Mark Goldstein, President, International Research Center (http://www.researchedge.com/) presented on the Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends exploring the next Internet wave, the Internet of Things (IoT), expected to connect tens of billions of new sensors and devices in the coming years. Waves of change will roll through home, business, government, industrial, medical, transportation, and other complex ecosystems. This presentation examines how IoT will be implemented and monetized creating new business models from pervasive sensor deployments and data gathering, accompanied by new privacy and security risks. And it explores IoT’s roadblocks and operational challenges, emerging standards and protocols, gateway and wireless integration, and big data strategies and opportunities.

1. Internet of Things
Innovations & Megatrends
Wednesday, December 2, 2015
Mark Goldstein, International Research Center
PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389,
markg@researchedge.com, URL: http://www.researchedge.com/
© 2015 - International Research Center
Arizona Chapter
Phoenix Chapter

2. Internet of Things (IoT) Presentation Outline
IoT Overview and Ecosystems
IoT Computing Platforms and Sensors
IoT Gateway and Network Connections
IoT Application Arenas
• Consumer and Home Automation
• Wearables
• Healthcare and Life Science
• Retail and Logistics
• Industrial
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Cities and Environment
• Transportation
IoT Security and Privacy
IoT Standards and Organizations
IoT Data Applications and Business Models

3. IoT Overview and Ecosystems

6. (Gateway)

12. Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem Conceptual Rendering
Source: IEEE Computer - Imagineering an Internet of Everything 6/14

13. Source: Aeris Communications

14. Typical End-to-End IoT Architecture Solutions

16. IoT Computing Platforms

17. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/
embedded/embedded-design-center.html

18. Arduino Mega 2560
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Nwazet Pi Media Center
Night Vision Camera Modules
MicroSD Card Adapter
BLE Mini Bluetooth 4.0 Interface
Arduino, Raspberry & Other Microcontrollers
Ultimate GPS Breakout
UDOO Quad Core w/SATA

19. Vilros Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Ultimate Camera Kit
Raspberry Pi 2
Model B (900Mhz,
1GB) with 8GB SD
Card/Adapter with
NOOB, Wi-Fi
Adapter, 5mp
Camera Module,
Breadboard, GPIO
Ribbon Cable,
Breakout Board,
Jumpers, Resistors,
LEDs, User Guide,
Case, Power Supply
and more
http://www.vilros.com/

20. Intel Galileo Microcontroller
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/do-
it-yourself/galileo-maker-quark-board.html
Complements & extends the Arduino line of products

21. https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-zero/
The Raspberry Pi Zero is half the size of
a Model A+, with twice the utility. A tiny
Raspberry Pi that’s affordable enough
for any project!
• 1Ghz, Single-core CPU
• 512MB RAM
• Mini HDMI & USB On-The-Go ports
• Micro USB power
• HAT-compatible 40-pin header
• Composite video & reset headers
• Can utilize Raspbian Jessie OS Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Starter Pack
http://www.adafruit.com/products/2816
65 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm

22. http://www.ti.com/product/cc2541
The Texas Instruments
CC2541 is a power-
optimized true system-on-
chip (SoC) solution for
both Bluetooth low energy
and proprietary 2.4-GHz
applications. It enables
robust network nodes to
be built with low total bill-
of-material costs. The
CC2541 combines the
excellent performance of a
leading RF transceiver
with an industry-standard
enhanced 8051 MCU, in-
system programmable
flash memory, 8-KB RAM,
and many other powerful
supporting features and
peripherals. The CC2541 is
highly suited for systems
where ultralow power
consumption is required.
TI CC2541 SOC

23. Intel’s Edison computer is housed in an SD card form factor and comes with built-
in Linux and both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless. The computer, which is based on
Intel's 22-nanometer Quark chips, can be the basis for a new wave of products
and will become available summer 2014. Source: eWeek

24. Intel Curie Module Unleashing Wearable Device Innovation
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en
/wearables/wearable-soc.html
Intel’s Curie module is a complete low-
power solution for the wearable space
with compute, motion sensor, Bluetooth
Low Energy, and battery charging
capabilities.
Key Features:
• Low-power, 32-bit Intel Quark SE SoC
• 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM
• Small and efficient open source real-
time operating system (RTOS)
• Low-power integrated DSP sensor hub
with a proprietary pattern matching
accelerator
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• 6-Axis combo sensor with
accelerometer and gyroscope
• Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)
• Released January, 2015

25. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/compute-stick/intel-compute-stick.html
Intel Compute Stick

26. This summer, ASUS will launch a new type of Chrome device: the Chromebit.
Smaller than a candy bar, the Chromebit is a full computer that will be available
for less than $100. By simply plugging this device into any display, you can turn it
into a computer. It’s the perfect upgrade for an existing desktop and will be really
useful for schools and businesses.
Source: http://chrome.blogspot.com/2015/03/more-chromebooks-for-everyone.html
ASUS Chromebit Turns Any TV into a Chrome PC
• Rockchip RK3288 (with quad-core Mali 760 graphics)
• 2GB of RAM, 16GB of solid state storage
• Plugs into any HDMI-equipped display
• Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0, USB 2.0 port

27. IoT Sensors

33. SunFounder 37 Modules Raspberry Pi B+ Sensor Kit
http://www.sunfounder.com/index.php?c=show&id=47&model=Sensor%20Kit%20for%20B+
Detailed tutorial, source code
& 32 lessons on project DVD

34. “Horizon 2020: Sensors
Source: Telecom Italia

35. Sensor Cluster Trends for Mobile Phones
(Inertial Measurement Units)
AMS AV-MLV-P2 is a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor which can detect
alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

36. Source: EDN Magazine
Wikipedia on Smart Dust:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartdust
Wikipedia on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network
Smart Dust Motes for
Wireless Sensor
Networks
(WSN)
Multihop Wireless Sensor Network

40. IoT Gateway and
Network Connectons

45. Source: Intel
https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/www/us/en/embedded/solutions/iot-gateway/overview.html

46. The NetComm 3G-4G and Wi-Fi Wireless M2M Router utilizes the speed and performance
capabilities of a LTE/4G network to deliver seamless M2M connectivity for a broad range of
M2M applications. The NTC-140W features two Gigabit Ethernet ports and high speed Wi-Fi
connectivity making it an ideal device for high speed networking. The device also features
vehicle voltage support, GPS and Ignition input making it ideal for mobile assets and
transportation applications. The NTC-140W creates point-to-point and point-to-multi-point
communication enabling the secure collection and analysis of data from remote and
unmanned applications. The NTC-140W’s powerful processor delivers optimal performance
and its embedded NetComm Linux OS and Software Development Kit (SDK) offers the end
user the capability to install custom firmware to the on-board flash memory via the
programming interface. Built in VPN clients also ensure a secure connection over a public
mobile network. See http://www.netcommwireless.com/product/4g/ntc-140w
NetComm NTC-140W

47. EPM2M-LORA Wireless Gateway
Source: Embedded Planet
http://www.embeddedplanet.com/

48. Telit m2m AIR Mobile Core Service
http://www.telit.com/

51. M2M Unlicensed Wireless Communications Comparison
Source: IEEE 802.11ah: The Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications Paper 10/14

53. Why the Present 802.11 Technology is Inadequate:
• Absence of power-saving mechanisms: The energy constraints of sensor networks are not
considered in the current IEEE 802.11 standard.
• Unsuitable bands: Due to their short wireless range and high obstruction losses, existing
Wi-Fi bands require the use of intermediate nodes, adding complexity to the network.
IEEE 802.11ah Requirements to Support M2M Communications:
• Up to 8,191 devices associated with an access point (AP) through a hierarchical identifier
structure
• Carrier frequencies of approximately 900 MHz (license-exempt) that are less congested
and guarantee a long range
• Transmission range up to 1 km in outdoor areas
• Data rates of at least 100 kbps
• One-hop network topologies
• Short and infrequent data transmissions (data packet size approximately 100 bytes and
packet inter-arrival time greater than 30 s)
• Very low energy consumption by adopting power saving strategies
• Cost-effective solution for network device manufacturers
IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications
http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgah_update.htm
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/802-11ah-wi-fi-protocol-for-iot-solves-two-m2m-problems/

54. Typical Cellular IoT Use Cases
Source: 4G Americas

56. Source: Ericson

58. Consumer and Home Automation

63. https://nest.com/thermostat/life-with-nest-thermostat/

65. LEDs can be engineered to produce practically any desired spectrum of visible
light. Blue or violet LEDs pump mixes of phosphors, which down-convert some of
the light and mix with the pump color to produce something humans perceive as
white light. Near-monochrome LEDs, whose spectrum amounts to a single sharp
peak, can be mixed at varying intensities to produce light of any apparent color in
a wide gamut. Hue is controlled over WiFi. The bulbs and router talk amongst
themselves using a wireless mesh network protocol called ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4.
Source: Phillips (http://meethue.com/en-us/)

