Introduction to the Study of Government and Constitution

1. GOVERNMENT and
CONSTITUTION
Prepared by: Mark Jhon C. Oxillo

2. 3 Reasons Why We Should
Study our Government
• It would make us a better
citizens of our Republic.
• We are the Government.
• It is our duty to do so.

3. STATE

4. STATE
•A group of people, living in a
definite territory, having a
government of their own, and
enjoying independence from other
countries
•It is also called a nation or
country

5. ELEMENTS OF A
STATE
1. People
2. Territory
3. Government
4. Sovereignty

6. PEOPLE
• The most important element of a
state. Without people, there can
be no state.
China – largest state (1 billion)
Vatican – smallest state (1,000)

7. TERRITORY
• The second essential element
of a state, there is no rule on the
size of territory to make a state.
(Vatican has the smallest
territory)

8. GOVERNMENT
•Is defined as the social
organization through which the
state carries out its will
• It came from the Latin word
“gubernaculum” which means
rudder.

9. SOVEREIGNTY
• Or Independence
•The supreme power of the state to
enforce its will upon its citizen. It
also means independence from
the control of other states

10. ORIGIN OF THE STATE
1. Divine Theory
2. Social Contract Theory
3. Force Theory

11. DIVINE THEORY
According to this theory, all
authority came from God.

12. SOCIAL CONTRACT
THEORY
According to this theory, the
state came about because
people agreed among
themselves to live under one
organized society.

13. FORCE THEORY
According to this theory,
countries come and go
because of force or
domination by different rulers.

14. 3 MAJOR FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
1. MONARCHY
2. ARISTOCRACY
3. DEMOCRACY

15. MONARCHY
Ruled by one person

16. ARISTOCRACY
Ruled by a few persons

17. DEMOCRACY
Ruled by majority (most)
of the people

18. Good And Bad Forms
Of Government
Monarchy –> Tyranny
Aristocracy –> Oligarchy
Democracy -> Mobocracy

19. Monarchy –> Tyranny
A monarchy becomes tyranny
when the King (Queen)
oppresses / maltreats the
people

20. Aristocracy –> Oligarchy
An aristocracy becomes
oligarchy when ruling families
or leaders seek for their own
benefit and not for the majority
of the people

21. Democracy -> Mobocracy
A democracy becomes
mobocracy when the people
cannot agree or cooperate with
each other, or the majority
abuse the minority

22. Branches of Government
1. Executive Branch
2. Legislative Branch
3. Judicial Branch

23. Executive Branch
It is composed of the President and
the Vice President who are elected
by direct popular vote and serve a
term of six years. The Constitution
grants the President authority to
appoint his Cabinet.

24. Legislative Branch
is authorized to make laws, alter, and
repeal them through the power
vested in the Philippine Congress.
This institution is divided into the
Senate and the House of
Representatives.

25. Judicial Branch
It evaluates and applies laws to
individual cases, and decides if laws
violate the Constitution. It is made up
of a Supreme Court (with 1 Chief
Justice and 14 Associate Justice) and
lower courts

26. Ways of Changing Government
1.Election to choose a new chief
executive or plebiscite to ratify a
constitution
2.Natural or accidental death of a Chief
Executive
3.Resignation or Voluntary Exile of Chief
Executive

27. Ways of Changing Government
4. Impeachment (trial and conviction) for
treason and other higher crimes
5. Revolution – massive, prolonged and
wide-spread uprising of people
6. Coup d’etat – military ouster of civilian
officials

28. Ways of Changing Government
7. Assassination (murder) of the Chief
Executive
8. Civil War – division of the country
9. Foreign Invasion – occupation by
foreign armed forces

29. CONSTITUTIO
N

30. CONSTITUTION
- is the most important law of a
country because it contains the
official declaration of the form of
government, its structure and
powers, and the rights and duties
of citizens

31. CONSTITUTION
Also called the “mother
of governments”

32. THE 1987
PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTIO
N

33. 1987 CONSTITUTION
Created on October 15,
1986 and was ratified on
February 2, 1987

34. PARTS OF A
CONSTITUTION
1. Preamble which expresses the
ideals of the nation
2. Definition of national Territory
3. Definition of Citizenship
4. Rights and Obligations of Citizens

35. PARTS OF A
CONSTITUTION
5. Right of Suffrage or Elections
6. The Functions of the government
(executive, legislative, judiciary)
7. Method of amending the constitution
8. Date of Effectivity

36. CONTENTS
OF THE 1987
CONSTITUTIO
N

37. CONTENTS OF THE 1987
CONSTITUTION
It contains a preamble and
eighteen self-contained articles
with a section numbering that
resets for every article.

38. PREAMBLE
introduces the constitution and
the source of sovereignty, the
people. It follows the pattern in
past constitutions, including an
appeal to God.

39. PREAMBLE
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and
a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”

40. ARTICLE I – National Territory
comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands
and waters embraced therein,
and all other territories over
which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction

41. ARTICLE II – Declaration of
Principles and State Policies
lays out the basic social and
political creed of the Philippines,
particularly the implementation of
the constitution and sets forth the
objectives of the government

42. ARTICLE III – Bill of Rights
Also known as “human rights”;
enumerates specific protections
against the abuse of state power,
most of which are similar to the
provisions of the U.S. Constitution

43. ARTICLE IV – Citizenship
defines the citizenship of
Filipinos. It enumerates two
kinds of citizens: natural-
born citizens and
naturalized citizens.

44. ARTICLE IV – Citizenship
2 Ways to Acquire Citizenship:
1. Jus Sanguinis - citizenship is mainly
acquired through a blood relationship
with Filipino citizens
2. Jus Soli - the right of anyone born in
the territory of a state to nationality or
citizenship

45. ARTICLE V – Suffrage
mandates various age and
residence qualifications to vote and
a system of secret ballots and
absentee voting. It also mandates a
procedure for overseas and disabled
and illiterate Filipinos to vote

46. ARTICLE VI – Legislative Department
ARTICLE VII – Executive Department
ARTICLE VIII – Judicial Department

47. ARTICLE IX – Constitutional
Commissions
establishes three constitutional
commissions: the Civil Service
Commission (CSC), the
Commission on Elections
(COMELEC), and the Commission
on Audit (COA)

48. ARTICLE X – Local Government
pursues for local autonomy and
mandates Congress to enact a
law for the local government, now
currently the Local Government
Code

49. ARTICLE XI – Accountability of
Public Officials
establishes the Ombudsman which is
responsible for investigating and prosecuting
government officials. It also vests upon the
Congress the power to impeach the
President, the Vice President, members of
the Supreme Court, and the Ombudsman

50. ARTICLE XII – National Economy and
Patrimony
Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIV – Education, Science and `
Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
Article XV – The Family
Article XVI – General Provisions
Article XVII – Amendments or Revisions
Article XVIII – Transitory Provisions

51. END