Mais conteúdo relacionado การบาดเจ็บและเสียชีวิตจากอุบัติเหตุจราจรทางถนนในประเทศไทย1. «“√ “√«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ π‘æπ∏åμâπ©∫—∫
∂“∫—π«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù μ§.-∏§. ÚııÚ
«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ
®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬
· ß‚©¡ »‘√‘æ“π‘™*
°“≠®π’¬å ¥”𓧷°â«*
Õ«¬æ√ §”«ß§å»“*
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–°“√‡ ’¬™’«μ®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂π𠇪ìπªí≠À“ ”§—≠∑’∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬μàÕ™’«μ ∑√—æ¬å π
‘ — Ë ‘ ‘
·≈–‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬. °“√»÷°…“‡™‘ßæ√√≥π“‚¥¬«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑ÿ쑬¿Ÿ¡‘®“°√–∫∫‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫
·Ààß™“μ‘ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ „π™à«ß æ.». ÚıÙÒ-Úıı ¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕÕ∏‘∫“¬·π«‚πâ¡·≈–≈—°…≥–‡™‘ß«‘∑¬“°“√
√–∫“¥ ·≈–æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ ”À√—∫°“√«“ß·ºπªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥
Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∫π∑âÕß∂ππμàÕ‰ª.
®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ ß ÿ¥¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑ÿ°ª√–‡¿∑§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–
— Ÿ
ıÒ.ˆ ¢Õß√“¬‡©≈’ˬ ˆı, √“¬μàÕªï, Õ—μ√“°“√ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ú - ˘.˜, Õ—μ√“ à«π‡æ»À≠‘ßμàՇ滙“¬ ‡∑à“°—∫ Ò :
Û ‚¥¬®”π«πºŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß Ÿß ÿ¥ ‰¥â·°à °≈ÿ¡Õ“¬ÿ Òı-ÚÙ ªï√Õ¬≈– ÛÛ.Ú˘, Õ“™’æ√—∫®â“ß√âÕ¬≈– Ûı. ·≈–π—°‡√’¬π
â à â
π—°»÷°…“√âÕ¬≈– Ú.˜. ª√–‡¿∑¬“πæ“Àπ–∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ ®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı.ˆ˜ ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë
®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.ˆÚ ´÷Ëß¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê, ‡«≈“ Ò¯: - ÚÛ.ı˘ π“Ãî°“‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥
√âÕ¬≈– Û˜.˜Û - Ù.Òˆ, „π«—π‡ “√å·≈–«—πÕ“∑‘μ¬å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.ÙÚ ·≈– Òˆ.ÛÚ, ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡¡’Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ·≈–∫“¥
‡®Á∫ Ÿß ÿ¥√âÕ¬≈– ˘.ÛÒ, ¡’ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥„π‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π√âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯Ú ‚¥¬ “‡Àμÿ°“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ °“√
™π√âÕ¬≈– ıı.˜Û, ≈â¡ §«Ë” μ°∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÚ.ÚÚ, Õ«—¬«–∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ¢π àß Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ »’√…–√âÕ¬≈–
Ú˘.Û.
°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢≥–¢—∫¢’Ë√âÕ¬≈– Ûˆ.Û˜, „π°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Ú- Ú˘ ªï√âÕ¬≈– Ù.¯, ™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï
„À¡à·≈–‡∑»°“≈ ß°√“πμå ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ ¡°√“§¡ ·≈–‡¡…“¬π ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’¡°“√„™â‡§√◊Õߥ◊¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–¢—∫¢’¬“π¬πμå
Ë ’ Ë Ë Ë
ª√– ∫Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥, æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√ «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑°¢≥–¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμ凩≈’ˬ√âÕ¬≈– ÒÛ, ·≈–°“√ «¡
‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯.ˆÛ; π” àß ∂“π欓∫“≈‚¥¬≠“μ‘À√◊ÕºŸâ‡ÀÁπ‡Àμÿ°“√≥å√âÕ¬≈– ıˆ.Ú, ‚¥¬Àπ૬∫√‘°“√
©ÿ°‡©‘π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å√âÕ¬≈– Ò.Ûı.
®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ºŸâ¢—∫¢’ËÀ√◊Õ‚¥¬ “√¬“πæ“Àπ–¬—ß¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬßμàÕ°“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑’Ë Ÿß¡“° ‚¥¬
‡©æ“–°“√¢—∫¢’Ë·≈–‚¥¬ “√®—°√¬“π¬πμå ∑’ˇªì𠓇Àμÿ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥„π°≈ÿà¡π—°‡√’¬π·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ √à«¡
°—∫°“√¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’ˬßμàÕ°“√‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ‰¥âßà“¬ ‡™àπ °“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å, °“√‰¡à «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑°, °“√
‰¡à§“¥‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬, °“√¢—∫√∂¥â«¬§«“¡‡√Á« Ÿß. °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√¥â“π°“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√°”°—∫¥â“π°ÆÀ¡“¬
§«√¡’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“߇¢â¡ß«¥ μàÕ‡π◊Õß ·≈–∫Ÿ√≥“°“√‡ªìπ ‘ß ”§—≠∑’®–·°âª≠À“∑”„Àâ≈¥Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ·≈–°“√‡ ’¬™’«μ‰¥â.
