ICT NOTES

1. Lecture 3: Internet and E-mail
Assistant Lecturer:
Tony Chaula MSc.
Faculty of Science and Education (FASE)
Science Block, Second Floor, Office No. 11
UNIVERSITY OF IRINGA
ICT 001: Information Technology

2. Internet and E-mail
Introduction
• The evolution of The Internet has literally changed the
course of history.
• The ease and speed with which information can be
shared globally.
• It is a concept that even 30 years ago seemed
farfetched. example video chat

3. Internet and E-mail
Introduction
• In this digital age, more and more of what we do is
somehow related to the internet.
• Want to apply for a job? You probably need to use the
internet.
• Want to view your bank statement? You probably
need to use the internet.
• Want to watch a movie, play a game, or listen to
music? You probably need to use the internet.

4. Internet and E-mail
Introduction
• The internet is a massive “network of networks”
• A networking infrastructure.
• It connects millions of computers together globally.
• The computer you are sitting at (as long as it’s
connected to the internet) can communicate with the
computer across the street, down the block, or even
around the world so long as the computer on the
other end is connected to the internet as well

5. Internet and E-mail
What is the Internet?
The internet is the largest computer network in the world,
connecting millions of computers.
Note:
A network is a group of two or more computer systems linked
together.
• The internet is a vast, ever changing medium.
• In the early days, most people just used the internet to
search for information.

6. Internet and E-mail
What is the Internet?
• Today's internet is a constantly evolving tool.
• Contains an amazing variety of information, but also
provides new ways of accessing, interacting and connecting
with people and content.
• As a result, new terms are constantly appearing as new
technologies are introduced

7. Internet and E-mail
Servers and Clients
• A server is a computer that "serves" many different computers in
a Network
• It runs a specialized software and
stores a lot of information.
For example, web pages are stored
on servers.

8. Internet and E-mail
• When you access a web page, your computer is acting as a
client.
• A client runs familiar software such as web browsers or
email software, and it communicates with the server to get
the information it requires.
• In order for your browser to display a web page, it requests
the data from the server where the page is stored.
• The server processes the request, then sends the data to
your browser, where it is displayed.

9. Internet and E-mail
Servers and Clients
• In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, each computer acts as
• both a server and a client. Examples of P2P software include
Skype or zoom.
• The Internet connects different services by using
client-server model.

10. Internet and E-mail
What is the internet used for?
The internet is used for a lot of different things, People use the internet
to:-
• Apply for jobs
• Play games
• Do research
• Watch movies
• Listen to music
• Go to school
• Stay in contact with friends, family and co-workers
• Run a small business
• Buy or sell products
• Search directions (Google Maps)

11. Internet and E-mail
The World Wide Web (WWW)
• When most people think of the Internet, the first thing they
think about is the World Wide Web. Nowadays, the terms
"internet" and "World Wide Web" are often used
interchangeably—but they're actually not the same thing.
• The internet and the web are two separate but related
things.
• The internet is the physical network of computers all over
the world.

12. Internet and E-mail
The World Wide Web (WWW)
• The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites
connected by hyperlinks (or "links").
• A website is a collection of webpages/webfiles that contain
various information.
• Web sites are stored on servers on the internet, so the
World Wide Web is a part of the internet.
• The World Wide Web is a way of accessing information over
the medium of the internet.

13. Internet and E-mail
HTML
• The backbone of the World Wide Web is made of HTML files, which
are specially-formatted documents that can contain links, as well as
images and other media.
• All web browsers can read HTML files.
• To View the HTML file of a webpage, Right click on an empty space
On the browser and select “View page source”

14. Internet and E-mail

15. Internet and E-mail

16. Internet and E-mail
HTML
• What is HTML?
• HTML stands for HyperText Mark-up Language
• It is the code that is used to structure a web page and all its contents.
• It is used to display web content.
• It is not a programming language.

17. Internet and E-mail
Structure of HTML Code.
It is a collection of tags that contain content between them
Structure of HTML tag
<opening tag> Affected Content </closing tag>

18. Internet and E-mail
Example of HTML code

19. Internet and E-mail
HTTP
• Stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol
• Which is only one of many languages used on the internet to
transmit data, Email, instant messaging, uploading and downloading
files.
• The web uses special software called browsers to access web
documents (more commonly known as webpages)
• Web pages are linked to each other via hyperlinks.
• Web pages contain some or all of the following: text, images, audio,
and video.