66. Sengled Pulse
AwoX StriimLIGHT
MiPow PlayBulb Color
Klipsch LightSpeakers
http://www.klipsch.com/lightspeaker-
in-ceiling-lighting-and-audio-systemhttp://www.playbulb.com/en/playbulb-color.html
http://www.awox.com/connected
-lighting/awox-striim-light/
http://www.sengled.com/product/pulse
LED Light Bulbs That Play Audio

67. Japanese Super Toilet: This luxury toilet from Japan has controls for almost every
aspect of the bathroom experience. It can warm the seat, give a massage, play
music, adjust the height and temperature of the bidet stream (that plastic tube
allows the tester in the showroom to see the height of the stream without getting
water on the floor), and much more. It can even make flushing sounds -- without
actually flushing -- to cover up the sounds of embarrassing body functions.
Source: Contractor Magazine 4/15

69. Wearables

71. Source: Beecham Research

72. Source: Deloitte Tech Trends 2014

73. Garmin vívofit
http://sites.garmin.com/vivo/

74. Polar V800 GPS Sports Watch
http://www.polar.com/en/products/maximize_performance/running_multisport/V800

75. https://www.apple.com/watch/
Shipping April, 2015
Apple Watch

76. http://mimobaby.com/
Add Pacif-i
Bluetooth
Smart Pacifier
for Temperature
Mimo Smart Baby Monitor
http://bluemaestro.com/pacifi-smart-pacifier/

78. “You can lie to me, you can lie to your trainer,
you can even lie to yourself, but you can’t lie to your Fitbit.”

79. Healthcare and Life Sciences

80. Source: The Atlantic Council & Intel Security

81. Atomo Diagnostics is a medical technology company bringing next generation rapid diagnostic
solutions to market and radically changing the way that we diagnose disease. AtomoRapid has
launched in Africa and the UK, and USA market entry is underway. The AtomoRapid blood
testing platform can accommodate test strips for a wide variety of conditions from celiac
disease, allergy through to infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV. Also offering
AtomoRapid to leading diagnostic companies interested in converting their rapid tests onto
this revolutionary rapid test platform.
http://atomodiagnostics.com/
AtomoRapid Blood Testing Platform

82. Source: IEEE Spectrum 11/14
Perspiration Biosensor Patches

83. A successful Kickstarter project with over $2.76 million in funding,
the SCiO pocket molecular sensor lets users scan and obtain
information about the chemical makeup of materials and physical
objects. Once an item is scanned, the chemical makeup is
compared against items in a cloud-based database, and the
information about the item is sent back to a smartphone. The device
is capable of scanning food (for nutritional information), medicines,
plants (for health purposes), oils, plastics, wood and more. The
device works by shining a light on an object and using a
spectrometer to analyze the properties of the light reflected back.
Source: Network World
SCiO Pocket Molecular Sensor
https://www.consumerphysics.com/myscio/

84. Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring Patent Landscape
Source: KnowMade/Yole
http://i-micronews.com/component/hikashop/product/non-invasive-glucose-monitoring-patent-landscape.html

85. Medtronic Micra Pacemaker
http://newsroom.medtronic.com/phoenix.zhtml
?c=251324&p=irol-newsarticle&id=1883208 Ron Wilson
World's Smallest,
Minimally Invasive
Cardiac Pacemaker
Delivered directly
into the heart
through a catheter
inserted in the
femoral vein
at AZBio

86. http://www.qualcommtricorderxprize.org/
DMI Tricorder Project
MESI Modular
Tricorder Concept
Cloud DX Bio

87. Continua Health Alliance Enables the
Personal Health Information Network (PHIN)
Source: Continua Health Alliance (http://www.continuaalliance.org/)

88. Health Information Exchange Using Electronic Health Record Technology
Source: U.S. GAO

89. National Health Information Network (NHIN)
http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&mode=2&cached=true&objID=1142

90. Retail and Logistics

91. Beacon Enabled Local Retail Offer Service
Source: GSA

92. Swirl iBeacon Platform and Ecosystem
http://www.swirl.com/

93. Source: Cisco Presentation "The Digital Retail Store IoT" 2014

95. Industrial

98. Source: Intel

100. Source: LNS Research

102. Source: LNS Research

103. Wireless Connection Technologies for Industrial IoT
Source: Texas Instruments

104. Source: LNS Research

105. Smart Buildings

106. Source: Memoori 2014

107. Intelligent Buildings Value Chain
Source: Frost & Sullivan

108. Enterprise Internet of Things (EIoT)
Source: Cisco

110. Smart Cities and Environments

111. Source: FutureStructure Water, Waste & Energy Systems 6/14

112. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/09/04/cities-of-the-future-what-do-they-look-
like-how-do-we-build-them-and-whats-their-impact/
Cities of the Future: What Do They Look Like, How
Do We Build Them and What's Their Impact?

