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Sesame
Mariano Rodriguez-Muro,
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

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Disclaimer
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License
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This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
Material for these slides has been taken from

Programming the Semantic Web (Chapter 8)
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Sesame’s documentation

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Reading material
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Programming the Semantic Web Chapter 8
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Sesame user guide http://www.openrdf.org/doc/sesame2/users/
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See also Jetty 8
http://download.eclipse.org/jetty/stable-8/dist/

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Overview

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Overview
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Sesame
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History
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Overview
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Repository API
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Creating a Repository
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Repository connections
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Sesame Console
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Sesame workbench

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Overview and History
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Open source Java for storage
and querying RDF
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By Aduna for the On-ToKnowledge EU project
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RDF inference
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RDF IO (all file formats)
Now developed by Nlnet
foundation, Ontotext and
community volunteers
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JDBC-like user API
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Available at
www.openrdf.org
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RESTful HTTP interface
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SPARQL Protocol support
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Easy learning curve, great
management features

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Sesame components
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RDF Model: contains all basic
entities
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Repository API: high level API with
developer-methods
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Rio: parsers and writers
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HTTP Server: Java Servlets to
access Sesame repos
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Sail: low level API for RDF stores
and inferencers (abstraction)
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HTTPClient: Abstraction layer to
access HTTP Servers

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Repository API

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Repository API
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Developer-focused API
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In contrast with Jena, in Sesame RDF models are not handled
by the user (normally), instead we use Repositories.
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Vendors provide triple stores as Repository implementations
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Sesame provides the following repository implementations:
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Main memory
Native RDF repository
Remote repository (HTTP proxy)
To use Sesame repositories, these must be stacked in Sails,
i.e., stacks of layered behavior

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Creating a repository
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An in-memory repo
Repository myRepository = new SailRepository(new MemoryStore());
myRepository.initialize();
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An in-memory repo with persistance
File dataDir = new File("c:tempmyRepository");
Repository myRepository = new SailRepository( new
MemoryStore(dataDir) );
myRepository.initialize();

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Creating a repository
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a native RDF repository
File dataDir = new File("/path/to/datadir/");
Repository myRepository = new SailRepository(new NativeStore(dataDir));
myRepository.initialize();
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a native RDF repository with custom indexes
File dataDir = new File("/path/to/datadir/");
String indexes = "spoc,posc,cosp";
Repository myRepository =
new SailRepository(new NativeStore(dataDir, indexes));
myRepository.initialize();

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Creating a repository
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a remote Repository
String sesameServer = "http://example.org/sesame2";
String repositoryID = "example-db";
Repository myRepository = new HTTPRepository(sesameServer,
repositoryID);
myRepository.initialize();

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Using a repository:
RepositoryConnection
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JDBC like-interface
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Operations
 add triples by file, URI,
Statement
 query using SPARQL
SELECT, ASK or Construct
queries
 create, retrieve, remove
individual statements
 prepared queries
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Transaction support
 commit(), rollback()

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Adding to a repository
File file = new File("/path/to/example.rdf");
String baseURI = "http://example.org/example/local";
try {
RepositoryConnection con = myRepository.getConnection();
try {
con.add(file, baseURI, RDFFormat.RDFXML);
URL url = new URL("http://example.org/example/remote");
con.add(url, url.toString(), RDFFormat.RDFXML);
}
finally {
con.close();
}
}
catch (…)

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Querying a repository (tuple)
RepositoryConnection con = myRepository.getConnection();
try {
String queryString = “SELECT …. “;
TupleQuery tupleQuery =
con.prepareTupleQuery(SPARQL, queryString);
TupleQueryResult result = tupleQuery.evaluate();
try {
.... // do something with the result
}
finally {
result.close();
}
}
finally {
con.close();
}

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Tuple queries (cont)
while (result.hasNext()) {
BindingSet bindingSet = result.next();
Value valueOfX = bindingSet.getValue("x");
Value valueOfY = bindingSet.getValue("y");
// do something interesting with the values here...
}
List<String> bindingNames = result.getBindingNames();
while (result.hasNext()) {
BindingSet bindingSet = result.next();
Value firstValue =
bindingSet.getValue(bindingNames.get(0));
Value secondValue =
bindingSet.getValue(bindingNames.get(1));
// do something interesting with the values here...
}

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TupleQueryResultHandler
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("/path/to/result.srx");
try {
SPARQLResultsXMLWriter sparqlWriter = new
SPARQLResultsXMLWriter(out);
RepositoryConnection con = myRepository.getConnection();
try {
String queryString = "SELECT * FROM {x} p {y}";
TupleQuery tupleQuery =
con.prepareTupleQuery(QueryLanguage.SERQL, queryString);
tupleQuery.evaluate(sparqlWriter);
}
finally {
con.close();
}
}
finally {
out.close();
}