20. Internet and E-mail
URL
• To get to a web page, you can type the URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
in a browser.
• The URL, also known as the web address, tells the browser exactly
where to find the page.
• However, most of the time, people get to a web page by following a link
from a different page or by searching for the page with a search engine.
• An example of search engines are google, Bing, Yahoo, Baidu

21. Internet and E-mail
How do you connect to the internet?
There are many different ways to connect to the internet from your
personal computer. The most popular ways are listed below.
1. Dial-up
2. Broadband
3. Wi-Fi
4. Mobile

22. Internet and E-mail
How do you connect to the internet?
Dial-up:
• With a dial-up connection you can connect to the Internet via a
telephone line and an internet service provider (ISP).
• Compared to other connection it offers the slowest overall connection
speeds.
• Broadband:
• Cable, DSL, and fiber optics are in this category.
• Cable connection - the user must subscribe to a cable
television/internet service. Speeds up to 70 times faster than dial-up.

23. Internet and E-mail
How do you connect to the internet?
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Uses 2-wire copper telephone line connected to one's home so service
is delivered at the same time as landline telephone service. Customers
can still place calls while surfing the Internet.
Fiber optic
connections are more expensive than DSL and Broadband, and are not
available in all areas (yet).
Transfer data by using light waves.
Provide the fastest speed of data transfer.

24. Internet and E-mail
How do you connect to the internet?
Wi-Fi
• Wireless technology allows users to have mobile connections,
accessing the web where and when they need to.
• Wi-Fi networks can be found at many businesses, restaurants,
and other public areas (parks, schools, libraries)
• Home connection can be set up through your ISP.

25. Internet and E-mail
How do you connect to the internet?
Mobile
• Many cell phone and smartphone providers offer voice plans
with Internet access.
• Mobile Internet connections provide good speeds and allow
you to access the internet.

26. Internet and E-mail
Getting Online
There are two most common ways of accessing the internet
• Using a web browser
• Using Web Applications (Apps)
Using a web browser
It is the most common way of accessing the internet
A web browser is a special computer software/program use to search,
retrieve and view webpages.

27. Internet and E-mail
Web browser
There are dozens of web browsers. The most popular web browsers are
• Internet Explorer (IE)
• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome
• Safari
• Opera

28. Internet and E-mail
Web browser
• They may look different, but they all have the same basic elements.
• They all work the same and will take you to the same place.
Opening up the browser
• Once you become more comfortable with using a computer you will
notice one thing …
• That is, “there are usually at least 3 different ways to anything”

29. Internet and E-mail
Opening up the browser
The Three ways to open up a browser are
• By double clicking an icon on the desktop or right click on the
icon and select open from the dropdown menu
• By clicking the start button and searching your browser, a
single click on a browser icon on the start menu opens up
your browser
• By a single click on a small icon on your desktop taskbar

30. Internet and E-mail
Basic parts of the browser
• When you open any browser window you will usually see several
main parts.
The Address Bar
• It’s where the web address of the page you are currently on is
displayed
• It’s the white bar at the very top of your page.
• If you want to go to a new website, click in the address bar and type
in the address of the website known as a Uniform Resource Locator
(URL)

31. Internet and E-mail
The Address Bar
• One cool feature about the address bar is that when typing the
address a drop down list of websites appears.
• This feature is called auto-suggest or auto-complete

32. Internet and E-mail
The Address Bar
• Next to the address bar on the left, you'll see the Back and
Forward buttons/arrows.
• Once you leave the first webpage you are on, the back
button (the arrow pointing to the left) will become active.
• Clicking on it will take you back— one page at a time along
your path since opening up your web browser.

33. Internet and E-mail
The Toolbar
• The toolbar is located on the top of the screen and contains all of the
various tools you might need while using the browser.
• In most browsers the toolbar is located on the upper right side of the
page.

34. Internet and E-mail
Most common button on the toolbar
• Home - will take you back to your home page. You can set it
to any page you want.
• Favorites - The star button is for adding sites for to your
favorites list, making it easier to find them in the future.
• Tools - (the button that looks like a gear) is the place to go
for many different options, including printing, zooming in on
a page, and adjusting your browser options. In most
browsers now it appears as three dots arranged vertically.

