15. Parameter Settings
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for
a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second,
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second,
• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 15
Model Parameters:
+ -
U1
LI-ION_BATTERY
SOC = 1
NS = 1
TSCALE = 1
C = 1.4
(Default values)
1.リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
16. • The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 16
+ -
U1
LI-ION_BATTERY
SOC = 1
NS = 1
TSCALE = 60
C = 1.4
Battery capacity is
input as a model
parameter
Nominal Voltage 3.7V
Nominal
Capacity
Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge)
Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V
Charging Std. Current 700mA
Max Current
Charge 1400mA
Discharge 2800mA
Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V
1.リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
21. + -
U1
LI-ION_BATTERY
SOC = 1
NS = 4
TSCALE = 60
C = 4.4
• The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN Co., Ltd.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 21
The number of cells in
series is input as a
model parameter
Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V
Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh
Input Voltage DC 20.5V
Charging Time About 5 hours
Basic Specification
Li-ion needs 4 cells
to reach this
voltage level
1.リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
27. -+
U1
NI-MH_BATTERY
C = 1350M
TSCALE = 1
NS = 1
SOC = 1
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery
(battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full
charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a
second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world)
into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s
or 1h into a second.
• From the Ni-Mh Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 27
Model Parameters:
(Default values)
2.ニッケル水素電池のシンプルモデル
28. -+
U1
NI-MH_BATTERY
C = 1350M
TSCALE = 1
NS = 1
SOC = 1
• The battery information refer to a battery part number HF-A1U of SANYO.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 28
Battery capacity
[Typ.] is input as a
model parameter
Nominal Voltage 1.2V
Capacity
Typical 1350mAh
Minimum 1250mAh
Charging Current Time 1350mA about 1.1h
Discharge cut-off voltage 1.0V
2.ニッケル水素電池のシンプルモデル
32. C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 1, 50, or 100 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery
(battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full
charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds(in the real world) into a
second(in simulation)
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min (in the real world)
into a second(in simulation), TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s
or 1h into a second.
• From the Lead-Acid Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting
parameters C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 32
Model Parameters:
(Default values)
3.鉛蓄電池のシンプルモデル
33. • The battery information refer to a battery part number MSE Series of GS YUASA.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 33
Battery capacity
[Typ.] is input as a
model parameter
Nominal Voltage 2.0 [Vdc] /Cell
Capacity 50Ah
Rated Charge 0.1C10A
Voltage Set 2.23 [Vdc] /Cell
Charging Time 24 [hours] @ 0.1C10A
3.鉛蓄電池のシンプルモデル
44. Concept of Simulation PV Li-Ion Battery System in 24hr.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 44
Lithium-Ion
Batteries Pack
Photovoltaic
Module
Over Voltage Protection
Circuit
16.8V Clamp Circuit
PBT-BAT-0001 (BAYSUN)
DC12.8~16.4V (4 cells)
4400mAh
SX 330 (BP Solar)
Vmp=16.8V
Pmax=30W
DC/DC
Converter
Vopen= (V)
Vclose= (V)
The model contains 24hr.
solar power data (example).
DC Load
VIN=10~18V
VOUT=5V
VIN = 5V
IIN = 1.5A
Low-Voltage
Shutdown
Circuit
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
45. Short-circuit current vs. time characteristics of photovoltaic module SX330 for
24hours as the solar power profile (example) is included to the model.
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 45
Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
I(X_U1.I_I1)
0A
0.4A
0.8A
1.2A
1.6A
2.0A
SX330
+
U2
SX330_24H_TS3600
The model contains
24hr. solar power data
(example).
