Coronary arteries diseases occurs when the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients (coronary arteries) become damaged or sick. The deposits containing cholesterol (plaques) in the arteries and infections are usually the cause of coronary artery disease. When plaques accumulate, the coronary arteries narrow; This reduces blood flow to your heart. Ultimately, decreased blood flow may cause chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other signs and symptoms of coronary disease. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack. please comment thank you....

1. Coronary Arteries |
Coronary Arteries
Functions | Diseases
- MEDICAL DISCUSSION
PREPARED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D

2. Introduction
Coronary arteries diseases occurs when the major blood vessels that
supply your heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients (coronary arteries)
become damaged or sick. The deposits containing cholesterol (plaques) in
the arteries and infections are usually the cause of coronary artery
disease.
When plaques accumulate, the coronary arteries narrow; This reduces
blood flow to your heart. Ultimately, decreased blood flow may cause
chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or other signs and symptoms of
coronary disease. A complete blockage can cause a heart attack

3. Since coronary artery disease often occurs over decades, you
may not notice any problem until there is a significant blockage
or heart attack. But there is a lot you can do to prevent and treat
coronary artery disease. A healthy lifestyle can have a
considerable impact.

5. Symptoms of Coronary Artery diseases
If your coronary arteries are narrowed, they will not be able to
supply the heart with sufficient oxygen-rich blood – especially when
the heart is accelerating, for example, during exercise. First, low
blood flow does not cause any of the symptoms of coronary artery
disease. Constant accumulation of deposits in your coronary
arteries, however, signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease
may develop, including the following:

6. Chest pain (angina).
You may feel pressure or heaviness in the chest as if someone were sitting
on your chest. This pain referred to as angina, occurs in the middle or left
side of the chest. Angina generally appears through physical or emotional
stress.
The pain sometimes ends within minutes after the strenuous activity stops.
In some people, especially women, the pain may be transient or sharp in
the neck, arm, or back.
Shortness of breath.
If the heart does not pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs, your
shortness of breath may develop into fatigue and fatigue.

7. Heart attack.
A blockage of the entire coronary artery causes a heart attack.
Signs and symptoms of a classic heart attack include a lot of
pressure on your chest and pain in your shoulder or arm,
sometimes accompanied by shortness of breath and sweating.
Women somewhat, and less likely, suffer from signs and symptoms
of a heart attack, such as neck or jaw pain. Sometimes a heart
attack occurs without any apparent signs or symptoms.

8. Coronary Arteries
Bypass Surgery

9. When to see a doctor?
If a heart attack is suspected, you should call your local emergency
number immediately. If you do not have access to emergency
medical services, have someone take you to the nearest hospital.
Drive only as a last resort.
If there are risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as high
blood pressure, high cholesterol, use of dependency or diabetes, or
a family history very full of heart disease or obesity, you should
speak to a doctor. The doctor may examine the patient to see the
condition, especially if he has signs or symptoms of narrowed
arteries

10. Coronary artery disease is believed to start when the inner layer of it is
injured or damaged, which may happen early in childhood. The damage
may be caused by many factors, including:
Smoking
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Diabetes or insulin resistance
Idle lifestyle
Once the inner wall of the artery has been damaged, fatty deposits
(plaques) consisting of cholesterol and other cellular waste products
tend to accumulate at the site of injury in a process called
atherosclerosis. If the plaque surface is broken or torn, the blood cells
called platelets will clump on-site in an attempt to repair the artery. This
lump can block the artery, leading to a heart attack.

11. Risk factors
Risk factors for coronary artery disease include:
Age
Only getting older increases your risk of arterial damage and stenosis.
Sex
Men are generally more susceptible to coronary artery disease—however,
the risk increases in postmenopausal women.

12. Family history
The family history of heart disease is associated with an increased
risk of coronary heart disease, especially if a relative has heart
disease at an early age. You are more at risk if your father or brother
is diagnosed with heart disease before the age of 55 or if your
mother or sister is diagnosed before the age of 65.