35. Internet and E-mail

36. Internet and E-mail
Parts of a Web Address
There are typically four main parts of a web address.

37. Internet and E-mail
Parts of a Web Address
• http://
• Stands for hypertext transfer protocol.
• Helps your web browser locate the webpage or website, and to
display it for you to see.
• Most browsers will automatically add this prefix, no need to type.
www.
stands for World Wide Web
Means the page you are looking for is somewhere in the world wide
web
For most websites its not necessary to type the www. part

38. Internet and E-mail
Parts of a Web Address
“Cincinnatilibrary”
• Is the unique name of the webpage or the website (a.k.a the “host”)
• Separated from other parts of the address by dots on both sides.
.org
• Is the top level domain name.
• Tells you where the webpage is registered, and often tells you what
kind of website it is.
• .com usually means that you're looking at a commercial site) .edu
(sites for educational institutions) .org (sites belonging to
organizations) .gov (sites sponsored by local, state, or federal
governments).

39. Internet and E-mail
• It is important to have the exact website name to find exactly what
you are looking for.
Eg. www.youtube.com, www.facebook.com,
• web page vs. a web site.
• A web page typically refers to a single page on the web – for example
www.cincinnatilibrary.org/programs/
While
• a web site refers to the entire domain www.cincinnatilibrary.org

40. Internet and E-mail
Using Search Engines
A search engine is a tool for searching for information on the
internet.
• if you know the kind of information you are looking for but
are uncertain of the exact address to go to with your
browser.
• Most search engines use a simple keyword search, which
means you don't have to type in your whole question, just
the most important words.
• The most popular search engines are Google
(www.google.com), Yahoo (www.yahoo.com), and Bing
(www.bing.com),

41. Internet and E-mail
Using Search Engines
A search engine is a tool for searching for information on the
internet.
• if you know the kind of information you are looking for but are
uncertain of the exact address to go to with your browser.
• Most search engines use a simple keyword search, which means
you don't have to type in your whole question, just the most
important words. They work basically the same way.
• The most popular search engines are Google (www.google.com),
Yahoo (www.yahoo.com), and Bing (www.bing.com),

42. Internet and E-mail
Google it!
• Most popular search engine.
• Just a simple search box
• Google will begin to autosuggest words or phrases which it thinks
you might be searching for
• The suggestions become more specific the more letters you type.

43. Internet and E-mail
Deciphering your search results
• Once you a search, you will be taken to a new page with
results for your search keyword(s).
• The title for each result will be a link to a page
• There will also be a brief description of the site underneath
the link.
• Clicking on the link will take you to the described website
• After looking at the site, you can go back to the list of results
by clicking the back arrow (button)

44. Internet and E-mail
Deciphering your search results
• The more information you provide on your keywords the
more precise your results will be.
• On top of the page you will notice it “Results 1-10 out of
about…”
• Sometimes the browser tells it took .10 seconds to find the
info
• On the bottom of the page it will show a list of related links
• Also there will be a series of numbers to pages with results
• Spelling impaired people (Google suggest proper spelling)

45. Internet and E-mail
Deciphering your search results

46. E-mail
Email (electronic mail)
• It is a way to send and receive messages across the Internet.
• It's similar to traditional mail, but it also has some key differences.
Email advantages
• Productivity tools: has a calendar, address book, instant messaging etc..
for convenience and productivity.
• Access to web services: sign up for an account like Facebook or order
products from services like Amazon, you will need an email address so
you can be safely identified and contacted.
• Easy mail management: Email service providers have tools that allow
you to file, label, prioritize, find, group, and filter your emails for easy
management

47. E-mail
Email advantages (Continued …)
• Privacy: Your email is delivered to your own personal and
private account with a password required to access and view
emails.
• Communication with multiple people: You can send an
email to multiple people at once.
• Accessible anywhere at any time: You can access it from any
computer or mobile device that has an Internet connection.

48. E-mail
Understanding email addresses
• To receive emails, you will need an email account and an
email address.
• Also, if you want to send emails to other people, you will
need to obtain their email addresses
• It's important to write email addresses correctly
• If the address is not exactly right, your emails will not be
delivered or might be delivered to the wrong person.

