Business opportunities from Large Research Facilities UK industrial and research capability serving the world

1. Large Research Facilities
Business opportunities from Large Research Facilities
UK industrial and research capability serving the world
www.ukti.gov.uk

2. 2 Large Research Facilities
The number of Large Research
Facilities, commonly referred to as
“Research Infrastructures”, has risen
sharply in the last few decades
both in Europe and further afield.
Many of these facilities undertake
cutting-edge, and increasingly
international, scientific research.
Crucially, they also offer a wide
range of business opportunities.
Cover image: Planck during its final cleaning.
The spacecraft’s surface was inspected under UV
light to detect dust particles that fluoresce after
illumination with UV (Credit: ESA)

3. Preface 3
Contents
PREFACE SECTION C
About this publication 4 4 Large Research Facilities in the UK 58
Acknowledgements 5 4.1 Introduction 60
Foreword 6 4.2 Science and Technology Facilities Council 60
UKTI 8 4.2.1 Diamond Light Source 61
4.2.2 ISIS 62
SECTION A 4.2.3 Central Laser Facility 63
1 Large Research Facilities 10 4.2.4 Computational Science and Engineering 64
1.1 Introduction 12 4.2.5
Chilbolton Facility for Atmospheric and Radio
1.2 Types of Large Research Facility 12 Research 65
1.3 Business opportunities from Large Research Facilities 13 4.2.6 Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes 66
2 Winning business from Large Research Facilities 16 4.2.7 UK Astronomy Technology Centre 66
2.1 Introduction 18 4.2.8 Joint Astronomy Centre 68
2.2 Key factors of success 18 4.2.9 RAL Space 68
2.3 How can UKTI help UK organisations succeed with 4.2.10 Accelerator Science and Technology Centre 69
Large Research Facilities to win contracts? 22 4.3 Natural Environment Research Council 70
4.3.1 British Antarctic Survey 71
SECTION B 4.3.2 British Geological Survey 72
3 UK capability in selected technology areas 24 4.3.3 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology 72
3.1 Introduction 26 4.3.4 National Centre for Atmospheric Science 72
3.2 Cryogenics 27 4.3.5 National Centre for Earth Observation 74
3.3 Fusion energy 30 4.3.6 National Oceanography Centre 74
3.4 High-performance computing 30 4.4 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
3.5 Neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy 33 Research Council 74
3.6 Precision engineering 33 4.5 Medical Research Council 76
3.7 Synchrotrons 36 4.6 Culham Centre for Fusion Energy 80
4.6.1 Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak 81
CASE STUDIES 38 4.6.2 Joint European Torus 81
3.1 Scientific Magnetics and CVT Ltd 40 4.7 Other research facilities 81
3.2 Oxford Instruments and its partnership with ISIS 42 4.7.1 National Nuclear Laboratory 81
3.3 Culham Centre for Fusion Energy 44 4.7.2 Dalton Nuclear Institute 82
3.4 MG Sanders Ltd 46 4.7.3 Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre 84
3.5 Viglen – CERN collaboration 48 4.7.4 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Centre 84
3.6 Prototech Engineering Ltd – ISIS collaboration 49 4.7.5 Cockcroft Institute 85
3.7 Zeeko Ltd 50 4.8 Catapult centres 88
3.8 OpTIC 52
3.9 Instrument Design Technology 54 SECTION D
3.10 Observatory Sciences Ltd 56 Annexes references 90
Annex 1 Abbreviations 92
Annex 2 Glossary of technical terms 94
Annex 3 List of websites 103
Annex 4 Bibliography 110
Annex 5 Contact UKTI 110

4. 4 Large Research Facilities
About this publication
The aim of this publication is to make This publication is divided into three A series of Annexes lists abbreviations,
UK organisations (especially companies) sections: Section A highlights the breadth glossary of technical terms, selected
aware of major business opportunities of business opportunities presented by websites, bibliography and contact
from Large Research Facilities (LRFs) LRFs and offers practical guidance on detail in UKTI. The glossary provides
on a worldwide basis. It highlights the what factors to consider when applying for general descriptions of selected
factors they need to consider when tenders from these facilities. technical terms used in this document.
seeking to exploit such opportunities, These descriptors have been found
Section B showcases UK capability
and how UK Trade Investment (UKTI) using a variety of sources, including
in selected technology areas such
can offer targeted support to bid for and Wikipedia.
as cryogenics, fusion energy, high-
win contracts from these facilities.
performance computing, neutron The reader should also note that this
Another important purpose is to scattering and muon spectroscopy, publication does not include every LRF
provide UK missions abroad with a precision engineering and synchrotrons. in the UK or provide a detailed analysis
comprehensive picture of the UK’s This is supplemented by a series of case of all the country’s Research Councils
world-leading academic/industrial studies of UK companies, which have and academic/industrial capability. Nor
capability in selected technology won contracts from LRFs (some with does it present a comprehensive list
areas and the types of LRFs that exist UKTI support). of overseas LRFs. There are simply too
in this country. This is done to help many of them.
Section C presents an overview of LRFs in
in the identification of commercial
the UK, focusing particularly on Research What it does do, though, is present
opportunities arising from LRFs in
Councils, and other facilities such as a thorough overview of selected UK
overseas markets that would be relevant
the National Nuclear Laboratory, the industrial and research capability and
to UK organisations.
Integrated Vehicle Health Management how it can support LRFs around the
Centre and the Catapult centres. world.
Dr Amit Khandelwal
UKTI

5. Preface 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UKTI would like to thank all the organisations for their contributions
to the creation of this publication. They include:
Thank you to Sabine Adeyinka and Advanced Manufacturing National Nuclear Laboratory
Dr Raeid Jewad for their assistance in Research Centre Observatory Sciences Ltd
compiling this publication. British Cryogenics Cluster OpTIC
CERN Oxford Instruments
Cockcroft Institute PA Consulting
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy Prototech Engineering Ltd
CVT Ltd Scientific Magnetics
Dalton Nuclear Institute UK Research Councils – Science and
Diamond Light Source Technology Facilities Council (STFC),
Instrument Design Technology Ltd Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC), Biotechnology and Biological
Integrated Vehicle Health Management
Sciences Research Council (BBSRC),
Centre at Cranfield University
Medical Research Council (MRC)
ISIS
Viglen Ltd
MG Sanders Ltd
Zeeko Ltd

