This document introduces PHPSpec, a BDD framework for PHP inspired by RSpec. It discusses the principles of behavior-driven development (BDD) and test-driven development (TDD), and how PHPSpec implements a domain-specific language (DSL) that allows developers to write specifications in a natural language style. The document provides examples of how to write PHPSpec specifications using its matchers and contexts, run the specifications, and handle pending and failing tests. It also briefly discusses related tools like mocks, screen scraping with Goutte, and how BDD fits into the development cycle.

1. Introducing
PHPSpec
A BDD Framework

2. Marcello Duarte
@_md
PHPSpec Lead Developer
Head of Training @
Agile guy

3. What is PHPSpec?
BDD Framework
Created by Pádraic Brady
DSL based on RSpec

4. BDD?
Behaviour Driven Development

5. BDD?
Better way to explain TDD

6. TDD?
Write a failing test

7. TDD?
Write a failing test
Make it fail for the right reasons

8. TDD?
Write a failing test
Make it fail for the right reasons
Make it pass (just about)

9. TDD?
Write a failing test
Make it fail for the right reasons
Make it pass (just about)
Refactor

10. TDD?
Write a failing test
Make it fail for the right reasons
Make it pass (just about)
Refactor
Start again

11. Focus on behaviour

12. Test
Specify

13. class CalculatorTest
becomes
class DescribeCalculator

14. Test Case
Context

15. class CalculatorTest extends
SomeTestFramework_TestCase
becomes
class DescribeCalculator extends
PHPSpec_Context

16. Test Method
Example

17. testAddWithNoArguments()
becomes
itReturnsZeroWithNoArguments()

18. Assert
Expect

19. $this->assertEquals(0, $result);
becomes
$result->should->be(0);

20. Installing
PEAR (soon...)
# pear channel-discover pear.phpspec.net
Adding Channel "pear.phpspec.net" succeeded
Discovery of channel "pear.phpspec.net" succeeded
# pear install --alldeps phpspec/PHPSpec-beta
GITHUB
$ git clone git://github.com/phpspec/phpspec.git

21. PHPSpec DSL
# StringCalculatorSpec.php
<?php
class DescribeStringCalculator
extends PHPSpec_Context {
public function itReturnsZeroWithNoArguments()
{
$result = $this->spec(StringCalculator::add());
$result->should->be(0);
}
}

22. $result->should->be(0)
$result->shouldNot->be(42)

23. Loads of matchers...

24. be($match)
equal($match)
beEqualTo($match)
beAnInstanceOf($match)
beEmpty()
beFalse()
beGreaterThan($match)
beGreaterThanOrEqualTo($match)

25. And more matchers...

26. beInteger()
beLessThan($match)
beLessThanOrEqualTo($match)
beNull()
beString()
beTrue()
coming soon:
throwException($match)

27. Predicate Matcher
$cell = $this->spec(new Cell);
$cell->should->beAlive();
class Cell
{
protected $alive = true;
public function isAlive() {
return $this->alive;
}
...
}

28. Predicate Matcher
$newNode = $this->spec(new Node);
$newNode->shouldNot->haveChildren();
class Node
{
protected $children = array();
public function hasChildren() {
return count($this->children) > 0;
}
...
}

29. Lets run our specs
# StringCalculatorSpec.php
<?php
class DescribeStringCalculator
extends PHPSpec_Context {
public function itReturnsZeroWithNoArgument()
{
$this->spec(StringCalculator::add())->should->be(0);
}
}

30. Lets run our specs
$ phpspec StringCalculatorSpec.php -c
.
Finished in 0.055689 seconds
1 examples, 0 failures

31. Pending examples
public function itReturnsZeroWithAnEmptyString()
{
$this->pending();
}

32. $ phpspec StringCalculatorSpec.php -c
.P
Pending:
1)
'string calculator returns zero with an empty
string' PENDING
Incomplete
Finished in 0.056134 seconds
2 examples, 0 failures, 1 pending
$

33. Failing examples
public function itReturnsTheBareNumber()
{
$result = $this->spec(StringCalculator::add("42"));
$result->should->be(42);
}

34. $ phpspec StringCalculatorSpec.php -c
.PF
Failures:
1)
'string calculator returns the bare number' FAILED
expected 42, got 0 (using be())
/Users/md/BDDTalk/StringCalculatorSpec.php:28
Pending:
...
Finished in 0.056134 seconds
3 examples, 1 failure, 1 pending
$

35. Deliberate fail
public function itReturnsTheBareNumber()
{
$this->fail("An optional message");
}

36. Hooks
before()
after()
beforeAll()
afterAll()

37. set initial state
public function before()
{
$this->calculator = new StringCalculator();
}

38. Mocks
Phake
https://github.com/mlively/Phake
Mockery
https://github.com/padraic/Mockery

39. BDD Outside in
Gherkin
Behat
PHPSpec

40. Feature: Learners Feedback
In order to improve the quality of training
As an learner
I want to provide feedback for a course
Scenario: Missed selecting the course
Given I am on the feedback page
And I skip selecting the course
When submit the feedback
Then I should be warned the feedback was not submitted
Scenario: Thank you page
Given I am on the feedback page
And I fill all fields required
When submit the feedback
Then I should see a thank you message

41. $ pwd
/path/to/my/app
$ ls
features src spec
$ behat

44. Goutte
Screen scraping
Web crawling library for PHP
Goutte does not start the browser

45. // Create a Goutte Client
use GoutteClient;
$client = new Client();
// Make requests which returns a Crawler
$crawler = $client->request('GET', 'http://feedbackpage');.
//Click on links:
$link = $crawler->selectLink('Course')->link();
$crawler = $client->click($link);
// Submit forms:
$form = $crawler->selectButton('Submit Feedback')->form();
$crawler = $client->submit($form, array(
'trainer' => 'Marcello Duarte',
'course' => 'Agile PHP Developer'));
// Parse results
$error = $crawler->filter('.errors');

46. The BDD Cycle
1. Write your stories
2. Use Gherkin/Behat to
describe the behaviour of your apps
3. Use PHPSpec to
describe the behaviour of your classes

47. Thank you!
Marcello Duarte
@_md
is hiring. Come talk to me.