Ë Ë Ë í — ‘
§” ”§—≠: °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫, Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ, ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ
* ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§, °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ®—ßÀ«—¥ππ∑∫ÿ√’
598
2. Journal of Health Systems Research Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009
Abstract Epidemiology of Injuries and Deaths Caused by Road Traffic Accidents in Thailand
Sangchom Siripanich, Kanjanee Dumnakeaw, Auyporn Kumwongsa
Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health
Road traffic injuries are a significant problem in developed and developing countries. The trend of
mortality owing to traffic accidents is increasing in Thailand. The objective of this descriptive study is to
describe the trend and characteristics of risky behavior related to road traffic injuries in Thailand during
the period 1998-2007. The study was conducted by using and analyzing data from the national injury
surveillance database within 28 sentinels, these were reported during the period 1998-2007.
The results show that the proportion of road traffic injuries was the highest of all injuries (51.6%).
The percentage of injuries in the age groups between 15 and 24 years was the highest (33.29%). Most of
the injuries occurred among laborers and student groups (35.0% and 20.1%); 75.7 percent of them were
motorcycle injuries and tended to increase. The highest incidence of injury occurred during the evening
between 6 and 8 o’clock (37.7-40.2%). The most severely traumatized parts of the body were the head and
neck (29.3%). The percentage of alcohol use while driving was 36.4 percent and it was highly used in the
age group 20-29 years (40.1%). The high-risk behavior occurred over the New Year holidays and during
the Thai new year (Songkhran festival) during the months of December-January and April. Further, the
drivers and riders had not used seatbelts and helmets while driving and riding . Only 13 percent used
helmets and 18.6 percent used seatbelts. Those injured were referred by a relative or others in 56.2 of the
cases; only 10.4 percent were referred by EMS, although the tendency is increasing.
This study identified the problem of injuries, especially motorcycle injury in younger persons, which
tends to increase every year. The higher fatality rate may relate to risk behavior involving alcohol use, not
wearing a helmet, or using seatbelts and driving at high speed. Traffic accident prevention requires that
drivers be educated and that the laws be enforced in the high-risk group (mainly younger men).
Key words: injuries, road traffic accidents
¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß·≈–‡Àμÿº≈ ®“°Õ—π¥—∫∑’Ë ˘ „π æ.». ÚıÙÒ ¢÷Èπ¡“Õ¬Ÿà∑’ËÕ—π¥—∫ Û(ˆ) ´÷Ëß°“√
° “√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂π𠇪ìπ
ªí≠À“ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ‚¥¬¡’¢π“¥·≈–§«“¡√ÿπ·√ߢÕß
·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷π ·ª√º—πμ“¡ ¿“槫“¡‡®√‘≠∑“ߥâ“π‡»√…∞°‘®
È
欓°√≥套߰≈à“«Õ“®¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ À“°‰¡à¡’
°“√«“ß·ºπ À√◊Õ°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√„π°“√·°âª≠À“Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß.
·¡â«“√—∞∫“≈‰¥â°”Àπ¥π‚¬∫“¬·≈–¡“μ√°“√∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬
à
í
Õÿ μ “À°√√¡ ·≈–°“√∑à Õ ß‡∑’Ë ¬ «. „π·μà ≈ –ªï ¡’ ºŸâ ‡ ¥‘ π ∑“ß √«¡∂÷ß°≈«‘∏’μà“ßÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ·°âªí≠À“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°°“√®√“®√
‚¥¬ “√·≈–¢—∫¢’˥⫬¬“π¬πμ凰‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∫π∑âÕß∂ππ¡“° ‰¥â·°à °“√∫—ߧ—∫¥â«¬°Æ®√“®√ °“√ «¡‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬ °“√
¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê. „π™à«ß æ.». ÚıÙÚ-ÚıÙ˜ ¡’ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫®“° «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° °“√ߥ¥◊Ë¡ ÿ√“ ·≈– “√‡ æμ‘¥°àÕπ
Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– Ù˘.Ò - ıÙ.ˆ ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ ·≈–¢≥–¢—∫¢’Ë ·≈–°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬßÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß,
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥·≈–‡ªìπºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ√âÕ¬≈– Úˆ.Ù¯(Ù) À√◊ÕÕ“®°≈à“«‰¥â ·μà ªí ≠ À“°Á ¬— ß ‰¡à ‰ ¥â ≈ ¥πâ Õ ¬≈ß ∑—È ß π’È Õ “®‡π◊Ë Õ ß®“°ªí ≠ À“
«à“¡’º∫“¥‡®Á∫‰¡àπÕ¬°«à“ ˘, √“¬ ·≈–‡ ’¬™’«μ¡“°°«à“
Ÿâ â ‘ Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®“°®√“®√¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß·≈–‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—∫ªí≠À“
(ı)
Ò, √“¬ ·≈–‰¥â √â“ߧ«“¡ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬μàÕ™’«μ ∑√—æ¬å π ·≈–
‘ ‘ Õ◊ËπÊ À≈“¬¥â“π. ¥—ßπ—Èπ °“√·°âªí≠À“μâÕß∫Ÿ√≥“°“√·≈–
‡»√…∞°‘®¢Õߪ√–‡∑»Õ¬à“ß¡“°¡“¬. Õ“»—¬§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ®“°∑ÿ°Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß.