6. 6 Large Research Facilities
Foreword
Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for
Astronomy (VISTA) is a 4-m class wide
field survey telescope for the southern
hemisphere, equipped with a near infrared
camera and has an azimuth-altitude mount.
It is located at the ESO’s Cerro Paranal
Observatory in Chile (Credit: VISTA).
Right: Wide-field view of the Orion Nebula (Messier
42), lying about 1350 light-years from Earth taken
with the VISTA infrared survey telescope. The new
telescope’s huge field of view allows the whole nebula
and its surroundings to be imaged in a single picture
and its infrared vision also means that it can peer
deep into the normally hidden dusty regions and
reveal the curious antics of the very active young
stars buried there. This image was created from
Steve O’Leary
images taken through Z, J and Ks filters in the
Director – Infrastructure and near-infrared part of the spectrum. The exposure
Low Carbon, UKTI times were ten minutes per filter. The image covers a
region of sky about one degree by 1.5 degrees.(Credit:
ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA. Acknowledgment: Cambridge
Astronomical Survey Unit)
It is my pleasure to present this The UK also contributes to several As part of the UK Government’s agenda
publication, Business Opportunities from international LRFs through direct of growth through trade, UKTI is keen to
Large Research Facilities – UK Industrial subscription fees to overseas facilities ensure that UK organisations are:
and Research Capability Serving the World. such as CERN, home to the world’s largest ●● Aware of major business opportunities
particle accelerator and the European from LRFs on a worldwide basis, and
The UK is home to some of the biggest
Southern Observatory (ESO) or through the
and best LRFs anywhere in the world, Offered targeted support through
EU, for example, ITER (the International ●●
catering for many different disciplines UKTI’s extensive global network so that
Tokamak Experimental Reactor). This
ranging from astronomy and engineering they are able to make contact with
investment is focused on ensuring that
through to molecular biology, medical senior LRF decision makers, and bid
the UK’s research community remains at
research and the natural sciences. for/win contracts from these facilities.
the forefront of science, technology and
Funded by the UK Government, facilities innovation through scientific collaboration. UKTI is also keen to help overseas
such as the British Antarctic Survey,
Crucially, LRFs offer diverse and organisations bring their high-quality
Diamond Light Source, ISIS Pulsed
attractive procurement opportunities investment to the UK, and ideally to
Neutron and Muon Source, and the
for UK organisations. For example, the set up in science and innovation hubs
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, have
European Southern Observatory has such as the Harwell Oxford Science and
not only secured the UK the premier
budgeted €1 billion for the construction Innovation Campus and the Daresbury
position as one of the best places to
of Europe’s Extremely Large Telescope, Science and Innovation Campus, or in
undertake research but also support
while CERN’s annual procurement one of the many science parks that exist
a vibrant high-technology industrial
budget is over £200 million. in this country.
manufacturing base.

7. Preface 7
“ he UK supports some of
T
the biggest and best LRFs
anywhere in the world,
embracing many different
disciplines ranging from
astronomy and engineering
through to the natural
sciences. These LRFs offer
significant and challenging
business opportunities for UK
Industry globally”
The aim of this publication is threefold. Third, to provide an overview of the
First, to help highlight the breadth of diverse range and capabilities of LRFs
business opportunities offered by LRFs, currently based in the UK. They are
and which UK organisations should playing an increasing role in undertaking
consider applying for. Practical guidance contract research and providing solutions
gleaned from companies, the UK’s to academic and industrial challenges
Research Councils and procurement throughout the world, especially through
officials at LRFs is also provided. This research-based partnerships.
outlines the factors to consider when
Whether you are venturing into selling to
applying for tenders to win contracts
an overseas LRF for the first time, or are
from these facilities. Artist’s impression of the European Extremely Large
an experienced exporter trying to break
Telescope (E-ELT) on Cerro Armazones, a 3060-metre
Second, to showcase the UK’s academic into an existing or new facility, UKTI offers mountaintop in Chile’s Atacama Desert. The E-ELT,
and industrial capability in a range of a range of trade support services that can a LRF in development, will be the largest optical/
technology areas such as cryogenics, help you in doing business internationally. infrared telescope in the world — the world’s biggest
nuclear fusion, precision engineering and eye on the sky. (Credit: ESO)
I would encourage you to contact us
synchrotrons. This is supplemented by a
(see Annex 5) to explore the business
series of case studies of UK organisations
opportunities that arise from LRFs all
which have engaged with LRFs and
over the world, and we wish you luck in
subsequently won contracts from them.
winning contracts.

8. 8 Large Research Facilities
UKTI
UK TRADE INVESTMENT
UK Trade Investment (UKTI) is the
Government Department that helps
UK-based companies to succeed in the
global economy. We also help overseas
companies bring their high-quality
investment to the UK’s dynamic economy,
acknowledged as Europe’s best place from
which to succeed in global business.
UKTI offers expertise and contacts
through its extensive network of
specialists both in the UK and in British
embassies and other diplomatic offices
around the world. We provide companies
with the tools they require to be
competitive on the world stage.

9. Preface 9
UKTI supports a wide range of British
businesses through events and specialist
workshops
Investment to know the UK’s strengths and where bespoke market intelligence, we can
investment opportunities exist and to help you crack foreign markets and
UKTI’s comprehensive range of services
help businesses coming to the UK get up get to grips quickly with overseas
assists overseas companies, whatever
and running with speed and confidence. regulations and business practice.
their size and experience, to bring
high-quality investment to the UK. In October 2010, UKTI was awarded
They are delivered in partnership with Trade the accolade of Best Trade Promotion
teams in London and the devolved UKTI staff are experts in helping your Organisation (Developed Country) at
administrations of Scotland, Wales and business grow internationally. We provide the International Trade Centre’s Trade
Northern Ireland. expert trade advice and practical support Promotion Organisation Network Awards.
to UK-based companies wishing to grow The awards recognise excellence in
Our services include providing bespoke
their business overseas. Whatever stage export development initiatives and the
information about important commercial
of development your business is at, we ability of UKTI to meet the challenges
matters, such as company registration,
can give you the support that you need ahead.
immigration, incentives, labour, real
estate, transport and legal issues. to expand and prosper, assisting you on
every step of the exporting journey.
Deciding where to locate your
international business is often a long Through a range of unique services,
including participation at selected trade For further information please visit
and involved process. It is UKTI’s job
fairs, outward missions and providing www.ukti.gov.uk

