blood AWAY from the heart under very
high pressure
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries
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circulatory system 27
28. Vessels of the
circulatory system
Arterial blood
Oxygen rich
Bright red, spurts
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circulatory system 28
29. Structures of the circulatory system
VEINS
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circulatory system 29
30. Vessels of the circulatory system
VEINS
Carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and
muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
Veins have one way valves that prevent the backflow of
blood
Veins > Venules > Capillaries
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circulatory system 30
31. Vessels of the
circulatory system
Venous blood
Oxygen poor
Dark crimson, oozes
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circulatory system 31
32. Flow of Blood
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries > Venules > Veins
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circulatory system 32
33. Vessels of the circulatory system
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circulatory system 33
34. Structures of the circulatory system
Capillaries
The smallest
blood vessels
Connect
arterioles to
venules
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circulatory system 34
35. Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood
through the body
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circulatory system 35
36. Flow of blood through the body
Right side Left Side
Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava Left atrium
Right atrium Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve Left ventricle
Right Ventricle Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve Aorta
Pulmonary artery Body
Lungs CO2 and O2
exchange
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circulatory system 36
37. Pulse sites
Alternating expansion and contraction of an
artery as blood flows through it.
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circulatory system 37
38. Common pulse sites
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circulatory system 38