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Evaluating Graph queries
GraphQueryResult graphResult = con.prepareGraphQuery(
QueryLanguage.SPARQL, "CONSTRUCT ….").evaluate();
while (graphResult.hasNext()) {
Statement st = graphResult.next();
// ... do something with the resulting statement here.
}

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RDF Handler
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Equivalent for TupleQueryResultHandler > RDFHandler
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Examples: RDFXMLWriter, TurtleWriter, etc.
TurtleWriter turtleWriter = new TurtleWriter(System.out);
con.prepareGraphQuery(QueryLanguage.SPARQL,
"CONSTRUCT …").evaluate(turtleWriter);

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Adding individual statements
ValueFactory f = myRepository.getValueFactory();
URI alice = f.createURI("http://example.org/people/alice");
URI bob = f.createURI("http://example.org/people/bob");
URI name = f.createURI("http://example.org/ontology/name");
URI person = f.createURI("http://example.org/ontology/Person");
Literal bobsName = f.createLiteral("Bob");
Literal alicesName = f.createLiteral("Alice");
RepositoryConnection con = myRepository.getConnection();
con.add(alice, RDF.TYPE, person);
con.add(alice, name, alicesName);
con.add(bob, RDF.TYPE, person);
con.add(bob, name, bobsName);

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Retrieving
RepositoryResult<Statement> statements = con.getStatements(alice,
null, null, true);
try {
while (statements.hasNext()) {
Statement st = statements.next();
... // do something with the statement
}
}
finally {
statements.close(); // make sure the result object is closed properly
}

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Deleting statements
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a single statement
con.remove(alice, name, alicesName);
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many statements
con.remove(alice, null, null);

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Iterators and statements
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Sesame’s API offer many calls compatible for iterators to
facilitate “batch” manipulation
// Retrieve all statements about Alice and put them in a list
RepositoryResult<Statement> statements =
con.getStatements(alice, null, null, true));
List<Statement> aboutAlice =
Iterations.addAll(statements, new ArrayList<Statement>());
// Then, remove them from the repository
con.remove(aboutAlice);
con.remove(con.getStatements(alice, null, null, true));

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Named graphs
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Named graphs are natively supported by Sesame
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Named graphs are called “Context” in Sesame
String location = "http://example.org/example/example.rdf";
String baseURI = location;
URL url = new URL(location);
URI context = f.createURI(location);
con.add(url, baseURI, RDFFormat.RDFXML, context);

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Transactions
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SQL-like transactions
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Treat a “block” of operations as a single update
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Failures can be “rolled back”

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Transactions
File inputFile1 = new File("/path/to/example1.rdf");
String baseURI1 = "http://example.org/example1/";
File inputFile2 = new File("/path/to/example2.rdf");
String baseURI2 = "http://example.org/example2/";
RepositoryConnection con = myRepository.getConnection();
try {
con.setAutoCommit(false);
con.add(inputFile1, baseURI1, RDFFormat.RDFXML);
con.add(inputFile2, baseURI2, RDFFormat.RDFXML);
con.commit();
}
catch (RepositoryException e) { con.rollback(); }
finally { con.close(); }

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Sesame Console

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Sesame console
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command-line application to
interact with Sesame
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Possible actions:
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Easy way to create and
manage repositories
Create in the console, use from
Java
Creating repositories
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Load/Unload data from
Files/URIs/SPARQL Update
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Query using SPARQL
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Querying/Managing remote
Sesame repositories
> sh bin/console.sh
Connected to default data directory
Commands end with '.' at the end of a line
Type 'help.' for help
> help.

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Repository types
memory,memory-rdfs
a memory based RDF repository
(optionaly with RDFS inference)
Please specify values for the following variables:
Repository ID [native]: myRepo
Repository title [Native store]: My repository
Triple indexes [spoc,posc]:
Repository created
 pgsql, mysql
> show repositories.
a repository that stores data in a
> +---------PostgreSQL (mysql) database
> |SYSTEM
> |myRepo(”My repository")
 remote -- a repository that serves as > +---------
native, native-rdfs
a repository that uses on-disk data
structure (optional RDFS inference)
a proxy for a repository on a Sesame
Server

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Sesame Workbench
Repository Manager and SPARQL end-points with Sesame

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Sesame workbench
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SPARQL Protocol
implementation (sparqlendpoint) for Sesame
repositories
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Web based management
console for Sesame
repositories
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Web based query interface for
repositories.

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Setup
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Requires a JSP server, e.g.,
Tomcat or Jetty 8
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Drop the 2 .war files from the
/war folder of the sesame .zip
into your webapps folder
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Start the JSP server
If you are using Jetty, do:
jetty.sh/bat start
in the command line