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STEP	
  ONE:	
  SELECT	
  THE	
  OVERARCHING	
  METHOD	
  
                GUIDING	
  YOUR	
  ANALYSIS	
  




                           Photo	
  Credit:	
  youngcreature	
  (http://instagr.am/p/HAijSORS_X/)	
  
• 	
  signifier:	
  the	
  form	
  which	
  
           Sign	
                the	
  sign	
  takes	
  
                                 • 	
  signified:	
  the	
  concept	
  it	
  
                                 represents	
  
                                 • 	
  signs:	
  arbitrary	
  (have	
  no	
  
Signified	
        Signifier	
     intrinsic	
  meaning)	
  and	
  only	
  
                                 become	
  signs	
  when	
  users	
  
                                 invest	
  them	
  with	
  meaning	
  
QUESTIONS	
  TO	
  ASK	
  YOURSELF	
  
• What	
  is	
  literally	
  pictured?	
  
                                                                                                  Sign	
  
• What	
  is	
  the	
  focus?	
  
• What	
  are	
  the	
  cultural	
  associations	
  of	
  specific	
  details?	
  
• Cultural	
  codes	
  found	
  in	
  human	
  figures:	
  
       • Body	
  size,	
  weight	
                                                     Signified	
            Signifier	
  
       • Body	
  position	
  
       • Expression	
  
       • Eye	
  contact	
  
       • Age,	
  race,	
  gender	
  
• What	
  is	
  the	
  rhetoric	
  (logic	
  or	
  argument)	
  of	
  the	
  ad?	
  
• What	
  is	
  relationship	
  of	
  image	
  to	
  product?	
  
• What	
  (besides	
  the	
  product)	
  is	
  being	
  “sold?”	
  (ideology,	
  value,	
  stereotype)	
  
Photo	
  Credit:	
  bryanteslava	
  (http://instagr.am/p/G4VOq9mKn0/)	
  
• 	
  According	
  to	
  Kellner,	
  oppositional	
  
readings:	
  "celebrate	
  the	
  resistance	
  to	
  
[dominant	
  readings]"	
  (Kellner	
  17)	
  
• 	
  Think	
  about	
  the	
  counterhegemonic	
  
practice	
  related	
  to	
  oppositional/queer	
  
readings	
  
• 	
  How	
  does	
  a	
  queer	
  reading	
  challenge	
  
the	
  heteronormativity	
  of	
  a	
  cultural	
  text?	
  
• 	
  These	
  ways	
  of	
  seeing	
  challenge	
  the	
  
norms	
  of	
  interpretation,	
  either	
  through	
  
critique,	
  or	
  whimsical,	
  non-­‐mainstream	
  
readings.	
  
                                                               Photo	
  Credit:	
  throwingmarbles	
  (http://instagr.am/p/
                                                               GwIcHDAZNY/)	
  
STEP	
  TWO:	
  SELECT	
  THE	
  CULTURAL	
  TEXT	
  




SUGGESTION:	
  Include	
  a	
  link	
  or	
  photograph	
  of	
  the	
  cultural	
  text	
  you	
  are	
  analyzing.	
  	
  
This	
  will	
  help	
  support	
  your	
  analysis	
  as	
  you	
  could	
  directly	
  point	
  to	
  the	
  object.	
  
STEP	
  THREE:	
  ANALYSIS	
  
Photo	
  Credit:	
  http://distilleryimage0.s3.amazonaws.com/
f6693c663f1c11e1a87612313804ec91_7.jpg	
  

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Methods of analysis

  • 1.
  • 2. STEP  ONE:  SELECT  THE  OVERARCHING  METHOD   GUIDING  YOUR  ANALYSIS   Photo  Credit:  youngcreature  (http://instagr.am/p/HAijSORS_X/)  
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. •   signifier:  the  form  which   Sign   the  sign  takes   •   signified:  the  concept  it   represents   •   signs:  arbitrary  (have  no   Signified   Signifier   intrinsic  meaning)  and  only   become  signs  when  users   invest  them  with  meaning  
  • 6. QUESTIONS  TO  ASK  YOURSELF   • What  is  literally  pictured?   Sign   • What  is  the  focus?   • What  are  the  cultural  associations  of  specific  details?   • Cultural  codes  found  in  human  figures:   • Body  size,  weight   Signified   Signifier   • Body  position   • Expression   • Eye  contact   • Age,  race,  gender   • What  is  the  rhetoric  (logic  or  argument)  of  the  ad?   • What  is  relationship  of  image  to  product?   • What  (besides  the  product)  is  being  “sold?”  (ideology,  value,  stereotype)  
  • 7. Photo  Credit:  bryanteslava  (http://instagr.am/p/G4VOq9mKn0/)  
  • 8. •   According  to  Kellner,  oppositional   readings:  "celebrate  the  resistance  to   [dominant  readings]"  (Kellner  17)   •   Think  about  the  counterhegemonic   practice  related  to  oppositional/queer   readings   •   How  does  a  queer  reading  challenge   the  heteronormativity  of  a  cultural  text?   •   These  ways  of  seeing  challenge  the   norms  of  interpretation,  either  through   critique,  or  whimsical,  non-­‐mainstream   readings.   Photo  Credit:  throwingmarbles  (http://instagr.am/p/ GwIcHDAZNY/)  
  • 9. STEP  TWO:  SELECT  THE  CULTURAL  TEXT   SUGGESTION:  Include  a  link  or  photograph  of  the  cultural  text  you  are  analyzing.     This  will  help  support  your  analysis  as  you  could  directly  point  to  the  object.