10. 10 Large Research Facilities
“ he diversity of Large Research Facilities around the
T
world is truly astonishing, ranging from medical research
hospitals and ground-based telescopes through to nuclear
fusion experimental reactors, neutron sources and particle
accelerators. Crucially, they have a diverse range of needs,
such as architectural design, civil engineering, cryogenics,
instrumentation and sensor systems among many others,
which the UK can help meet. UK business should seize
upon these requirements and, with support from UKTI,
build long-term profitable partnerships on
what are exciting business opportunities.”
Dr Amit Khandelwal
UKTI

11. Section A – Large Research Facilities 11
Section A
Large Research
Facilities

12. 12 Large Research Facilities
Large Research Facilities
Aerial view of Diamond Synchrotron. (Image courtesy of Diamond Light Source)
1.1 Introduction In essence, LRFs serve to solve speeding up the drug discovery process
challenges facing the world on energy, for the pharmaceutical industry, and
The number of Large Research Facilities
living with environmental change, CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a
(LRFs), commonly referred to as “Research
ageing and health, digital economy and particle accelerator which is currently
Infrastructures”, has risen sharply in
nanoscience, through engineering to being used to elucidate the existence of
the last few decades both in Europe and
applications. the Higgs boson.
further afield. Many of these facilities
undertake cutting-edge, and increasingly Yet, despite this growth, there is no one
international, scientific research to provide universal definition of what constitutes 1.2 Types of Large Research
answers to questions such as: an LRF as they can vary so much – Facility
from oceanographic ships to particle LRFs can be simplistically divided into
●● Why is there a universe? Was there
accelerators and synchrotrons, and from the following categories: (i) UK – national
ever life on Mars?
research hospitals to nuclear fusion facility, (ii) intergovernmental and (iii)
●● How are the chemical elements reactors, space-based sensors and
created? overseas, as outlined in Table 1.1.
ground-based telescopes and large data
●● How can we design better treatments sets. A key feature of an LRF is its substantial
for cancer, malaria and diabetes? procurement budget, either for upgrades
Two specific examples are the Diamond to existing infrastructure or for new
●● How do the oceans regulate the
Light Source – the UK’s national builds. As a result, LRFs can offer diverse,
Earth’s climate?
synchrotron facility – which has helped lucrative and often high-end business
●● Can we create new materials to store to solve commercial concerns such as opportunities for UK companies.
energy?

13. Section A – Large Research Facilities 13
Table 1.1: elected examples of LRFs – UK national facility, intergovernmental and overseas
S
Type of LRF Funding Selected examples Additional details
UK – national facility Principally funded by the UK Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) Procurement rules in these
Government through the Research facilities are subject to OJEU rules
NERC
Councils such as the Natural established by the European
Environment Research Council • British Antarctic Survey Commission.
(NERC) and the Science and • National Oceanography Centre
Technology Facilities Council • National Centre for Atmospheric Science
(STFC). STFC
• iamond Light Source (with 14% from the
D
Wellcome Trust)
• SIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source
I
• K Astronomy Technology Centre
U
Intergovernmental Funded by a series of nations. This • xtreme Light Infrastructure (ELI), Czech Republic,
E These tend to have either unique
could be jointly with European Hungary, Romania procurement rules or rules based
partners, or with other global • uropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),
E on the EU system. They often
partners such as the USA. Switzerland and France aim to buy from their funding
These facilities can be located in • uropean Southern Observatory (ESO), Germany and
E countries.
the UK or elsewhere around the Chile
world. • uropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France
E
• nstitut Laue-Langevin (ILL), France
I
• nternational Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER),
I
France (originally called the International Thermonuclear
Experimental Reactor)
Overseas These national facilities are • ational Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics,
N These have unique procurement
principally funded by overseas Canada rules. The facilities often prefer
governments. • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India procurement from organisations
• orea Aerospace Research Institute, South Korea
K based in the funding country.
• National Space Organization, Taiwan
• ew Karolinska Solna University Hospital Project
N
(including Research Centre), Sweden
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
• Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Concomitantly, there are opportunities often multidisciplinary and serve many jointly funded or suitable subjects for
for innovative UK-based and overseas different users. Yet another defining international collaboration, in some
companies to use LRFs at national feature is that the facilities have strong cases distributed across a number of
science and innovation campuses such academic and increasingly business different countries. For example, the
as at Harwell and Daresbury, and to links, often across nations. Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) is
draw on the diverse range of technical located in the Czech Republic, Hungary
Given that research is being pursued
capabilities within this specialist and Romania.
on an international basis, reflecting
environment.
the nature of global challenges such as Crucially, these large infrastructures
Another important characteristic of climate change and in areas such as also have ongoing procurement needs,
LRFs is their considerable size and the particle physics, many national LRFs which can present attractive business
fact that they are expensive to build, are being replaced by next-generation opportunities to UK organisations.
maintain and operate. For example, in international facilities such as the This is discussed below.
2011 CERN’s overall budget was 1.16 European Southern Observatory and
billion Swiss francs, which is spent on ITER. These are now being viewed as a 1.3 Business opportunities
the running costs of the facility such as research resource for both academia and from Large Research
salaries and energy, and on procuring a industry.
Facilities
wide range of products and services.
LRFs often fall outside the funding LRFs offer both volume-based and
Not surprisingly, LRFs have a life span of remit or capability of any individual value-added opportunities for UK
between 10 and 20 years (or more), are organisation, and are potentially organisations, and there are plenty of