13. Smoking
Smokers are more likely to develop heart disease. Exposure to
secondhand smoke also increases your risk of coronary artery disease.
Hypertension
Uncontrolled high blood pressure may lead to atherosclerosis and
stiffness; This causes the narrowing of the channel through which the
blood passes.

14. High levels of cholesterol in the blood
It may increase the risk of plaque formation and atherosclerosis.
High cholesterol may be caused by a high level of low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, known as “bad” cholesterol. HDL
cholesterol, known as “good” cholesterol, also contributes to
atherosclerosis.

15. Diabetic
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease share the same risk factors as
obesity and high blood pressure.
Being overweight or obese
Excess weight usually worsens other risk factors.
Lack of physical activity. Lack of exercise is also associated with coronary
artery disease and its sales his risk factors.

16. Excessive stress
In your life, unexplained pressure can damage your arteries, as well
as worsen other risk factors for coronary artery disease.

17. Unhealthy diet
Eating more food that contains large amounts of saturated fats,
trans fats, salt, and sugar may increase your risk of coronary artery
disease.
Risk factors usually occur in groups and may be built on one
another, such as obesity that leads to type 2 diabetes and high
blood pressure. When a group of specific risk factors group
together, you may be more likely to have coronary disease.

18. Highlights of Coronary Arteries

19. For example, metabolic syndrome – a group of conditions that
include high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, low HDL or
good cholesterol, high insulin levels, and increased fat around the
waist – increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Sometimes coronary artery disease is produced without any
typical risk factors. Researchers are studying other possible
factors, including the following:

20. Sleep apnea
This disorder causes frequent stops and starts breathing during sleep.
The sudden drop in oxygen levels in the blood that occurs during sleep
apnea increases blood pressure, and strains the cardiovascular system;
This can lead to coronary artery disease.

21. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a natural protein that
appears in high quantities when there is inflammation in the body. One of
the top risk factors for high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is heart
disease. It is believed that with coronary arteries narrowing, a higher
amount of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) will be present in
the blood.
High triglycerides
Triglycerides are one of the types of fats (fats) found in the blood. High
levels may increase the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in
women.

22. Homocysteine
Homocysteine ​​is a DNA that the body uses to build protein and
to build and maintain tissue. But high levels of
homocysteine ​​increase your risk of coronary artery disease.
Eclampsia
This condition may occur in women during pregnancy. This causes high
blood pressure and increased protein in the urine. It may lead to an
increased risk of heart disease later.

23. Drinking alcohol
Drinking too much alcohol can damage the heart muscle. It may also
worsen other risk factors that cause coronary artery disease.
Autoimmune diseases, cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus (and
other matters of rheumatoid inflammation) increase the risk of
atherosclerosis.

24. Complications
Coronary artery disease can lead to:
Chest pain (angina)
When coronary arteries narrow, the heart may not get enough blood
when demand increases, especially during physical activity. This can lead
to chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath.

25. Heart attack
If cholesterol plaques are torn, and blood clots form, complete blockage
of the heart artery can lead to a heart attack. Low blood flow to the heart
can damage the heart muscle. The level of damage depends to some
extent on the level of speed of treatment.
Heart failure
If some parts of the heart become chronically deprived of oxygen and
nutrients due to low blood flow, or if the heart is damaged by a heart
attack, the heart may become very weak as it is unable to pump sufficient
blood that meets the body’s needs. This condition is known as heart
failure.

26. Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
Inappropriate blood supply to the heart or damage to the heart tissue
can interfere with the heart’s electrical impulses, causing abnormal
heart rhythms.
Protection
The same lifestyle habits that may help to treat coronary artery disease
may also help prevent it from the start. Having a healthy lifestyle can
help keep arteries secure and plaque-free. To improve heart health, you
must do the following:

27. Quit Smoking
Control conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
and diabetes
Maintaining physical activity
Eat a low-fat, low-salt diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole
grains
Maintain a healthy weight
Reduced and controlled pressure.

28. THANK YOU……..