2. Organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of
gametes and in their union and subsequent development as
offspring.
3. Functions of Reproductive
System
• Production of
gametes
• Fertilization
• Development and
nourishment of a
new individual
• Production of sex
hormones
4. Formation of Gametes
The formation of
gametes in males
and females occurs
by a cell division
called meiosis
5. Male Reproductive
System
• Produces and
transfers sperm cells
to the female and
produces hormones
that influence sexual
functions and
behaviors. Consists of
testes, accessory
structures, ducts, and
penis
6. Scrotum
Sac-like structure
containing the testes
• Dartos Muscle -
Layer of loose
connective tissue
and a layer of
smooth muscle
• Cremaster Muscles
– extensions of
abdominal muscles
into the scrotum
7. Testes
• Also called Male gonads
• Oval organs, 4-5 cm long,
within the scrotum
• Seminiferous tubules –
sperm cells develop
• Germ cells – embedded
in the sustentacular
cells
• Sustentacular cells or
Sertoli – large and
extended from the
periphery to the lumen
of seminiferous tubule
• Interstisial cells or Leydig
Cells – secretes
testosterone
9. Ducts
After their production, sperm cells
are transported through the
seminiferous tubules and series
of ducts to the exterior of the
body
Rete testis – tubular network
where in seminiferous tubule of
each testis empties
Efferent ductules – carry sperm
cells from the testis to a tightly
coiled series of threadlike tubules
that form a comma shaped
structure on the posterior side of
the testis called epididymis
Epididymis – sperm cells
continue to mature until the time
it can swim and bind to oocytes
Capacitation – occur after
ejaculation of semen into the
vagina prior to fertilization
10. Ductus Deferens
Also called vas deferens
45 cm
Contains smooth muscle
which contracts in
peristaltic waves to propel
sperm cells from the
epididymis through the
ductus deferens
emerges from the
epididymis and ascends
along the posterior side of
the testis to become
associated with the blood
vessels and nerves that
supply the testis which
forms the spermatic cord
11. Seminal vesicle and
ejaculatory duct
Seminal Vesicle – sac
shaped gland
Ejaculatory duct – short
duct extends from the
seminal vesicle to the
ampulla of the ductus
deferens join
Urethra – passageway for
urine and male
reproductive fluids
• Urinary bladder to distal
end of the penis
• Prostatic urethra
• Membranous urethra
• Spongy urethra
12. Penis
Male organ of copulation and
functions in the transfer of sperm
cells from the male to the female
Three columns of erectile tissue:
• Two columns forms the dorsal
portion and the sides of the penis
and are called corpora cavenosa
• Third column – smaller and
occupies the ventral portion of
penis and is called corpus
spongiosum
• Glans penis – expands over the
distal end of the penis to form a
cap
• Prepuce – loose fold of skin that
covers the glans penis
13. Glands
The seminal vesicles are
glands consisting of many
saclike structures located
next to the ampulla of the
ductus deferens.
Two glands
1. Prostate gland
• consists of both glandular and
muscular tissue
• Size and shape of walnut
• Surrounds the urethra and two
ejaculatory ducts
• Consists of capsule and
numerous partitions
• 10-20 short ducts that carry
the secretions of the prostate
gland to the prostatic urethra
14. 2. Bulbourethrel glands
• Also called as cowper’s
gland
• Pair of small, mucus
secreting glands located
near the base of the
penis
• Size of a pea but they
decrease in size with
age
• A single duct from each
gland enters the urethra
15. Puberty
• Sequence of events by which
a child is transformed into a
young adult
• Begins at ages 12-14
• Completed at the age of 18
• Testosterone
• Major male hormone secreted
by the testes
• Necessary for spermatogenesis
• Secondary male
characteristics
• Hair distribution and growth
• Skin texture
• Fat distribution
• Skeletal muscle growth
• Changes in the larynx
16. Male sexual behavior and
the male sex act
Testosterone is
required for normal
sexual behavior
• Male sex act
• Emission
• Ejaculation
• Orgasm (Climax
• Resolution
18. Disorders
(Causes and Treatment)
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
• Also called Impotence
• Inability to achieve erections
• Caused by reduced testosterone
secretion resulting from
hypothalamic, pituitary, or
testicular complications
• Due to defective stimulation of
that erectile tissue by nerve fibers
or reduced response of the blood
vessels to neutral stimulation
• Can be corrected by taking oral
medications such as sildenafil
(Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), or
verdanafil (Livitra), or by having
specific drugs injected to the
base of the penis
• These drugs increases blood flow
into the erectile tissue of the
penis, resulting in erection for
many minutes
19. Infertility
• Reduced or diminished fertility
• Caused by low sperm cell count
due to damage in the testes as a
result of trauma, radiation,
cryptorchidism or infections such
as mumps, which blocks the
ducts in the epididymis
• Also caused by inadequate
secretion of luteinizing hormone
and follicle-stimulating hormone
• Fertility can be achieved by
collecting several ejaculations,
concentrating the sperm cells and
inserting them into the female’s
reproductive tract, a process
called artificial insemination
Reference: Seeley’s Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Eight Edition
