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1. ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬)AHP(
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬+
MAKING MULTICRITERIA DICISION BY USING
(AHP)METHOD AN APPLIED STUDY IN AL-BASRAH
TECHINICAL INSTITUTE
‫ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺸﻡ‬*
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠ‬‫ﺹ‬:
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬.‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬.‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻅل‬.
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻁﺒﻘ‬.‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺼل‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬)٠,٥١٩(‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬.
Abstract:
There are two different approaches to making decisions, first is qualitative
approach , which the decision maker depend on his intuitive and experience to
make decision . Second is a quantitative approach and the decision maker
depend on mathematical models to make decision , both of them is important to
the decision maker to make decision in different situation .
The aim of research is using mathematical models to help decision
maker, for this reason the research depend on second approach according to
the criteria which adopt by top management . the research arrives to the select
the first alternative which is opening technical college of management because its
get a high ratio (0. 519 ) comparable with the second one.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬
،‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬.‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
+
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬٢٩/٩/٢٠٠٧‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬٢٢/٥/٢٠٠٨
*
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺱ‬/‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬/‫ﺍﻝﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬.

2. ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺭﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺼﺎﺌﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬
١-‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﺕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬‫ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺕ‬،
‫ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻝﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬)intuitive(‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬(‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬)AHP(
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬:
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ‬)Analytical Hierarchy process(
‫ﺒـ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬)AHP(،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬(‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺩﺓ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬:
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬،‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬)AHP(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬:‫ﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺭﺕ‬٢٠٠٦‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺎل‬:‫ﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺱ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬:-‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬Concept of decision making
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬]
1. [‫ﻭﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻤل‬‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬]2. [‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻀﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬،‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬.

3. ‫ﻝﺤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻬﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‬‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻤﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺤل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬[ 2 ].
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬:-‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺍﺨل‬decision making approaches
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬،‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬]2[
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬:Individual decision making
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬:rational approach
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﻜﺩ‬‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‬،‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻭﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺃﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬‫ﺜﺭ‬.‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬[ 3 ]:
o‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺘﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬:‫ﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻼﻨﺤﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬:‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬:‫ﺤﺎﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬،‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻏﻭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬:‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬.
o‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬،‫ﻴﺴﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬.
o‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬:Bounded rationality perspective
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻐﻁ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬،‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻭﺡ‬

4. ‫ﻤﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺓ‬،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻝﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺸﻲﺀ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻫﺔ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻝﺘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬:Organizational decisions making
‫ﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬:management science approach
‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬.‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻅﻬﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻝﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬.‫ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬[ 2 ].
٢-‫ﻜﺎﺭﻨﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬:Carnegie model
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﺭﻨﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻥ‬)Simon(،)
March(،)Richard(‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻼﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬)Carnegie – mellon(‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺨل‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﺜﻬﻡ‬،‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺼﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬.‫ﺃﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺌﺘﻼﻑ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻔﻘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺌﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﺘﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻝﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺍﺩﺭ‬.‫ﺃ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬[ 2 ]:
-‫ﺍﻝﻜﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
)satisficing(‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬.
-‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻴﻬﺘﻡ‬‫ﻴﺴﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﻜﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬)March ,
Richard(‫ﺍﻹﺸﻜﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ‬)problemistic search(‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻝﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬
-‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﺵ‬،‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻝﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺌﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬.
٣-‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬Incremental decision process model
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬)Henry Mintzberg(‫ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻗل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻤﻼﺀﻩ‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬)Carnegie(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻴﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬] :1[]2[.

5. ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:Identification phase
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬)recognition(‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬‫ﺭ‬.‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬،
‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺜﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸ‬‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻝﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻜل‬[1].
-‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:Development phase
‫ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬.‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺤل‬،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻭل‬‫ﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺠﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬.‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬[ 2 ].
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬:Selection phase
‫ﺍﻝﺤل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬،‫ﻤﺴﺄ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬.‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺒﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬:‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
.
٤-‫ﺍﻝﻘﻤﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬:Garbage can model
‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻜﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﻥ‬.‫ﻴﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬‫ﺒﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺼﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﻭﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‬‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻝﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻵﺨﺭ‬.‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬.‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺨل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬.‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺕ‬[ 3 ]:
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬،‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺠﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻏﻭﺏ‬.
-‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬:‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺭﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤل‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻓﻘ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬.
-‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺫﻫﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻡ‬،‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬،‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻫﺎ‬.

6. -‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺹ‬:‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻐل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺹ‬،‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻨﺘﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬[ 3 ].
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜ‬/‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬:Using operation Research to decision
making
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬،‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺯﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜﻠﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻁ‬.‫ﺯﺍﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
)Thomas Saaty(‫ﻝﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬)AHP] (4. [‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬.‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﻨﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﻝﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ‬:
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻏﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬،
‫ﻴﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻜﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺏ‬‫ﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬،‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺏ‬
....‫ﺍﻝﺦ‬.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬)AHP(‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬.‫ﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎﻝﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻡ‬،‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬[ 5 ].
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬)preferences(‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬.‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬)‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬. (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬،‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬Saaty‫ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬]٦[‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬( 1 ).
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)1(‫ﻝﻠـ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬Saaty
Numeric valuePreference level
‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬equal preference1
‫ﻤﻌﺘﺩﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬moderately preference3
‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬strong preference5
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬very strong preference7

7. ‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬absolute preference9
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬inter mediate values between them2 , 4 , 6 , 8
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬)‫ﺒﺩﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬. (‫ﻤﺜﺎﻝﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻭﻋﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬)A,B(‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻼﺙ‬‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬)Z,Y,X(
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬)A(moderately preferred‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬)
B(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬)X(،‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬)3(‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﻑ‬)A(،‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬،‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬)B(،)A(‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬)B(‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬)A(‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻜﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬)A(‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬)B(
inverse of the preference‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬)1/3. (‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺭﻯ‬.‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻊ‬)‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻭﺀ‬.‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﺒﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬AHP]٤[]٦[[ 7 ]:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬.
٣-‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬.
٤-‫ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﺔ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬.
٣-‫ﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ‬)4(‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺃ‬(‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
)4(‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺏ‬. (
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬(‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)4(‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺃ‬. (
‫ﻫـ‬-‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻝ‬‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬:-‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬:
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻏﺏ‬‫ﺒﺩﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬)
Alternatives(‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬–‫ﺍﻝﺒﺼﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬–‫ﻝﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺠل‬

8. ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬،‫ﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬)criterias(‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻀﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬. (‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻜل‬،‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬:
١-‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬:
StudentsTeachers
New DeptNew
college
New DeptNew college
21New college1/91New college
11/2New Dept.19New Dept.
Top management
New Dept.New college
51New college
11/5New Dept.
٢-‫ا‬:
Top manag.StudentsTeachersCriterion
51/31Teachers
713Students
11/71/5Top manag.
‫ﺍﻝﺤل‬/‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬/‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺒﺩﺃ‬‫ﻭﺤﺴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻝﺫﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤل‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬.
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‬:
*‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻨﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬)New college(‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺭﻑ‬)A. (
‫ﻭ‬= =‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎ‬‫ﻨﻲ‬)New Dept.(‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺭﻑ‬)B. (
Teachers Teachers
A B A B Average
0.10.0990.1A1/91A

9. 0.90.9000.9B19B
1.01.11110
Students Students
A B A B Average
0.6670.6670.667A21A
0.3330.3330.333B11/2B
1.00031.5
Top Manag. Top Manag.
A B A B Average
0.8330.8330.833A51A
0.1670.1670.166B11/5B
1.00061.2
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬/‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬:
Top manag.Stud.Teach.Criterion
51/31Teachers
713Students
11/71/5Top manag.
131.4754.2
AverageTop manag.StudentsTeach.Criterion
0.2830.3850.2260.238Teachers
0.6440.5380.6780.714Students
0.0730.0760.0960.047Top manag.
1.000
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜ‬/‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
Top manag.StudentsteachersCriteria
Alternative

10. 0.8330.6670.1A
0.1670.3330.9B
0.0730.6440.283
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌ‬/‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
Teachers = 0.283
B = 0.9 × 0.283 = 0.255
A = 0.1 × 0.283 = 0.028
Students = 0.644
A = 0.667 × 0.644 = 0.430
B = 0.333 × 0.644 = 0.214
Top manag = 0.073
A = 0.833 × 0.073 = 0.061
B = 0.167 × 0.073 = 0.012
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴ‬/‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺠﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬.
Alternatives =
A = 0.028 + 0.430 + 0.061 = 0.519
B = 0.255 + 0.214 + 0.012 = 0.481
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ‬)A(‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﺼل‬.
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬)AHP(‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬)interviewer
(‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ‬.‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﺭﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺩ‬)4(‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬،‫ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬،‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬
.‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻷﺠل‬)consistency index(‫ﻝﻠﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬:
CriteriaTop manag.StudentsTeachers
0.28351/31Teachers
0.644٧13Students
0.073
X
١1/71/5Top manag.

11. (1) ( 0.283) + (1/3)(0.644) + (5)(0.073) = 0.862
(3) (0.283) + (1) (0.644) + (7) (0.073) = 2.004
(1/5) (0.283 ) + (1/7) ( 0.644) + (1) (0.073 ) = 0.220
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺯﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
0.682/ 0.283 = 3.045
2.004 / 0.644 = 3.111
0.220 / 0.073 = 3.013
9.169
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬)3(‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬.‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬‫ﺍﺩﻨﻰ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬(‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬‫ﻲ‬)3(‫ﻤﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬:
9.169 = ٣ ٠٥٦
٣
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬)C I(‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻕ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺴﺏ‬:
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
n=‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬(‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬( )‫ﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬.‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬)0.028(‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻝﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬.‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬.‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺩ‬)CI(‫ﺍﻝﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬)Random
index(‫ﻝﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺭﻤﺯ‬)RI(‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬)‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬(‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬.‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬( 2 ).
‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬)2(:‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻡ‬)RI(‫ﻝـ‬n‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
1098765432N
1.511.451.411.321.241.120.900.580RI
=C I
n–3.056
1–n
CI
CI
=
= =
3–3.056
1–3
0.056 2
CI
0.028/

12. ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻝﺫﺍ‬‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬CI
RI/.‫ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬)3(‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬n=3‫ﺍﻝﻌﺸﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬)RI(‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬
‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬)0.58(‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬)2(‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬:
0.048=
‫ﻤﻘﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬)Satisfactory. (‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ‬RI / CI
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻐﺭ‬0.10‫ﻓ‬‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﻲ‬CIRI/‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ‬0.10‫ﻋـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬)AHP(‫ﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ‬]٤] [٨.[
‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻤ‬‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺭ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬:-
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:-‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬:
١–‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬.
٢-‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻌﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬.
٣–‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﺭﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﻌﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺯﺍﻨﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴ‬:-‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬:
١-‫ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬.
٢-‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬DSS.
٣-‫ﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬AHP‫ﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻫـﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬:
CI
RI
= 0.028
0.58

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