14. 14 Large Research Facilities
worthwhile ones to pursue. For example, When planning the next generation of and their antiparticles rather than protons,
these can range from accelerator science facilities, LRFs will often encounter physicists will gain a different perspective
technology, advanced materials (such areas where their scientific requirements on the underlying physics.
as beryllium-coated vacuum vessels and cannot be met by today’s products and For a UK company, such programmes
metal matrix composites), construction technologies. To address this issue, LRFs represent a potential opportunity to
and cryogenics through to project regularly initiate multi-million-euro advise on engineering and design
management, design studies and development programmes in partnership challenges, as well as to participate in
remote handling (see Table 1.2). with organisations such as universities. the manufacture of component parts for
For example, when constructing the LHC, For example, in 2011 CERN entered into the machine itself.
CERN had a materials budget of almost collaboration with five UK universities,
as well as the Accelerator Science and Most LRFs also actively promote the
5 billion Swiss francs, while the ESO has commercial exploitation of intellectual
budgeted €1 billion for the construction Technology Centre (ASTeC) at the Science
and Technology Facilities Council’s property that has been generated
of Europe’s Extremely Large Telescope. through their technology development
Daresbury Laboratory for the design of key
Contracts worth millions of euros are components of the beam delivery system programmes. In some cases they may
regularly awarded to European suppliers for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). even provide funding to support the
in high-technology areas, including application of these technologies to other
detectors, optics and precision motion The aim of CLIC is to develop a machine fields. Not surprisingly this can prove to
systems. Furthermore, there is the to collide electrons and positrons (anti- be an attractive proposition for many UK
opportunity to develop cutting-edge electrons) head on at energies up to several cutting-edge technology companies.
technologies or products in association teraelectronvolts (TeV). This energy range is
similar to the LHC, but by using electrons But it’s not just technology companies
with LRFs. that can benefit from working with LRFs.
Contracts for architectural design, large
Table 1.2: Examples of areas in which LRFs procure
steel structure fabrication or tunnel
excavation are also awarded by LRFs. For
■■ Accelerator technology, magnets and superconductivity example, a UK architectural firm, BFLS,
■■ Advanced materials won the contract to design the building
for ELI in the Czech Republic.
■■ Architecture, civil engineering, buildings and construction
Many LRFs, such as Diamond Light
■■ Biological material Source, CERN and ITER, are also
■■ Chemicals prominent national and international
brands, and a case study showing how
■■ Cryogenics, vacuum systems and gas a product and/or service from the UK
■■ Computing and IT services/support has been used by them is a compelling
endorsement and a powerful marketing
■■ Design studies tool to gain new business from other
■■ Electrical/electronic systems LRFs around the world.
■■ Fluid systems There is no doubt that LRFs are an
attractive customer for UK organisations
■■ Instrumentation and sensor systems from the perspective of business
■■ Mechanical handling and structures opportunities. Winning a contract from an
LRF can not only generate revenue but also
■■ Particle detectors enhance your reputation. This in turn can
■■ Project management lead to repeat or new business by opening
doors to procurements from other LRFs.
■■ Remote handling
In short, there is a lot that UK businesses
■■ Support services can do to increase their chances of
winning an LRF contract and hence add
■■ Synchrotron beamlines
to their profitability. The next chapter
■■ System integration services identifies some of the key factors of
success in order to win business from
■■ Welded structures
LRFs around the world.

15. Section A – Large Research Facilities 15
Many LRFs, such as Diamond Light Source, CERN and ITER,
are also prominent national and international brands, and a
case study showing how your product has been used by them
is a compelling endorsement and a powerful marketing tool
to gain new business from other LRFs around the world.
ATLAS particle detector at the LHC during installation © CERN

16. 16 Large Research Facilities
“ ndustry is vital in keeping
I
CERN’s research facilities
running, supplying us with
everything from off-the-shelf
products to highly technical
components. This provides the
opportunity to small, medium
and large enterprises to
participate in and benefit from
technological advancements
in our quest for scientific
discoveries.”
Dante Gregorio
Section Head – Contracts for
supplies and IT, Procurement
Service at CERN

17. Section A – Winning business from Large Research Facilities 17
Winning business
from Large
Research Facilities

18. 18 Large Research Facilities
Winning business from Large Research Facilities
The LRF zone at Technology World 2010 and
specialist one2one meetings at Technology
World 2011.
2.1 Introduction country. For example, the UK has LRFs of pan-European interest. They
industry liaison officers for CERN, correspond to the long-term needs
A wide variety of factors should be
the European Synchrotron Radiation of European research communities,
considered in order to enhance a UK
Facility (ESRF), Institut Laue- covering all scientific areas, regardless
organisation’s chances of successfully
Langevin (ILL), the European Southern of location. In essence, this activity aims
applying for, and winning, tenders from
Observatory (ESO) and the International to promote the European research area
LRFs. This includes networking and
Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). concept which will be delivered through
establishing personal contact within an
Their work is designed to improve the a host of LRFs.
LRF; keeping abreast of developments in
flow of information from the facilities
LRFs both in the UK and abroad; getting Several European countries are now
to UK industry and can be valuable
involved in technical development; using the ESFRI Roadmap as a blueprint
in helping business to make contacts
and understanding procurement rules. for the development of national
as well as providing information on
These factors, together with the type of roadmaps and for the setting of national
procurement rules. UKTI can also help
support that UKTI offers, are discussed priorities, including existing and new
in this regard (see Section 2.3).
below. research facilities.
Learning about future research Such resources can be invaluable for
2.2 Key factors of success infrastructures businesses by giving them significant
A number of roadmaps on LRFs notice about existing upgrades and
Networking and establishing
have been published. For example, upcoming developments in research
personal contact
the Research Council UK (RCUK) infrastructures.
Personal contacts at LRFs can help Large Facilities Roadmap provides
with understanding the requirements Getting involved in technical
a comprehensive picture of current
of upcoming projects and can also development
facilities, and their renewals and
make the industry aware of lower-value upgrades. It also identifies emerging Facilities often require cutting-edge
contracts that do not need to go through facilities that are of the highest strategic technologies which are not “off-the-
formal procedures. importance for the UK. shelf” products. Development of these
The UK has an industry representative technologies often involves large
Similarly, the European Strategy Forum
for many of the intergovernmental teams of researchers from the facilities,
on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI)
research facilities funded by this academia and industry working together
roadmap identified new and potential