49. E-mail
Email Address
• Email addresses are always written using a standard format
• An Email address includes
1. User name
2. The @ symbol
3. The Email provider’s domain

50. E-mail
Email Address
User name is the name you choose to identify yourself
Example: marcedflores73@gmail.com

51. E-mail
Email Address
Email provider’s domain is the name of the website or
company that hosts your email account.

52. E-mail
Email Address
Some businesses and organizations use email addresses with
their own website domain.

53. E-mail
About email providers
• In the past, people usually received an email account from
the same companies that provided their Internet access.
• Today it's increasingly common to use a free web-based
email service, also known as webmail.
• Anyone can use these services, no matter who provides their
Internet access.

54. E-mail
Web mail providers
• The top three webmail providers are
1. Yahoo!,
2. Microsoft's Outlook.com (previously Hotmail)
3. Google's Gmail.
• They allow you to access your email account from anywhere
with an Internet connection.
• You can also access webmail on your mobile device.

55. E-mail
Web mail providers
• The top three webmail
providers

56. E-mail
Other email providers
• Many people also have an email address hosted by their
company, school, or organization.
• These email addresses are usually for professional purposes.
• Example. UoI staff may have emails hosted hosted with the
university domain.
alanmpagaze@uoi.ac.tz

57. E-mail
Other email providers
• Many hosted web domains end with a suffix other than .com
• Depending on the organization, your provider's domain
might end with a suffix like .gov (for government websites),
.edu (for schools), .mil (for military branches), or .org (for
nonprofit organizations).

58. E-mail
Getting started with email
Setting up your own email account
• If you want to sign up for your own email account
• Choose from one of the three major webmail providers.
Practice using an email program
• For the purpose of learning, visit Gmail.

59. E-mail
Getting started with email
We are going to learn how to :-
• Sign up for an email account
• Navigate and get to know the email interface
• Compose, manage, and respond to email
• Set up email on a mobile device

60. E-mail
Common Email Features
•To use email services you must learn how to
interact with an email interface.
•Including the inbox, the Message pane, and the
Compose pane.
•Depending on the email provider, the interfaces
may look and feel different, but they all function
in essentially the same way.

61. E-mail
Understanding the email interface
• The following are different email interfaces from Gmail.
• Review the images below to become familiar with various
email interfaces.
• These examples will only provide a general overview.
• You can visit our Gmail tutorial to learn how to use an email
application in detail.

62. E-mail
Understanding the email interface
Inbox
• The inbox is where you'll view and manage emails you
receive.
• Emails are listed with the name of the sender, the subject of
the message, and the date received

63. E-mail

64. E-mail

65. E-mail
Understanding the email interface
Message pane
• When you select an email in the inbox, it will open in the Message
pane.
• From here, you can read the message and choose how to respond
with a variety of commands.

66. E-mail
Understanding the email interface
Compose pane
• Use The Compose or New button from your inbox to open
the Compose pane to create your own email message.
• From here, you'll need to enter the recipient's email address
and a subject.
• You'll also have the option to upload files (photos,
documents, etc.) as attachments and add formatting to the
message.

67. E-mail
Understanding the email interface

68. E-mail

69. E-mail
Contacts
In addition to email services, most webmail providers offer a
address book
• This feature makes it easy to stay organized and access your
important information from anywhere.

70. E-mail
Understanding the email interface
• Adding contacts
• It's easy to add people to your contacts list.
• When you create a new contact, you should (at the very
least) enter a first and last name, as well as an email
address.
• However, you can also enter other information, like a phone
number, home address, and more.
• In most email accounts, the name and email of anyone you
correspond with will be added to your contacts list
automatically

71. E-mail

72. E-mail
Selecting Contact
• Once you've added people to your contacts list, you'll never
have to worry about remembering an email address.
• Whenever you create a new email, you can select the To or
Add Recipients button.

73. E-mail
Select Contacts

74. E-mail
Select Contacts

75. E-mail

76. E-mail
Email attachment
• Attachments are an easy way to share files, photos,
and more …
• Many people aren't aware of some of the most
common attachment mistakes.
• Mention included attachments
• Most people mention the attachment but forget to
attach the file
• We recommend attaching any files before you start
writing.

77. E-mail

78. E-mail
Assignment 1
• Create a new Gmail account
• On email subject write your name and registration
number
• Write anything on the message body (not more than 3
lines)
• Attach a file (document file, picture)
• Send it to itonycpe@gmail.com

79. E-mail
Assignment 1
• Create a new Gmail account
• On email subject write your name and registration
number
• Write anything on the message body (not more than 3
lines)
• Attach a file (document file, picture)
• Send it to itonycpe@gmail.com