2. The Peloponnesian War
431 BC
 Marked the beginning of education.
Socrates 470-399 BC
 Originated the Study of formal logic.
Aristotle
 Recognized the need for differences in
teaching the children

3. Erasmus 1490-1650
 Humans can be self determinate.
Martin Luther
 Education for all, and a large range of
subjects including art and music.
John Comenius
 Wrote the first parenting book,and designed
the first illustrated children’s text.

4. John Locke 1632-1704
 Natural Education- Thought as children
as an empty slate.
Old Deluder Satan Act 1647
 A religious in Massachusetts. Learning to
read kept children from evil.
Jean Rousseau 1762
 Wrote “Emile” about a child and taught apart from other
children. Thought of childhood as a unique experience.

5. Johann Pestalozzi 1746-
1827
 Must raise and teach children in a
naturalistic way.
Noah Webster 1783
 Standardized spelling for American English.
Fredrich Froebel 1782-1852
 The Father of Kindergarten.

6. Mother Goose Tales 1647
 Poems and stories created by Charles
Perot.
The New England Primer: late
1600’s
 A religious primer for teacher reading to
children.
Margarethe Schurz 1865
 Opened the first Kindergarten in
Watertown. With 6 children.

7. Elizabeth Peabody 1850
 Opened the first English speaking
Kindergarten in Boston with 30 children.
Harris and Blow 1873
 Opened the first public Kindergarten.
RuthBurrit 1876
 Taught the model Kindergarten.

8. G.Stanley 1920
 Recapitulation Theory. Children pass thought stages that the
whole human race passed through and in the same order.
Arnold Gessell 1925
 Children grow intrinsically in an automatic
unfolding. Formed a guidance Clinic at Yale.
Mary Reed 1927
 Suggested reading instruction be delayed.

9. Morphett and Washburne 1931
 Set age 6.5 as the optimal reading age
when students should begin instruction.
Jerome Bruner 1959
 Believed that any child could be taught
effectively at any stage of development.
Lev Vygotsky 1981
 Believes mental functions are aquired through
social relationships and that children learn by
internalizing the world around the,

10. Y. Goodman 1984
 Found that many young children already
knew certain things necessary for reading.