19. Section A – Winning business from Large Research Facilities 19
For further information on the RCUK and ESFRI roadmaps please visit:
Research Councils UK Large Facilities Roadmap: European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures
(ESFRI) Roadmap:
www.rcuk.ac.uk/research/Infrastructure/Pages/lfr.aspx
www.ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_
en.cfm?pg=esfri-roadmap
with funds coming from several routes, in France, are established as private It is noteworthy that some
such as the facilities and industries companies governed by civil law. intergovernmental organisations, like
themselves or funding agencies. CERN, aim to achieve “juste retour,” which
Such facilities can establish their
represents a quantitative linkage between
Industry involvement at a development own internal governance procedures,
the contributions that a partner country
stage positions a company to receive including the rules under which they
makes to an LRF collaboration, and
contracts in that sector. It also allows purchase equipment and services, and
the benefits that it obtains in terms of
them to supply similar facilities that are not subject to EU procurement
contracts awarded and nationals hired.
may use similar technologies. requirements. Their internal rules are
usually decided upon and agreed by Juste retour can be a formal
Understanding the procurement
representatives of the funding member requirement, with strict accounting to
rules
states or partner country and are ensure that money contributed returns
Understanding the procurement rules intended to ensure a high level of cost to each partner as the infrastructure
of each LRF is key to bidding for, and efficiency, transparency and fairness to is built and operated. More often, it is
winning, tenders. Many have different the member states. a “soft” requirement, where benefits,
rules depending on their governance, the averaged over several years, are in
country they are located in and the local For example, CERN’s basis of
some kind of approximate proportion to
laws that apply. For example, research adjudication for supply contracts is
investments made.
infrastructures in the EU will follow the that a contract will be awarded to the
European procurement rules. These bidder with the lowest offer ((Free Carrier Overall, understanding which process
include UK research infrastructures such (FCA) price)), which complies with the will be applied during the assessment of
as the High-End Computing Terascale technical specification and delivery any bids is crucial for winning tenders.
Resource (HECToR) and the Science and requirements. This is applied even if a Table 2.1 presents a comprehensive list
Technology Facilities Council’s (STFC’s) bid offers a technically superior product. of factors to consider when identifying
Central Laser Facility and ISIS. If, however, suppliers in a member state and applying for business opportunities
cannot provide the equipment required from LRFs.
Other research facilities, like CERN, at a reasonable cost or if no technical
are funded by several countries and The next section looks at the types
alternative exists, then as an exceptional
have the status of intergovernmental of support UKTI offers in assisting UK
circumstance contracts can be placed
organisation. Others, like ILL and ESRF organisations to engage with LRFs
with non-member states.
around the world.

20. 20 Large Research Facilities
Table 2.1
Factors to consider when identifying and applying
for business opportunities from LRFs
Theme Area(s) Details
Networking and “Opening the door” Identify and make contact with key decision makers in the LRF (e.g., in procurement and technical functions)
communication “Making personal to:
contact” and “Gaining • Build your relationship and establish your business credentials on your skills base and industrial capability,
traction” • Gain general information/intelligence on doing business with that particular LRF,
• Understand and discuss with LRF officials aspects such as how the LRF operates, the requirements of a specific
tender and the intricacies of the procurement process.
Once your relationship is established, it ought to be easier to get responses to emails on specific questions you
may have regarding an existing or future business opportunity.
If in doubt, ask. Do not make any assumptions and do learn more about the LRF. This will help increase your
confidence about the LRF, its focus and what it is trying to achieve. This should help you construct any bid and
reduce risk in terms of time and cost.
UKTI and Industry Make contact with UKTI’s LRF Unit and Research Councils such as STFC and the Culham Centre for Fusion
Liaison Officers (ILOs) Energy (CCFE) to explore what help they can provide to your organisation. This could include participating in
overseas trade missions to LRFs or “meet-the-buyer” type events where key decision makers from LRFs are
going to be present.
Note: STFC has ILOs for CERN, ESRF, ILL and ESO, while CCFE has one for ITER.
Communications Maintain an open communication style which engenders trust and builds relationships with officials in the LRF.
strategy/flow Always reply to requests for information (for example, related to specific tendering opportunities/bids) even if it
is only to say thank -you. This will help maintain a healthy profile with LRF officials.
Marketing Marketing strategy, • Prominently position your brand when you approach LRFs and at the same time ensure that your marketing
brand management is fit for purpose and clearly linked to the business opportunity. For example, it is crucial to understand the
technical components of the tender, and how your organisation can deliver to the tender requirement. This
will help to present your case on technically challenging opportunities given the high risk content in some of
these projects.
• Emphasise quality standards, past and present customer base, key differentiators of your product/service/
technical capability from competitor organisations, and the ability to undertake the work and deliver it on
time/to cost.
Market research Most LRFs have procurement teams that undertake “market research” to ascertain what suppliers exist
nationally and globally. This activity is also referred to as “market survey”, a term used at CERN.
Some LRFs may restrict this search in the first instance to countries that provide funding to their organisation.
Market research can become part of the pre-qualification stage within the overall LRF procurement process.
Tendering Accessing tenders Regularly consult LRF websites for tender opportunities. For example, ITER opportunities can be found at http://
opportunities, fusionforenergy.europa.eu/procurementsgrants/industryportal.aspx while the STFC tender alert service can be
procurement, found at www.stfc.ac.uk/forms/tenderreg.aspx.
pricing, foreign Register your details with UKTI to receive notifications about business opportunities from LRFs.
exchange, over-
gilding Procurement • Understand the procurement rules, and seek clarity where needed from the procuring organisation. These
rules can be bureaucratic and stringent, irrespective of the organisation’s size.
• Timescales for applying for tenders vary and, at times, the window of opportunity can be limited.
• Do not over-step the mark in terms of capacity, capability and expertise when considering applying for a
tender.
• If you have never undertaken business with LRFs or do not have the experience of undertaking large contracts,
focus on the smaller contracts which can be successfully delivered. A small contract may seed a larger one in
due course.
Pricing • The lowest bid or “offer” which complies with the technical specification/delivery requirements can be the
basis of an adjudication for LRFs’ procurements in contrast to the best technical tender or other extra “value
add” considerations such as quality and longevity of products or service delivered. For example, CERN awards
contracts for industrial services to be executed on its site on a best-value-for-money basis.
• There is likely to be inflexibility from the LRF in the negotiation of the final contract in terms of price. Hence it
is important to seek clarification from the LRF about the scope for negotiation on this matter.
• Present a clear breakdown of prices (e.g. costs for design, specialised tooling, raw materials, testing/quality
assurance, transport) and factor in price increases to cover unforeseen changes in raw material and/or labour
costs
Exchange rate • Be aware of the price sensitivities of the procuring LRF, in particular due to fluctuating foreign exchange rates
fluctuations which can impact on your profit stream. In essence, never speculate in a currency in which you do not have
major exposure or conduct business.
Over-gilding • Don’t “over-gild” (give the buyer more than requested in the tender document and associated technical
specification).