√“¬ß“πÕߧ尓√Õπ“¡—¬‚≈° æ.». ÚıÙ˜ ¡’ª√–™“°√ °“√»÷°…“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“π«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥‡ªìπ°‘®°√√¡ ”§—≠
‚≈°°«à“ Ú ≈â“π§π‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ ·≈– ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë®–∫àß™’È ∂“π°“√≥å ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–
§“¥ª√–¡“≥«à“„πªï æ.». ÚıˆÛ Õ—μ√“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß¿“√–‚√§ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ μ≈Õ¥®π°“√· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß
„π Ò °≈ÿà¡ “‡Àμÿ·√° °“√‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°®√“®√®–‡≈◊ËÕπ æƒμ‘°√√¡∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß ·≈–‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ‰¥â.
ı˘˘
3. «“√ “√«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù μ§.-∏§. ÚııÚ
∑—È ß π’È ‡æ◊Ë Õ „™â ª √–‚¬™πå ® “°¢â Õ ¡Ÿ ≈ ‡ªì π ·π«∑“ß°“√°”Àπ¥ μ° À°≈â¡ √âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ.˜, ·√߇™‘ß°≈ «—μ∂ÿ ‘ߢÕß √âÕ¬≈– ÒÚ.ˆ,
Ë
¡“μ√°“√ §«∫§ÿ¡ªÑÕß°—π ·≈–≈¥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈– °“√∂Ÿ°∑”√⓬ √âÕ¬≈– ˘.Ú ·≈– °“√∑”√⓬μπ‡Õß √âÕ¬≈– Ù.Ú
‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ‰¥â. ®“°°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ò˘ “‡ÀμÿÀ≈—° ®”π«πºŸâª√– ∫Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ
°“√®√“®√·≈–¢π àß ∑—ß ‘π ˆıÒ,˜Òı √“¬ ‡©≈’¬ ªï≈– ˆı,
È È Ë
√–‡∫’¬∫«‘∏’«‘®—¬ √“¬, Õ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ú - ˘.˜ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò).
°“√»÷°…“«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥‡™‘ßæ√√≥π“ ‚¥¬√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
®“°·À≈àߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑ÿμ¬¿Ÿ¡,‘ ®“°√–∫∫‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘
‘ ≈—°…≥–¢ÕߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫
(Û)
”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ®“°‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬ Ú¯ ·Ààß „π™à«ß æ.». ºŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ°“√¢π à߇ªìπºŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’¡’
â — â Ë
ÚıÙÒ - Úıı, «‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â‚ª√·°√¡ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª „™â ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà Õ “»— ¬ „π®— ß À«— ¥ ∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ‡Àμÿ ®”π«π ıˆı,ÛÚ √“¬
∂‘μ‘§à“‡©≈’ˬ §à“√âÕ¬≈– —¥ à«π Õ—μ√“ Õ—μ√“ à«π. §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ¯ˆ.ıÛ, ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ù˘,ˆÙˆ √“¬ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–
«—μ∂ÿª√– ߧå¢Õß°“√»÷°…“ ‰¥â·°à ˜Û.ˆ˜, Õ—μ√“ à«π‡æ»À≠‘ßμàՇ滙“¬ ‡∑à“°—∫ Ò : Û, Õ“¬ÿ
Ò. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥ ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈– μ—Èß·μà·√°§≈Õ¥∂÷ßÕ“¬ÿ ˘˘ ªï ‚¥¬ —¥ à«πºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß
‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ. Ÿß ÿ¥ ‰¥â·°à °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ò˘ ªï√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯.Ò, Õ“¬ÿ Ú-
Ú. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“≈—°…≥–∑“ß«‘∑¬“°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß°“√∫“¥ ÚÙ ªï √âÕ¬≈– Òı.Ò˘, ·≈–Õ“¬ÿ Úı - Ú˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.Ù¯
‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ. ‡ªìπμâπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú).
Û. ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“·π«‚πâ¡æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’ˬßμàÕ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ ºŸâ ∫ “¥‡®Á ∫ √ÿ π ·√ß à « π„À≠à ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’ æ ‡ªì π ºŸâ „ ™â
·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®√“®√∑“ß∂ππ. ·√ßß“π Ÿß ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– Ûı, √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìππ—°‡√’¬π/π—°»÷°…“
√âÕ¬≈– Ú.˜, ‡°…μ√°√∑” «π ∑”π“ ∑”‰√à √âÕ¬≈– ÒÛ.˜.