113. Source: The New York Times 9/25/10

114. The Intel Intelligent Systems Framework provides a consistent framework for
connectivity, security, and manageability. Flexible developer ‘recipes’ use
scalable, off-the-shelf elements that in turn, shift resource investments from
interoperability to extracting value from data.
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/embedded/intelligent-systems.html

115. Source: Ayushi Agrawal/Apple 2015
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/big-data-analytics-internet-things-ayushi-agrawal

117. 1) A growing adoption and awareness of the smart city concept by an expanding set of
government leaders. Not only does IDC see more demand for strategy development and
implementation road maps, but the requests come from cities, counties, states and central/federal
government agencies. We predict that by 2017, at least 20 of the world’s largest countries will
create national smart city policies to prioritize funding and document technical and business
guidelines.
2) A high variability in understanding the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the
benefits and challenges that must be considered from new types of mobile and connected
things (drones, wearables, connected cars). We continue to see many of the same cities
investing in the smart city IoT, but even for cities with pilot projects, there is a lack of citywide
strategy at the level of guidelines for implementations. As such, we predict that in 2016, 90 percent
of cities worldwide will lack a comprehensive set of policies on the public and private use of drones,
sensors and devices. This will result in increased privacy and security risks. Similarly, we see a
more acute and faster adoption of public safety and transportation IoT investment, often without a
strategic framework, which IDC believes will lead to more project risk and wasted spending, such
as spending on duplicative systems or devices.
3) Information from social media, crowdsourcing and sharing economy companies will have
a greater impact on cities. Cities are grappling with how to ingest this data into systems and put it
to use. Not only is this data unstructured in the form of text, video, images and audio, but it also
comes from a variety of sources that exist independent of government. This presents a challenge
since data from these sources can be highly relevant and useful for improving government services.
The Waze traffic app is a great example of this — crowdsourced traffic information for commuters, if
integrated with systems in the transportation management center, would help operators update
digital signs more quickly, potentially adjust traffic signals and dispatch responders more quickly.
But getting this information into existing systems is not a simple task. Source: IDC
3 Smart City Trends to Expect in 2016

118. The Array of Things (AoT) is an NSF grant
funded urban sensing project to implement a
network of interactive, modular sensor boxes
that will be installed around Chicago to
collect real-time data on the city’s
environment, infrastructure, and activity for
research and public use. The nodes will
initially measure temperature, barometric
pressure, light, vibration, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone,
ambient sound intensity, pedestrian and
vehicle traffic, and surface temperature.
Continued research and development will
help create sensors to monitor other urban
factors of interest such as flooding and
standing water, precipitation, wind, and
pollutants. See: http://arrayofthings.github.io/

119. In a study of air pollution, a small pollution sensor was used to measure black carbon level
continuously, combined with an Android smartphone with CalFit software for recording GPS
information on user location. The indoor/outdoor study of 54 Barcelona schoolchildren was
associated with BREATHE, an epidemiological study of the relation between air pollution
and brain development. The researchers conclude that mobile technologies could contribute
valuable new insights into air pollution exposure. Source: Kurzweil AI
http://www.kurzweilai.net/turning-smartphones-into-personal-real-time-pollution-location-monitors
Smartphones as Personal, Real-Time Pollution-Location Monitors

120. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Potential Applications

121. Transportation

122. Intelligent Transportation with IoT
Source: Intel

123. Intel In-Vehicle Solutions on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk2XNc7qyJ0

124. Connected Cars On Board Safety & Security Features
Source: Infineon Technologies AG

125. Intel’s Road to Autonomous Driving
Intel In-Vehicle Solutions on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk2XNc7qyJ0

126. Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) and Smart Grid Ecosystem
Source: Electronic Design Magazine 6/10