21. Section A – Winning business from Large Research Facilities 21
Table 2.1 continued
Theme Area(s) Details
Business Local distributors Consider establishing your presence in a foreign market through a local distributor, especially in countries such as
arrangements/ South Korea and Taiwan where market access can be difficult because of language barriers.
processes A local distributor can help in identifying tenders before they are formally released into the open marketplace,
thereby giving you more time to consider the opportunity as well as for the application process. UKTI can help find
local agents through its Overseas Market Introduction Service.
Contractual • ommercial conditions in contracts from LRFs can be rigid (with almost no negotiation). For example:
C
conditions • onsequential and indirect losses might be unacceptable and unlimited liabilities are imposed on companies
C
delivering the contract by the LRF procuring the product or service. Some LRFs, such as CERN, do not impose the
condition that a contractor is liable for any indirect or consequential losses, except in cases of gross negligence
or wilful misconduct.
• he cap on contractor liabilities is high (e.g. twice the contract value for technical liabilities) or is ruled out by UK
T
corporate governance rules. For example, CERN normally caps the liability to the highest of (i) the contract price
or (ii) 1 million Swiss francs or (iii) the insured amount of the liable party’s applicable insurance policy (except
for personal injury or death and cases of gross negligence or wilful misconduct).
• here may be caps on what contractors can claim. For example, there might be an unrealistic ceiling on living expenses.
T
• ontract negotiations tend to be legalistic and led by the legal team. The technical team may be sidelined and
C
there may seem to be no independent exercise to establish the best technical tender.
• echnical officials often do not foresee contractual problems.
T
• ayment terms might be unhelpful, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises.
P
Do note that once contracts are placed by LRFs, they generally tend to run smoothly.
Contract termination Be clear about the impact and implication of contract termination. LRFs are likely to stipulate that they are not
liable for costs incurred by the contractor for raw materials, specific investments and tooling.
Sub-contractor If you are planning to sub-contract any work, be prepared to specify the nature of the sub-contracting, the names
of the proposed sub-contractors and the estimated value of the work to be performed by them. In order to minimise
risk, some LRFs might impose restrictions at the tendering phase as to the extent of sub-contracting.
Contract performance • ompanies will be judged not only on the offer price but also on the performance of the contract. Be prepared for
C
the monitoring of contract performance on a regular basis. If a contract has been awarded by an LRF, continually
inform its officials about progress, execution plans and delivery schedules, including any difficulties.
• ome LRFs might insist on detailed monitoring for non-standard products where the industry has no experience
S
in manufacturing specific products.
Scientific/ Partnerships • roactively network and consider partnering in the technical arena. This may help realise future business
P
technological opportunities. Do note that LRFs might include contractual clauses which sufficiently protect themselves against
development possible risks, especially where collaborative/joint development work is undertaken.
• larify the ownership and use of any intellectual property to be generated before any partnering arrangement
C
commences.
Market intelligence Keep abreast of developments in new or existing research infrastructures through roadmaps and LRF Industrial
Advisory Boards.
Also liaise with UKTI, as well as with ILOs at STFC and CCFE.
Intellectual Technical capability, • rotect your technical capability and know-how by thoroughly reviewing issues surrounding the ownership of
P
property rights know-how, licensing IPR, especially when developed in a consortium arrangement or between a company and the LRF.
(IPR) • Keep a clear inventory of background and foreground intellectual property.
• onsider licensing your technology, especially if you are concerned about IPR protection, enforcement and
C
access within a specific geographical market.
Relationship Cultures Be sensitive to cultural differences in doing business. For example, relationship-building and networking in Asia
development are key components to success. In contrast, in North America the business approach is more transactional.
Language Some tenders will be released only in a local language rather than in English. Therefore, pay particular attention
to the accurate translation of documents to ensure clarity in what an LRF requires. Also check which language the
bid needs to be submitted in, and thoroughly proofread the bid prior to submission. Always keep a copy of the bid
itself and any supporting documents.
Procurement and • orge a robust relationship with procurement officials and technical researchers. The former will help to explain
F
technical officials the procurement rules/procedures and identify technical officials. The latter will be able to talk in detail about the
specification of the tender.
• uilding good relationships in the long term will prove indispensable for future tendering needs/opportunities.
B
• e prepared to share your CV (and that of your team, including sub-contractors) if requested to do so.
B
These actions will help to establish your credibility and technical competency.
Consortia and Consortia formation Consider consortium formation with organisations in the host country where the LRF is located. This is likely to be
accessing viewed favourably by the procuring organisation. But be clear about the ownership of any IPR that is generated as
supply chains a consequence of the consortium’s work.
Supply chains Identifying and accessing supply chains can help win work from LRFs. This is especially true where a
UK company is not a primary contractor or the UK does not have sole expertise in a specific area of need. A local
distribution agent can also assist in accessing supply chains.