º≈°“√»÷°…“
®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„π™à«ß Ò ªï¢Õß ≈—°…≥–ºŸâ„™â¬“π¬πμå·≈–ª√–‡¿∑¬“π¬πμå
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ∫«à“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ÿß ÿ¥ ı Õ—π¥—∫·√° ‰¥â·°à ®“°°“√æ‘®“√≥“ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ ®”·π°
°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°®√“®√¢π àß §‘¥‡ªìπ √âÕ¬≈– ıÒ.ˆ, °“√æ≈—¥ ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√ ·≈–§π‡¥‘π‡∑â“ æ∫«à“®”π«πºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫
๓.๕%
๗.๑% อบติเหตุการขนสง
ุ ั ๔.๒% ๗.๘%
๖.๖% อบติเหตุการขนสง
ุ ั
๙.๒% อ.พลัด ตก หกลม
ถูกทําราย
๗.๗% ๖๖.๑%
ทํารายตัวเอง อ.แรงเชิงกลวัตถสงของ
ุ ่ิ
๘.๙% ๑๒.๖% ๕๑.๖%
ถูกทําราย
อ.พลัด ตก หกลม
ทํารายตัวเอง
อ.ตกนา จมนา
ํ้ ํ้ ๑๔.๗% อน ๆ
่ื
อนๆ
่ื
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ò §à“√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“° “‡Àμÿμà“ß Ê ı Õ—π¥—∫·√° æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı
600
4. Journal of Health Systems Research Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009
Ÿß ÿ¥‡ªìπºŸ¢∫¢’Ë ·≈–¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷π‡√◊Õ¬Ê ®“°√âÕ¬≈– ˆı.˘Ù
â— È Ë ®—°√¬“π¬πμå Ÿß ÿ¥ √âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.ˆÚ, √Õß≈ß¡“ §◊Õ °“√¢—∫¢’Ë
„π æ.». ÚıÙÚ ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– ˜Ú.¯ˆ „π æ.». Úıı ·μà √∂®—°√¬“π ·≈– “¡≈âÕ√âÕ¬≈– Ù.Û˜ ·≈–√∂°√–∫–À√◊Õ√∂μŸâ
·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„π°≈ÿ¡ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√≈¥≈߇≈Á°πâÕ¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Û).
à √âÕ¬≈– Û.Ò. ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√∑’ˉ¥â√—∫Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®“°‚¥¬ “√√∂
ª√–‡¿∑¬“πæ“Àπ–∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ Õÿ ∫— μ‘ ‡ Àμÿ ¡ “°∑’Ë ÿ ¥ ‰¥â · °à ®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˆÒ.˘ı ·≈–°“√‚¥¬ “√√∂°√–∫– À√◊Õ
®—°√¬“π¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– ˜ı.ˆ˜ ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ √∂μŸâ √âÕ¬≈– Ú.ıÚ.
¢π àß∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ. À“°æ‘®“√≥“μ“¡≈—°…≥–°“√„™â
¬“πæ“Àπ– æ∫«à “ ºŸâ ¢— ∫ ¢’Ë ‰ ¥â √— ∫ Õÿ ∫— μ‘ ‡ Àμÿ ® “°°“√¢— ∫ ¢’Ë √ ∂ ‡«≈“∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ
‡«≈“ Ò¯. - ÚÛ.ı˘ π. ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’ˇ°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥
∑ÿ°ªï §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Û˜.˜Û - Ù.Òˆ ·≈– √–À«à“߇«≈“ ÒÚ.
- Ò˜.ı˘ π.√âÕ¬≈– Ú¯.¯ - Û.Ò˜ (√Ÿª∑’Ë Ù).
จํานวน รอยละ
140,000 t20.0 „π·μà≈– —ª¥“Àå¡’Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„π«—π
120,000 ‡ “√å·≈–«—πÕ“∑‘μ¬å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.ÙÚ ·≈– Òˆ.ÛÚ. «—π∑’Ë¡’°“√
100,000 t15.0
∫“¥‡®Á∫μË” ÿ¥§◊Õ«—πæÿ∏√âÕ¬≈– ÒÚ.ˆ˘ ·≈–‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ ¡’
80,000
t10.0 Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ·≈–∫“¥‡®Á∫√âÕ¬≈– ˘.ÛÒ. ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥„π‡¥◊Õπ
60,000
40,000 ‡¡…“¬π√âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯Ú ‚¥¬Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ ®”·π°μ“¡≈—°…≥– Ÿß ÿ¥
—
t5.0
20,000 §◊Õ °“√™π√âÕ¬≈– ıı.˜Û, ≈â¡ §«Ë” μ°∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÚ.ÚÚ.