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
46. PV-Battery System Simulation Circuit
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 46
Ronof f 1
100dchth
Low-Voltage Shutdown Circuit
DC/DC Converter
DMOD
D1
Voch
16.8Vdc
0
0
batt
0
C1
100n
IC = 16.4
0
pv
+ -
U1
PBT-BAT-0001
TSCALE = 3600
SOC1 = 70
SX330
+
U2
SX330_24H_TS3600
batt1
C3
10n
+
-
+
-
S2
S
VON = 0.7
VOFF = 0.3
ROFF = 10MEG
RON = 0.01
0
0
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
ecal_Iomax
n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/5
EVALUE
Iomax
0
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E2
IF( V(lctrl) > 0.25 ,Lopen ,Lclose)
EVALUE
0
PARAMETERS:
Lopen = 14
Lclose = 15.2
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E1
IF(V(batt1)>V(dchth),5,0)
EVALUERonof f
100
Conof f
1n
IC = 5
Lctrl
PARAMETERS:
n = 1
I1
1.5Adc
0
OUT
IN+
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
E3
IF( I(OUT)-V(Iomax) > 0 ,n*V(%IN+, %IN-)*I(IN)/(I(OUT)+1u), 5 )
EVALUE
out_dc
DMOD
D2
Conof f 1
100n
IN-
OUT+
OUT-
IN+
G1
Limit( V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1, 1m, 5*I(out)/(n*limit(V(%IN+, %IN-),10,25)) )
GVALUE
IN
Solar cell model with
24hr. solar power
data.
Lopen value is load
shutdown voltage.
Lclose value is load
reconnect voltage
Set initial battery
voltage, IC=16.4, for
convergence aid.
SOC1 value is initial
State Of Charge of the
battery, is set as 70%
of full voltage.
7.5W Load
(5Vx1.5A).
Simulation at 15W load, change I1 from 1.5A to 3A
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
47. Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
400mA
500mA
600mA
2
SEL>>SEL>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
>>
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
Simulation Result (SOC1=100)
C1: IC=16.4
Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
Step size: 0.01s
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 47
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=100 Fully charged, stop
charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
48. Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
10.152m,69.889)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>SEL>>
(7.6750,15.199)
(5.1850,14.000)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
C1: IC=16.4
Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
Step size: 0.01s
SKIPBP
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 48
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=70
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged, stop
charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
Simulation Result (SOC1=70)
49. Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
100V
SEL>>
(12.800m,29.854)
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
>> (1.6328,14.004)
(7.6150,15.193)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
Simulation Result (SOC1=30)
C1: IC=15
Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
Step size: 0.01s
Total job time = 2s
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 49
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=30
V=Lopen
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged, stop
charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
50. Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
0.5A
1.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
100V
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>SEL>>
(7.6163,15.200)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
Simulation Result (SOC1=10)
C1: IC=14.4
Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
Step size: 0.01s
SKIPBP
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 50
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options RELTOL=0.01
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=10
V=Lclose
Shutdown
Reconnect
Fully charged, stop
charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
51. Time
0s 4s 8s 12s 16s 20s 24s
1 V(out_dc) 2 I(IN)
0V
2.5V
5.0V
7.5V
1
0A
1.0A
2.0A
2
>>
V(X_U1.SOC)
0V
25V
50V
75V
100V
1 V(batt) 2 I(U1:PLUS)
12.5V
15.0V
17.5V
1
-2.0A
0A
2.0A
2
SEL>>SEL>>
(20.473,14.003)
(7.6086,15.200)
(3.8973,14.000)
I(pv)
0A
1.0A
Simulation Result (SOC1=100, IL=3A or 15W load)
C1: IC=16.4
Run to time: 24s (24hours in real world)
Step size: 0.001s
Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 51
PV generated current
Battery current
Battery voltage
Battery SOC
DC/DC input current
DC output voltage
• .Options ITL4=1000
SOC1=100 Fully charged, stop
charging
Battery supplies current when solar
power drops.
PV module charge the battery
Charging time
V=Lopen
Shutdown
V=Lopen
Shutdown
5.太陽光発電システム全体シミュレーション
53. Case1: Voltage Source(v1) with LTC3105
Simulation Result • Total elapsed time: 410.938sec. ≈ 7min.
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
VMPPC=0.4V
Input Current
53Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015
6.環境発電のシミュレーション
54. Solar Cell Specification
• The information refer to a part number 19_12_93 of CONRAD ELECTRONIC.
PARAMETER VALUE
Pmax (W) 0.400
Vmp (V) 0.500
Imp (A) 0.800
Isc (A) 0.872
Voc (V) 0.580
54Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015
6.環境発電のシミュレーション
60. Copyright(C) MARUTSU ELEC 2015 60
Case4: Maximum power point tracking (SOL=30%)
Simulation Result • Total elapsed time: 2082.5sec. ≈ 35min.
Input Voltage
VMPPC =0.500V ---
VMPPC =0.475V ---
Output Voltage
Input Current
6.環境発電のシミュレーション