46. • This lysozyme protein
molecule is found in tears and
protects the eye from
bacterial infections. Which of
the following best describes
the outside of the molecule?
a) Mostly hydrophobic R-groups
are on the surface of the
molecule.
b) Mostly hydrophilic R-groups are
on the surface of the molecule.
c) The R-groups on exterior of the
molecule are mostly non-polar.
d) The R-groups on the exterior
are constantly changing
between non-polar and polar as
the protein chain bends and
folds.
47. •This lysozyme protein molecule
is found in tears and protects the
eye from bacterial infections.
Which of the following best
describes the outside of the
molecule?
b) Mostly hydrophilic R-groups are
on the surface of the molecule.
72. HFCS and enzymes
• Cornstarch is treated with alpha-amylase to
produce shorter chains of sugars
called oligosaccharides.
• Glucoamylase - which is produced
by Aspergillus, a fungus, in a fermentation
vat — breaks the sugar chains down even
further to yield the simple sugar glucose.
• Xylose isomerase (aka glucose isomerase)
converts glucose to a mixture of about 42%
fructose and 50–52% glucose with some other
sugars mixed in.
95. •When proteins are heated, they
usually denature. If moderate
heat was applied to this molecule
of DNA what part of the molecule
would break down or break apart
first? (Use your knowledge of
chemical bonds.)
A The nucleotides along each
side would break apart.
B The sugar-phosphate
backbone would separate from
the nitrogen bases.
C The nitrogen base pairs would
separate in the interior of the
molecule.
96. •When proteins are heated, they
usually denature. If moderate
heat was applied to this molecule
of DNA what part of the molecule
would break down or break apart
first? (Use your knowledge of
chemical bonds.)
C The nitrogen base pairs would
separate in the interior of the
molecule.
121. Concept Check
• Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of the
enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
Describe how malonate would prevent the
enzyme form acting on its normal
substrate succinate?