0 t0.0
๕ -๙
๐ -๔
๔๐ -๓๙
๕๐ -๔๙
๒ ๐ - ๑๙
๗ ๐ -๖๙
๑ ๕ ๑๔
๓๐ ๒๙
๖๐ ๕ ๙
๖๕ ๖๔
-๗๙
๘๐
๕๕ ๕๔
๒ ๕- ๒๔
- ๓๔
๔ ๕ ๔๔
๗๕-๗๔
Õ«—¬«–∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫
๑๐ -
-
-
-
-
-
๓๕
จํานวน อายุ รอยละ Õ«—¬«–∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ¢π àß §◊Õ »’√…–√âÕ¬
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ≈– Ú˘.Û, °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫À≈“¬ à«π¢Õß√à“ß°“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ò˜.Úı,
√Ÿª∑’Ë Ú ®”π«π·≈–√âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√ ‡¢à“·≈–™à«ß¢“√âÕ¬≈– Ò.Ù˜. ”À√—∫°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’˧Õæ∫
¢π àß ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı √âÕ¬≈– Ò.˜Ú ´÷Ëß¡’·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê ∑ÿ°ªï
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
√Ÿª∑’Ë Û √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß ®”·π°μ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ºŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫
â â √Ÿª∑’Ë Ù √âÕ¬≈–°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√¢π àß ®”·π°
æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı μ“¡‡«≈“‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ - Úıı
ˆÒ
5. «“√ “√«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù μ§.-∏§. ÚııÚ
‡ ’¬™’«‘μ°àÕπ∂÷ß‚√ß欓∫“≈√âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯ı, ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∑’ËÀâÕß
Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ©ÿ°‡©‘π √âÕ¬≈– ˆ.ÛÚ, ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∑’ËÀÕºŸâªÉ«¬„π√âÕ¬≈–
√âÕ¬≈–
¯Ú.¯Û. ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈åÕ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Ú-ÚÙ ªï
√âÕ¬≈– Ú.ˆı, °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Úı-Ú˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– Ò˘.ÙÚ, ·≈–
°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ò˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÒÙ.Úı (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˜).
™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à·≈–‡∑»°“≈ ß°√“πμå, ‡¥◊Õπ
√âÕ¬≈– ∏—𫓧¡ ¡°√“§¡ ·≈–‡¡…“¬π ‡ªìπ™à«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå ª√– ∫Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß ÿ¥ §‘¥‡ªìπ
√Ÿª∑’Ë ı √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑’‰¥â√∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ¢π àß
Ë — — √âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.Ò, ˘.ı ·≈– ˘.ˆ μ“¡≈”¥—∫; °“√¥◊Ë¡ ÿ√“≈¥
æ.». ÚıÙÒ -Úıı ≈ß„π™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“ §◊Õ ‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡ ‘ßÀ“§¡ ·≈–°—𬓬π
(√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯)
ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å
√âÕ¬≈–
ÒˆÙ,¯˜¯ √“¬ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.˜Ò ¢ÕߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ∑’Ë¢—∫¢’Ë‚¥¬‰¡à «¡À¡«°π‘√¿—¬√âÕ¬≈–
˘.Òˆ, ¢—∫¢’Ë√∂¬πμåπ—Ëß à«π∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å
√âÕ¬≈– ÙÒ.Òˆ ¢Õß®”π«πºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë√∂¬πμå à«π∫ÿ§§≈‚¥¬‰¡à
§“¥‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬√âÕ¬≈– ¯Ò.˘ˆ.
°≈ÿࡺŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë√∂ “∏“√≥– √∂√—∫®â“ß∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–
√âÕ¬≈–
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå ‰¥â·°à √∂°√–∫–À√◊Õ√∂μŸâ “¡≈âÕ‡§√◊ËÕß √∂
∫√√∑ÿ°Àπ—° ¡’°“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å√âÕ¬≈– Û˘.¯Û, Ûı.Úı,
√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ √âÕ¬≈–¢ÕßÕ«—¬«–∑’‰¥â√∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ¢π àß
Ë — —
¢ÕߺŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå æ.». ÚıÙÒ -Úıı
จํานวน รอยละ
$40,000 ๒๕.๐๐
μ“¡·π«‚πâ¡¢Õß°“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë ı). $35,000 ๒๐.๖๕
๑๙.๔๒ ๒๐.๐๐
$30,000
ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå∑’ˉ¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß√âÕ¬≈– ı. $25,000 ๑๕.๐๐
๑๔.๒๕
‡°‘¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë»’√…– ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– ˜.˜ ‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’ˇ¢à“ $20,000 ๙.๒๙ ๑๐.๕๙
๘.๗๗ ๑๐.๐๐
$15,000
·≈–¢“ à«π≈à“ß. “‡Àμÿ∑’Ë¡’°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫„πºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå ๖.๕๑
$10,000 ๔.๓๔
๐.๕๘ ๒.๖๑ ๒.๘๙ ๕.๐๐
$5,000
§“¥«à“πà“®–¡’ªí®®—¬‡ √‘¡∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå ๐.๐๙
$0 ๐.๐๐
‚¥¬‰¡à «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° (√Ÿª∑’Ë ˆ).
ป
๑๕
-๓๙
๕๐ ๙
- ๑๙
๙
๖๐ -๕๙
๒๕ ๔
-๓๔
-๔๔
-๕๔
ไ ม ป
าบ
-๔
-๒
ึ้นไ
-๒
- ๑๔
ทร
๓๕
๔๕
๕๕
๓๐
๔๐
ป ข
๒๐
๑๐
จํานวน รอยละ
æƒμ‘°√√¡‡ ’ˬßÕÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√¢π àß อายุ
Ò. °“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å·≈–¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå ∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
ºŸâ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¢≥–¢—∫¢’ˬ“π¬πμå Ò˜˜,¯Ûˆ √“¬ √Ÿª∑’Ë ˜ ®”π«π·≈–§à“√âÕ¬≈–ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å
‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ¯,ıÚ¯ √“¬ §‘¥‡ªìπÕ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ù.¯, ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ.». ÚıÙÒ-Úıı
602
6. Journal of Health Systems Research Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009
จํานวน รอยละ æ‘®“√≥“‡©æ“–ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë ¡’ºŸâ§“¥‡¢Á¡¢—¥√âÕ¬≈– Ò¯.ˆÛ, ‰¡à§“¥
๒๕,๐๐๐ ๑๒.๐๐
๑๑.๑๐ ‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬√âÕ¬≈– ¯Ò.Û˜ ·≈–ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√√âÕ¬≈– ˘ˆ.ˆı
๒๐,๐๐๐ ๙.๐๓ ๙.๖๐ ๘.๙๗ ๑๐.๐๐
๘.๕๓๘.๕๖ ๘.๕๕ ‰¡à§“¥‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬.