22. 22 Large Research Facilities
Table 2.2: Winning LRF contracts – how UKTI can help
UKTI Trade Support Services
• ndertaking the Overseas Market Introduction Service (OMIS) – a chargeable
U • rranging and facilitating general/bespoke networking activities between UK
A
but heavily subsidised activity which focuses on generating bespoke research organisations and senior officials at LRFs, such as with India’s NAL.
and business intelligence on existing and upcoming overseas LRFs; it • his activity focused on on partnering opportunities in airframe structures
T
highlights partners for creating consortia and identifies key areas of overseas work, research and technology collaborations in areas such as impact,
industrial and academic strength. crashworthiness, structural health monitoring, structural dynamics
• elivering a range of events and missions in the UK and abroad, for example:
D and aero elasticity, computational mechanics and simulation, fatigue
and structural integrity and up gradation of facilities at NAL’s Structural
• nformation days in the UK on partnering and business opportunities from
I Technologies Division.
the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project – Czech Republic, Hungary.
• onitoring of LRF tenders and alerting relevant companies to the
M
• K mission to a conference on business opportunities from ITER in
U opportunities through an industrial database of UK firms.
Barcelona, Spain and Cadarache, France.
• ngaging with officials in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
E
• Meet- the- buyer” event through outward and inward missions. For
“ on issues such as industry opportunities and concerns with procurement
example: processes in LRFs where the UK provides funding support directly or
• utward mission to CERN (Switzerland), ESRF (France) and ILL (France)
O indirectly, such as at CERN and ITER.
• nward missions to the UK from CERN (Switzerland), ESO (Germany), ELI
I
(Czech Republic and Hungary), New Karolinska Solna Hospital Project
(Sweden) and the National Aerospace Laboratories (India).
2.3 ow can UKTI help UK
H to highlight LRF opportunities to UK support services that can make doing
organisations succeed organisations. business internationally as easy as
with Large Research doing business in the UK.
While the focus of this publication is
Facilities to win contracts? on supporting UK organisations to win We can also provide budding and
contracts from LRFs worldwide, UKTI established exporters with tailored
UKTI can provide UK organisations with
helps to attract inward investors to bring packages of support in the form of local
a wealth of assistance ranging from
their high-quality investment to the UK market research, covering cultural,
market intelligence through to making
and, ideally, to set up in “science and political and business issues, and access
contacts at the right decision-making
innovation hubs” like the Harwell Oxford to key contacts.
level in LRFs around the world.
Science and Innovation Campus or in
A good way of promoting your expertise
We do this through our overseas one of the many science parks that exist
to international buyers and meeting
networks in British embassies and high in this country. A list of science parks
useful contacts is by attending UKTI-
commission’s around the world, and can be found at the United Kingdom
sponsored information days on specific
by working closely with the Science Science Park Association website, www.
business opportunities offered by
and Innovation Network (jointly funded ukspa.org.uk.
overseas LRFs. UKTI regularly brings
by the Department for Business,
The types of trade support that UKTI senior decision makers and technical
Innovation and Skills and the Foreign
provides are summarised in Table 2.2, staff from these research facilities to
Commonwealth Office), to identify
while Annex 5 provides contact details meet UK companies at these events.
overseas LRFs, to understand their
within UKTI.
procurement requirements and to This publication now shifts its focus
pursue relevant tendering opportunities. Whether you are venturing into selling to highlight capability in selected
to LRFs overseas for the first time, or technology areas where the UK has
In addition, UKTI partners with CCFE,
are an experienced exporter trying to world-leading industrial and academic
the Technology Strategy Board’s
break into existing and/or new facilities expertise. This is supplemented by a
Knowledge Transfer Networks and the
such as ELI, ESO, CERN or ITER, UKTI’s series of case studies of UK organisations
UK Research Councils (such as Science
dedicated team offers a range of trade which have won contracts from LRFs.
and Technology Facilities Council)

23. Section A – Winning business from Large Research Facilities 23
“ uilding the world’s best
B
telescopes and instruments
presents significant commercial
opportunities for UK industry,
working in partnership with
the UK Astronomy Technology
Centre, ESO and the University
instrumentation groups,
especially as we move toward
construction of the European
Extremely Large
Telescope.”
Professor Colin Cunningham
UK Extremely Large Telescope
Programme Director

24. 24 Large Research Facilities

25. Section B – UK capability in selected technology areas 25
Section B
UK capability
in selected
technology areas
“ e feel privileged to have been able to develop products in close
W
collaboration with world-leading neutron scientists from ISIS. Their
knowledge and expertise was crucial to the development of a range
of helium recondensing magnet products particularly well suited
to neutron scattering facilities. Delivering innovative systems to
a prestigious facility like ISIS also enhanced Oxford Instruments’
reputation and credibility as world leaders in superconducting
magnet systems. We have since been able to offer similar systems
to other key neutron scattering facilities in Europe, USA, Australia,
Japan and more recently China. This application area accounts for
around 10 per cent of our overall business, so it played a significant
part in the growth of Oxford Instruments NanoScience
over the last few years”
Dr Jim Hutchins
Managing Director
Oxford Instruments NanoScience

26. 26 Large Research Facilities
UK capability in selected technology areas
Table 3.1: Selected examples of UK organisations possessing cryogenic capability (indicating scope of supply)
Organisation Description Field/area of operation
Cryoconnect Cryoconnect is a specialist division of Tekdata’s Interconnect Systems, and deals solely with Cryogenic wiring and
cabling and interconnection solutions in cryogenic systems. Its cables are used in dilution interconnections
refrigerators, cryogenic systems, superconducting magnet systems, low-temperature detector
systems, infrared array systems, and general housekeeping on cryogenic systems of all scales.
Cryoconnect has supplied a range of LRFs such as ESO, CERN, CCFE and the James Webb Space
Telescope (which will be a large infrared- optimized space telescope with a 6.5-meter primary
mirror, and is an international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency and
the Canadian Space Agency).
CVT Ltd (see Case Study CVT Ltd manufactures ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chambers, systems and components for Manufacturing UHV chambers,
3.1) different application areas. The company’s facility is made up of computer numerical control high vacuum systems and
(CNC) machining, welding, UHV cleaning and electrical/electronics wiring, assembly and test components, related assembling,
for integrated systems. fabrication and computer-aided
design (CAD) services
Herose UK Herose develops and manufactures innovative valves for use in extreme temperatures between Cryogenic valves
−270°C and +400°C, special valves for air separation and valves for liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Herose also develops its range of cryogenic shut-off valves by using unique features that have
resulted in improvements to the sealing characteristics and also substantially reduced wear
during service life.
ICEoxford ICEoxford designs, manufactures and refurbishes specialist ultra-low temperature equipment Instruments, cryogenic
for the cryogenic research community. This includes wet systems, dry systems and thermometry and sensors
recondensing systems.
Monroe Brothers Ltd Monroe Brothers provides consultancy in the field of low-temperature engineering. It specialises Design, consultancy and
in technologies using liquid nitrogen at −196°C to provide fast and effective cooling for industrial custom-built systems
and scientific applications, and also liquid helium down to 1.4K for scientific applications.
Examples include pollution control with liquid nitrogen and superconducting magnet design
with liquid helium.
Oxford Cryosystems Ltd Oxford Cryosystems manufactures a range of coolers designed specifically for sample cooling in X-ray Coolers for Diffraction and
diffraction experiments. These include the Cobra, Desktop Cooler and Cryostream, the latter of which Cryocoolers
was first developed over 25 years ago in the Clarendon Laboratory at the University of Oxford.
Software has also been a traditional strength of the company, from the firmware used to
control low-temperature systems to specialist crystallographic software.
The company also manufactures the Coolstar range of Gifford McMahon coolers, and
is branching out into new applications for its cryocoolers such as high-temperature
superconductivity and astrophysics.
Oxford Instruments OINS creates high-performance cryogenic and cryogen-free environments for ultra-low Design, consultancy and
NanoScience (OINS) (see temperature and high magnetic field applications, including nanoscale characterisation, custom-built systems
Case Study 3.2) materials science and quantum computing.
It provides the most advanced experimental equipment and scientific instrumentation, from
“best in class” standard products to custom-built systems and tailored consultancy services.
The product range includes dilution refrigerators, superconducting magnets, optical and
spectroscopy cryostats and cryogenic spares and accessories, including a new range of
cryogenic temperature controllers and magnet power supplies.
3.1 Introduction the forefront in terms of technology
advancement and supplying toLRFs
The UK possesses a strong and vibrant
around the world. A capability analysis
academic and industrial base in a
of these areas now follows, supported
diverse range of high-technology areas,
by a series of case studies of UK
such as cryogenics, fusion energy,
organisations that have won contracts
high-performance computing, neutron
from LRFs. The reader is asked to note
scattering, muon spectroscopy, precision
that the organisations listed in Section B
engineering and synchrotron beamlines.
are purely to illustrate the UK’s capability
This capability plays a critical role in the high-technology areas where they
in ensuring that the UK remains at are mentioned.

