this ppt gives detailed description 0f parts of plants.

2. SHOOT ROOT
 Stem
 Branches
 Leaves
 Flowers (contains reproductive organ of the plant)
 Buds

4.  The shoot
 Comprises of the stem, branches, leaves, flowers
and the buds
 Flowers contain the reproductive parts of the
plant.
 Flowers develop into fruits
 In a flower bud the petals and reproductive
organs are protected by a small leaf-like
structures called sepals.
 Sepals fall off when the buds open up

6.  Terminal bud: At the tip of the shoot.
Makes the shoot longer.
 Lateral bud: Produce side branches
 The region where the leaf and the bud is
found is called a NODE
 The gap between two nodes is called an
INTERNODE

7.  The ROOT
 Two kinds of root system

8.  Tap root system:
Thick central root
Small lateral roots
Eg : carrots
 Fibrous system:
Many small thin roots which form a network
Eg : yam: The root develops an organ called
tuber in which the plant the stores
food

9. Two tissues involved in transporting food and
water:
 XYLEM: water-conducting tissue
 PHLOEM: food-conducting tissue

10. Water conducting tissue
 the xylem tissue transports water
from the roots to all the parts of the
plant
 They are made up of xylem cells
which die and form hollow tubes
called xylem vessels
 Water is needed for photosynthesis
and for hydrating the cells

11. Food conducting tissue
 Phloem tissue transports food from the leaves to other parts
of the plants
 These tubes are made up of living cells

12.  Two major functions:
(1) Anchoring the plant in soil
(2) Absorbing water and minerals from the soil (root hairs aid in
this function)

13.  Roots that sprout from a part of the plant
other than the primary root (parts such as
stems, leaves etc) are called adventitious
roots. E.g. ivy, clover, strawberry,
tuberous plants.
 Adventitious roots help give support to
the plant.

14.  Provides support to other organs of the shoot
 Contains the transport system
 Thexylem and the phloem come together to form a
structure called vascular bundle
 Holds the leaf at an appropriate angle to allow easy
diffusion of gases and absorption of light
 They hold the flowers at an angle that helps in easy
pollination

15. xylem
phloem

16.  Makes food by carrying out photosynthesis
 Helps to draw water through the plant
from the roots
Water from the roots
 root pushes the water up a plant a little
way
 Water reaches all the parts of the stem
 due to the action of the leaves.

17. cuticle
epidermis
palisade
xylem
phloem Spongy
mesophyll
Guard cell
stomata

19.  Epidermis: upper and lower surface, one
layer
 On the outer surface of the epidermal cells is
a layer of wax, which prevents water passing
in and out of the leaf
 Sandwiched between the upper and lower
tissue is the palisade (upper) and mesophyll
(lower)
 Palisade tissue: food making
 Spongy mesophyll: food making, provide
surface for evaporation of water

20.  When temperature is too high water from spongy cells evaporates forming
water vapour which diffuses out of the stomata into the outside air.
 As the spongy cells become short of water they take it up from the xylem
vessels present in the veins which in turn take it from the xylem vessels in
the stem and roots.
 Process by which plant losses water from the leaves in the form of water
vapour is called transpiration.
 The movement of water from the roots through the stem to the leaves as a
result of transpiration is called transpiration stream.
 For testing water, cobalt chloride paper is used which turns pink when it
comes into contact with water.

21.  Flower contains the reproductive part of a
plant
 SEPAL: small tough, leaf-like structure
group of sepals lay over the bud
 CALYX: the sepals form a ring called the
calyx
 PETALS: colour and scent attract insects to
pollinate the flower
 COROLLA: petals form a ring called corolla
 Inside the corolla are the STAMENS

22.  STAMEN: male part of the flower
Stamen has two parts:
(1) Stalk called the filament
(2) Pollen producing organ called the anther
 CARPEL (PISTIL): female part of the flower
 Carpel has three parts:
(1)Pollen receiving surface called stigma
(2) Beneath the stigma is the style which is
connected to the ovary
(3) Ovary contains one or more ovules

25.  Types of fruit
 Dry fruit
 May form pods – pea and beans
 May form woody nuts – acorns, hazelnut, maize
 Succulent fruit
 They have a soft fleshy part
 Seed may be inside a woody skin which forms a stone – cherry,
peach
 Fruit may have large number of smaller seeds and not stone –
tomato, oranges
 False fruit
 Fleshy part of the fruit does not grow from part of the flower
but from other tissues – apples, pear, strawberry