๑๕,๐๐๐ ๗.๐๔๗.๒๖ ๗.๕๐ ๖.๙๘ ๖.๙๐ ๘.๐๐
๖.๐๐ Ù. °“√„™â¬“¢≥–¢—∫¢’ˬ“πæ“Àπ–
๑๐,๐๐๐
๔.๐๐ ºŸ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ°“√¢π àß∑’¡°“√„™â¬“·°â
â — Ë ’
๕,๐๐๐ ๒.๐๐ ‰¢â ¬“À«—¥ ¬“·°âª«¥ À√◊Õ¬“Õ◊ËπÊ ¢≥–¢—∫¢’ˬ“πæ“Àπ–¡’
๐ ๐.๐๐ °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ò,˜¯ √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ˆ √“¬®“°®”π«πºŸâ∫“¥
ม.ค. ก.พ. มี.ค. เม.ย. พ.ค. มิ.ย. ก.ค. ส.ค. ก.ย. ต.ค. พ.ย. ธ.ค.
จํานวน รอยละ ‡®Á∫∑—ßÀ¡¥. ºŸ¢∫¢’√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå¡°“√°‘π¬“¢≥–¢—∫¢’√Õ¬≈–
È â— Ë ’ Ëâ
เดือน
˜¯.˜, √∂ªî°Õ—æ√âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯Ù, √∂®—°√¬“π·≈– “¡≈âÕ
∑’Ë¡“: ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢
√âÕ¬≈– Û.Û˘, √∂¬πμåπ—Ëß à«π∫ÿ§§≈√âÕ¬≈– Ú.ˆÒ. °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ
√Ÿª∑’Ë ¯ ®”π«π·≈–§à“√âÕ¬≈–¢ÕߺŸ¢∫¢’∑∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ∑¥¡
â — Ë ’Ë — ’Ë ◊Ë ¢ÕߺŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë„™â¬“§◊Õ Ú-ÚÙ ªï √âÕ¬≈– Ò¯.Òı, Õ“¬ÿ Úı-Ú˘
‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ®”·π°μ“¡‡¥◊Õπ‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ æ.».
ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÒÛ.ÛÚ ·≈– Õ“¬ÿ Ù-Ùı ªï √âÕ¬≈– Ò. ÛÒ. „π
ÚıÙÒ-Úıı
¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë∑’Ë„™â∑—È߬“·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ÛÚı
√“¬ §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÛ.˘Ú (¢Õß®”π«π„™â¬“°—∫‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡
ÚÒ. ¢ÕߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë¢—∫¢’ˬ“πæ“Àπ–¥—ß°≈à“« À√◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– ·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–®”π«π„™â¬“·μà‰¡à„™â·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ˜Ù √“¬).
Ú.˜¯, .Ùı, .Ûı ¢ÕߺŸâ¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥. ı. °“√‡¢â“√—∫°“√√—°…“„π‚√ß欓∫“≈
Ú. æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√ «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° ºŸâ ∫ “¥‡®Á ∫ ∂Ÿ ° π” à ß ‚√ß欓∫“≈®“°∑’Ë ‡ °‘ ¥ ‡Àμÿ
°“√ «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑°„πºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë·≈–ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√√∂ Ú¯Û,ˆ˘˘ √“¬§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÛ.Ùı, àßμàÕ¡“®“° ∂“π
®—°√¬“π¬πμå ¬—ß¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√ «¡À¡«°‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬ√âÕ¬≈– 欓∫“≈Õ◊ËπÊ ÛÚ,Û˜ı √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ù˘.ˆ), ‰¡à¡’ºŸâπ” àß
ÒÛ. ¢ÕߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå °≈à“«§◊Õ „π™à«ß Ò ªï ¯,ıÚ˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ò.ÛÒ) ·≈–‰¡à∑√“∫«à“¡’ºŸâπ” àßÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
¡’°“√√≥√ߧ尓√ «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑°Õ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ·μàæ∫ Ù,Û¯Ò √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ò¯). ”À√—∫ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë¡’ºŸâπ” àß
«à“¬—ß¡’ºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë°—∫ºŸâ‚¥¬ “√¡’ —¥ à«π∑’ˉ¡à «¡À¡«°œ Ÿß°«à“ºŸâ∑’Ë ‰¥â·°à °“√π” àß‚¥¬≠“μ‘À√◊ÕºŸâ‡ÀÁπ‡Àμÿ°“√≥å Òı˘,ÙÚ¯ √“¬
«¡À¡«°œ §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– ¯Û.ıı - ˘Ú.˜ „πºŸ¢∫¢’Ë ·≈–√âÕ¬≈–
â— (√âÕ¬≈– ıˆ.Ú), ‚¥¬¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ ¯˘,ÛÙˆ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– ÛÒ.Ù˘),
˘Û.ıÙ - ˘˜.Ú „πºŸâ‚¥¬ “√´âÕπ∑⓬‰¡à «¡À¡«°œ. ‚¥¬Àπ૬∫√‘°“√©ÿ°‡©‘π∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å Ú˘,Ûˆ˜ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈–
®“°º≈°“√¢—∫¢’Ë ·≈–‚¥¬ “√√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå ‚¥¬ Ò.Ûı), ·≈–‚¥¬μ”√«® ı,ıı¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– Ò.˘ˆ) ‡ªìπμâπ.