27. Section B – UK capability in selected technology areas 27
Table 3.1 continued
Organisation Description Field/area of operation
Peco Cryogenics Peco Cryogenics is a specialist provider of vacuum-insulated technologies for cryogenic Vacuum-insulated cryogenic
handling. Their systems are suited to liquid nitrogen, helium and oxygen and provide the handling solutions
highest quality of liquid delivery with minimal transfer losses.
Scientific Magnetics Scientific Magnetics offers standard and tailor-made superconducting magnet and cryogenic Superconducting magnets
solutions. It also (i) develops a superconducting magnet system from the initial geometry of the
coils, through design to assembly, test and commissioning, (ii) manufactures superconducting
magnets for both low temperature and high-temperature superconductors, in circular and non-
circular geometries, (iii) designs and builds cryostats operating at temperatures down to 0.3K,
including normal and superfluid helium systems, zero boil-off (recondensing) and cryogen-free
superconducting magnet systems, and (iv) designs and builds cryogenic valve boxes and special
cryostats for a wide variety of applications.
Temati Temati is a specialist in cryogenic thermometry and a worldwide distributor of carbon ceramic Instruments, cryogenic
cryogenic temperature sensors. These sensors offer excellent performance and stability thermometry and sensors
in the harshest environments, coping well with magnetic fields, high-dose radiation, large
mechanical forces and vibration. They are also thermally very responsive as their relatively
large ceramic body has low thermal capacitance and absorbs and transmits heat faster than
normal sensors.
Temati has supplied to a range of LRFs overseas such as CERN, ITER and SRON Netherlands
Institute for Space Research.
Tesla Engineering Ltd Tesla Engineering Ltd manufactures resistive and superconducting electromagnets for particle Superconducting magnets
accelerators of all types, and produces specialised gradient coils for magnetic resonance
imaging scanners.
Tesla also supplies electromagnets for emerging applications, such as fusion research and the
semiconductor industry.
Thames Cryogenics Ltd Thames Cryogenics manufactures, installs and services cryogenic storage and distribution Cryogenic piping
equipment. It has supported the food industry, from fish freezing to breweries, but in the last
10 years its business has shifted over significantly to the life sciences sector. For example, it
worked with the UK Biobank to supply and install vacuum-insulated pipework from two large
liquid nitrogen storage tanks to feed over 40 of the largest, most efficient cryogenic freezers
available in the UK.
Thames Cryogenics and UK Biobank have now established a successful, long-term partnership
for the establishment and maintenance of this LRF.
Following on from its success with UK Biobank, Thames Cryogenics teamed up with Biomedica,
a Saudi Arabia-based specialist equipment supplier to bid for and win contracts in the cryogenic
field for the Biobank planned in the country by its health authority, National Guard Affairs.
Wessington Cryogenics Wessington Cryogenics is a worldwide manufacturer of cryogenic pressure vessels used for the Cryogenic vessels
Ltd transport and storage of cryogenic gases, including carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, argon,
helium and LNG, and has supplied to numerous customers across a diverse range of sectors.
These include LRFs such as CERN, NASA and RAL.
A particularly strong area for Wessington has been the design of custom-built and very large
liquid helium dewars as well as bespoke products such as mobile purge units designed and
developed at the request of Air Products.
3.2 Cryogenics In fact, many commercial organisations in and component suppliers has also
this field can trace their origins to, or have evolved around these organisations. This
The UK has exceptional strength in
links with, Oxford Instruments. One such concentration of cryogenic capability
cryogenic technology, catalysed by
entity is Siemens Magnet Technology, has resulted in the creation of the British
RD work undertaken by organisations
which is responsible for almost half the Cryogenics Cluster. Its membership is
such as the University of Oxford, Oxford
world’s production of magnetic resonance illustrated in Figure 3.1.
Brookes University, the Universities of
imaging scanner magnets.
Sheffield and Southampton, the Science In fact, almost “anything cryogenic”
and Technology Facilities Council’s The infrastructure of industrial gas can be sourced in this country, be it
(STFC’s) RAL Space, the Culham Centre companies (such as Air Products, which temperature sensors from Temati to
for Fusion Energy (CCFE) and Oxford supplies “coolant” gases such as liquid giant superconducting magnets from
Instruments. nitrogen) and specialist tiers of service STFC, as illustrated in Table 3.1. As
continued on page 30

28. 28 Large Research Facilities
Figure 3.1
Member organisations of the British Cryogenics Cluster

29. Section B – UK capability in selected technology areas 29
kT
kelvin Technology, Ltd.
KEEPING COOL
McNaughton
Dynamics