127. Vehicle Terminal Service Architecture
Source: Intel

128. Vehicle Terminal Software Architecture
Source: Intel

132. IoT Security and Privacy

134. IoT Data Security Flow
Source: Aeris Communications

135. Source: PubNub

136. Source: Atmel

137. Recent Google Patent (20150061859) for
Security Scoring in a Smart-Sensored Home

138. Source: Auth0 (https://auth0.com/)

139. Companies Most Trusted with Personal Data

140. Activities Consumers Consider
Violations of Their Privacy

142. IoT Standards and Organizations

143. Source: IEEE Computer - Imagineering an Internet of Everything 6/14
Information Flow Between the Cyber and Physical Worlds

146. http://openinterconnect.org/

147. http://www.upnp.org/
Universal Plug and Play Forum

148. IoT Groups Merge Efforts
OIC taps UPnP, eschewing rival AllSeen
The Open Interconnect Consortium will acquire assets of and combine its
technologies with those of the Universal Plug and Play Forum, a fifteen-year old
group focused on automating links between PCs and peripherals typically over
Wi-Fi. By adopting the UPnP’s widely used service discovery software and likely
many of its members, OIC will bolster its position as an applications-layer
software stack for the Internet of Things.
All sides agree the IoT is encumbered with too many competing and overlapping
platforms, networks, protocols and frameworks as the result of a land grab for
what is seen as the next big thing. With the deal, OIC gets an edge over its closest
rival, the AllSeen Alliance. However it’s not clear whether it gets the heft it will
need to stand out against the two giants in this space – Google’s Thread/Weave
and Apple’s HomeKit.
Currently, AllSeen has a lead in the market with more than 185 members and
shipping products using its specifications. OIC, which has about 100 members,
expects first products using its recently ratified spec to appear at CES in January.
Both OIC and AllSeen are hosted by the Linux Foundation.
Source: EE Times 11/23/15

149. http://www.w3.org/WoT/
http://www.w3.org/WoT/IG/

150. http://www.iiconsortium.org/test-beds.htm

151. https://www.shodan.io/

152. IoT Data Applications
and Business Models

153. https://www.abiresearch.com/pages/what-is-internet-everything/

154. Future X Network Enabling a New Digital Era
Source: Bell Labs Consulting

155. Megatrends Driving Significant Profile Shifts
Source: Gartner 8/15

156. Source:
Gartner
Top 10
Strategic IT
Technology
Trends for
2016

162. Internet of Things (IoT) Case Summaries

163. Characteristics of Internet of Things (IoT) Data

164. IoT Analytics Value Maturity Framework

165. Source: LNS Research

166. Internet of Things (IoT) Roadblocks
Those making their first foray into connected products can improve the success of their IoT programs by
understanding the following hazards.
• Too many inputs and too much data – Having too much data is nearly as bad as not having enough.
It’s easy to get excited about the promise of new technology. But overdoing it on early programs can
result in data explosion that overwhelms IT systems as well as stakeholders.
• Too many alarms – Nothing guarantees organizational disengagement from a supposedly smart
system than many “false positive” errors. False alarms are the spam of the IIoT world. They drown out
the actual errors and condition stakeholders to ignore system feedback.
• Missed critical alarms – If false positives are frustrating, a false negative can be catastrophically
damaging depending upon the system. No notification or late notification of a potential safety concern
can cause product, personnel, environmental or secondary damage, and can bring the program into
question.
• Unclear guidance – Feedback must be actionable, correct, and timely to the multiple stakeholders
involved. Feedback that is unclear or requires time-consuming offline analysis substantially reduces
system value.
• Unprepared Organization – connected products often require “connected organizations”.
Organizations may need to work together in new and different ways to realize revenue and margin
projections.
• Customer Backlash – Even in cases where the customer clearly has the most to gain through a newly
connected product, there is a risk of customer backlash. Consumer privacy and security risks are
substantial concerns carrying the specter of legal action. Additionally, there is a risk of Government
charges. This US Federal Trade Commission Report provides a good overview of possible risks as
well as the FTC’s recommendations.
• Perceived cost versus benefit – Ideally, the success of an IIoT-enabled product would be easily
quantified. Cost for a connected product can be high, once infrastructure costs are considered. Costs
are often easier to measure than success, particularly if success is tied to lagging and less correlated
metrics such as customer satisfaction. Subjective comparison of cost versus success puts a program
at risk. Without positive proof of value and clearly defined and accepted targets, a single large adverse
event can undermine the program. Source: LNS Research

169. Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies
Source: Gartner 7/15

170. Source: Telecoms.com/BCN (GE and Pitney Bowes are partnering on industrial IoT)