Cervical cancer is the malignancy that starts in the cervix. Cervical cancer instigate from the cells located on the surface of the cervix. Cervical cancer occurs in several forms. The most common is squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 85 to 90 percent of cervical cancers.

1. Cervical Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India
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Cervical Cancer Treatment
Cervical cancer is the malignancy that starts in the
cervix. Cervical cancer instigate from the cells located
on the surface of the cervix. Cervical cancer occurs in
several forms. The most common is squamous cell
carcinoma, which accounts for 85 to 90 percent of
cervical
cancers.
Other
forms
include
adenocarcinomas and combination cancers such as
adenosquamous carcinoma. Some strains of the
human papillomavirus (HPV), a virus transmitted
during sex, play a role in causing most cases of cervical
cancer. The type of cervical cancer is determined by
the type of cell where the early genetic mutation
occurred.
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What causes cervical cancer?
Most cervical cancer is caused by a virus called human
papillomavirus, or HPV. You can get HPV by
having sexual contact with someone who has it. There
are many types of the HPV virus. Not all types of
HPV cause cervical cancer. Some of them cause genital
warts, but other types may not cause any symptoms.
You can have HPV for years and not know it. It stays in
your body and can lead to cervical cancer years after you
were infected. This is why it is important for you to have
regular Pap tests. A Pap test can find changes in cervical
cells before they turn into cancer. If you treat these cell
changes, you may prevent cervical cancer.
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How is cervical cancer diagnosed?
As part of your regular pelvic exam, you should have a Pap test. During a Pap
test, the doctor scrapes a small sample of cells from the surface of the cervix to
look for cell changes. If a Pap test shows abnormal cell changes, your doctor
may do other tests to look for precancerous or cancer cells on your cervix.
Your doctor may also do a Pap test and take a sample of tissue (biopsy) if you
have symptoms of cervical cancer, such as bleeding after sex.
How is it treated?
The treatment for most stages of cervical cancer includes:
Surgery, such as a hysterectomy and removal of pelvic lymph nodes with or
without removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes.
Chemotherapy.
Radiation therapy.
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Cervical Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India
Surgery :Removal or destruction of cancerous cells is
done through surgery. Different types of surgeries done
for early cervical cancer are:
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
(LEEP): In this electricity is used to eliminate
abnormal tissues.
Cryotherapy: The abnormal cells are made to
freeze in this therapy
Laser therapy: Malignant cells are burnt with the
help of light.
Radical hysterectomy: It includes removal of
the uterus and other surrounding tissues including
lymph nodes and upper part of the vagina.
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Cervical Cancer Treatment and Surgery in India
Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs given intravenously or by mouth to
destroy cancerous cells. Doctors prescribe higher doses of chemotherapy when the cancer
has spread beyond the tumor or if the cancer returns after initial treatment. Studies show
that low-dose chemotherapy, when combined with radiation therapy, improves survival
rates in women who have advanced cervical cancer.
Radiation therapy : High-powered energy is used in this therapy for destroying cancer cells.
Radiation therapy when given internally is performed by placing devices filled with
radioactive material around the cervix. External beam radiation is given when radiation
therapy is performed externally. These methods can also be combined together.
Chemotherapy is also sometimes combined with radiation therapy for destroying or
shrinking a tumor that is still remaining after surgery. Menstruating may stop in
premenopausal women due to radiation therapy and may start menopause.
Reconstructive surgery :Gyneconcologist and a plastic surgeon work together to restore as
much anatomy and function as possible through reconstructive surgery. This teamwork is
especially important in radical cancer surgery that includes surgical reconstruction as part
of the treatment plan.
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