The Eukaryotic cell

1. MOTIVATION

2. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
 All eukaryotic cells have similar structures in one way or another.
 Eukaryotes contain various structure that perform specific activities inside the
cell.

3. THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
Structures of eukaryotic cells can be grouped according to their
functions:
Covering and protection
Manufacturing and distribution of proteins
Storage and breakdown of substance
Energy processing
Structural support, movement and cell-to-cell communication

4. COVERING AND PROTECTION
Plasma Membrane
It forms a flexible boundary between the cell’s content and its surrounding
environment.
Its main function is to control the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

5. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
OF PROTEINS
Nucleus – (from the Latin word nuculeus which means “kernel”) is the
most noticeable organelle in the cell.
- contains most of the DNA.
- the genetic material, when the cell is not dividing, is stored as
Chromatin(a complex molecule form by DNA and protein).
- DNA molecules consist of short sequence called Genes.

6. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
OF PROTEINS
Ribosomes – are the “proteins factories "of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum – (from the Greek word endo
which means “within”, plasma which means
“molded”, and
reticulum which means “net”)
Two types of ER:
1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER) – does not
contain ribosome
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER) – contain
Ribosome

7. MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTION
OF PROTEINS
Golgi Apparatus – was named after Camillo Golgi who discovered its
presence in 1898
- it composed of smooth flattened membranous sacs
called cisternae.
- “sorts and ships”, packaging station of the cell

8. STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF
SUBSTANCE
Lysosomes – known as “suicide bags”
Functions:
1. Breaking down the contents of a food vacuole.
2. Breaking down a worn out cell organelle.
3. Destroying cells as part of the normal development
of an organism.
4. Destroying engulfed foreign materials.

9. STORAGE AND BREAKDOWN OF
SUBSTANCEVacuoles – commonly used for storing substance.
Kinds of vacuoles:
1. Food vacuole
2. Central vacuole – large vacuole found in plant cells;
acts as a vital storage for numerous
substance.
3. Contractile vacuole – specialized vacuole used for
expelling water accumulated inside the cell.
4. Glyoxysome – found in some seeds; used for breaking
down stored fats, which provides energy for
developing plant embryo.

10. ENERGY PROCESSING
Mitochondria – are also called the ‘’energy power house’’ of the cell.
- they supply energy to the cell by undergoing cellular
respiration.
- contains DNA and ribosomes
Plastids:
Chloroplasts - contains chlorophyll and in which
photosynthesis takes place.

11. IDENTIFYING THE PARTS

13. ACTIVITY