‰¡à «¡À¡«°°—π°√–·∑° ∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫μàÕÕ«—¬«– °“√π” àߺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫‰ª ∂“π欓∫“≈‚¥¬Àπ૬∫√‘°“√©ÿ°‡©‘π
”§—≠¢Õß√à“ß°“¬‰¥â §◊Õ »’√…– ·≈–§Õ ´÷ßæ∫«à“√âÕ¬≈– Ùı.¯
Ë ¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ. °“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫¢≥–π” àß®“° ∂“π
¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑’Ë»’√…–‡°‘¥®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ®“°®—°√¬“π¬πμå 欓∫“≈Õ◊Ëπ¡’°“√¥Ÿ·≈∂Ÿ°μâÕß√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ú.ˆ˘ ·≈–°“√¥Ÿ·≈ºŸâ
‚¥¬‰¡à «¡À¡«°œ °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ú˘ ªï‡ªìπ°≈ÿࡺŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫ ∫“¥‡®Á∫¢≥–π” àß®“°∑’ˇ°‘¥‡Àμÿ ¡’°“√¥Ÿ·≈∂Ÿ°μâÕß√âÕ¬≈–
®“°°“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå ∑’Ë¡’æƒμ‘°√√¡‰¡à «¡À¡«°œ ¡“° ¯¯.˜¯.
∑’Ë ÿ¥.
Û. °“√§“¥‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬ «‘®“√≥å
ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß ˆı,Ù˜˜ √“¬ ∑’Ë¢—∫¢’Ë√∂¬πμå¡’ºŸâ‰¡à °“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«μ®“°Õÿ∫쇑 Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ„πª√–‡∑»
‘ —
«¡‡¢Á¡¢—¥π‘√¿—¬ ˆ,Òˆˆ √“¬§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ˘Ò.¯˘. ‡¡◊ËÕ ‰∑¬ „π™à«ß æ.». ÚıÙÒ-Úıı æ∫«à“¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ·≈–
ˆÛ
7. «“√ “√«‘®—¬√–∫∫ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ªï∑’Ë Û ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ù μ§.-∏§. ÚııÚ
‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μÕ—π¥—∫·√°¢Õß°“√∫“¥ „π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à·≈– ß°√“πμå. Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡ —¥ à«π
‡®Á∫®“°∑ÿ° “‡Àμÿ ‚¥¬æ∫‡©≈’ˬªï≈– ˆı,Ú˘¯ √“¬ (√âÕ¬≈– °“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å ·≈–∫“¥‡®Á∫≈¥≈ß„π™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“‡¥◊Õπ
ıÒ.ˆ) ¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°∑ÿ° “‡Àμÿ ·≈– —¥ à«π°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ °√°Æ“§¡ ∂÷ßμâπ‡¥◊Õπμÿ≈“§¡ ´÷ßÕ“®‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â«“ ™à«ß‡¢â“æ√√…“
Ë à
√âÕ¬≈– ˆÚ.ˆ¯-˜.ı ¢Õß°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫∑ÿ° ¡’°“√≈¥/‡«âπ°“√¥◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å μ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’¥—È߇¥‘¡¢Õß°“√
“‡Àμÿ. Õ—μ√“°“√ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– ˆ.Ú-˘.˜ ‚¥¬‰¥â√—∫ ªØ‘∫—μ‘μπμ“¡æÿ∑∏»“ π“„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈¥—ß°≈à“«.
Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ„π¿Ÿ¡‘≈”‡π“∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà√âÕ¬≈– ¯ˆ.ı. ºŸâ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ¡’μ—Èß °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂ “∏“√≥– √∂√—∫®â“ß √∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâ √à«¡°—∫
·μà·√°§≈Õ¥∂÷ß ˘˘ ªï. Õ—μ√“ à«π‡æ»À≠‘ßμàՇ滙“¬ ‡∑à“°—∫ °“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å √âÕ¬≈– Û˘.¯ ‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ„Àâ
Ò:Û. °≈ÿ¡∑’∫“¥‡®Á∫¡“°∑’ ¥ §◊Õ Õ“¬ÿ Òı-Ú˘ ªï √âÕ¬≈– ÙÙ.¯
à Ë Ë ÿ ‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà À√◊Õ°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ¢Õߧπ®”π«π¡“° ‚¥¬
·≈–Õ“¬ÿμË”°«à“ Òı ªï√âÕ¬≈– ÒÒ.˜ ‡ªìπºŸâ„™â·√ßß“π√âÕ¬≈– ‡©æ“–√∂°√–∫– √∂μŸâÀ√◊Õ√∂‚¥¬ “√¢π“¥„À≠à. ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
Ûı. ·≈–∑’Ëπà“ π„®·≈–§«√„À⧫“¡ ”§—≠ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– Ú.˜ °“√ Õ∫ «π‡°‘¥Õÿ∫—쑇ÀμÿÀ¡Ÿà æ.». ÚıÙ˘ æ∫«à“¡’ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫
‡ªìπ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫¢Õßπ—°‡√’¬π·≈–π—°»÷°…“. ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ ˆˆˆ √“¬ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ò˜Û √“¬ ‡ªìπ√∂
°“√æ‘®“√≥“ºŸâ∫“¥‡®Á∫®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ¢π àßμ“¡ª√–‡¿∑ºŸâ ‚¥¬ “√√âÕ¬≈– Ù¯., √∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÚÙ., √∂‰ø™π
„™â¬“πæ“Àπ– æ∫‡©≈’ˬ√âÕ¬≈– ˆÚ.ı ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë. ·π«‚πâ¡ √∂¬πμå√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ.Ò ‚¥¬°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ
¢Õß°“√‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®“° æ.». ÚıÙÒ √âÕ¬≈– ˆı.˘ ®“°√∂°√–∫–√âÕ¬≈– ÙÒ.ˆ Õ—μ√“ªÉ«¬μ“¬√âÕ¬≈– Ùı ‚¥¬¡’
‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– ˜Ú.˘ „π æ.». Úıı ·≈–∑’ ”§—≠ °≈ÿ¡Õ“¬ÿ Ò-
Ë à “‡Àμÿ®“°°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å√âÕ¬≈– Òˆ(Ò) ¥—ßπ—Èπ
ÒÙ ªï ‡ªìπºŸâ¢—∫¢’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π¬πμå Ÿß °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡¢â¡ß«¥°ÆÀ¡“¬ °—∫ºŸâ¢—∫¢’ËÀ√◊ÕºŸâ∫√‘°“√
¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– ¯¯.ˆ ·≈–¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π °“√¢—∫¢’Ë®—°√¬“π·≈– √∂ “∏“√≥– §«√¥”‡π‘π°“√Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß¡“°¢÷Èπ.
“¡≈âÕ„π‡¥Á°·≈–ºŸ ßÕ“¬ÿ‰¥â√∫∫“¥‡®Á∫ ¬—ߧߡ’√“¬ß“π‡™àπ°—π.
â Ÿ — ®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ ·π«‚πâ¡°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–
°“√‚¥¬ “√√∂®— ° √¬“π¬πμå ·≈–√∂°√–∫– À√◊ Õ √∂μŸâ ¡’ ‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ∑’ˬ—ß¡’·π«‚πâ¡ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
—¥ à«π¢Õß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√âÕ¬≈– ˆÒ.˘ ·≈– Ú.ı μ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√¢—∫¢’Ë√∂®—°√¬“π¬πμå„π°≈ÿࡇ¥Á°π—°‡√’¬π·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â
´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“æ“Àπ–Õ◊Ëπ. ªØ‘ ∫— μ‘ μ “¡°Æ®√“®√ ·≈–¡’ æ ƒμ‘ ° √√¡‡ ’Ë ¬ ßμà Õ °“√‡°‘ ¥
°“√‡°‘¥‡Àμÿ„π™à«ß‡«≈“‡¬Áπ Ÿß ÿ¥ Ò¯.-ÚÛ.ı˘ π. Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Ÿß. °“√°”Àπ¥¡“μ√°“√‡™‘ß√ÿ° ·≈–°“√°”°—∫¥â“π
√âÕ¬≈– Û˜.˜-Ù.Ú Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ„π«—π‡ “√å·≈–Õ“∑‘μ¬å√âÕ¬≈– °ÆÀ¡“¬ μ≈Õ¥®π°“√„À⧫“¡√Ÿâ ‡æ◊Õ§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√¢—∫¢’Ë
Ë
Òˆ.; ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡ μ≈Õ¥™à«ß‡∑»°“≈ªï„À¡à ‡ªìπ‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’ ¬— ß §ßμâ Õ ß¥”‡π‘ π °“√Õ¬à “ ߇¢â ¡ ß«¥·≈–μà Õ ‡π◊Ë Õ ß¡“°¢÷È π
°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ (√âÕ¬≈– ˘.ÛÒ) ·μà°“√‡ ’¬™’«‘μ Ÿß ÿ¥ ®–™à«¬≈¥‚Õ°“ ‡ ’ˬßμàÕ°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ∫π∑âÕß∂ππ
„π‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π ‡∑»°“≈ ß°√“πμå √âÕ¬≈– Ò.¯ ·≈–°“√ ‰¥â.
‡ ’¬™’«‘μ„π™à«ß‡∑»°“≈¥—ß°≈à“« ¡’ªí®®—¬°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡
·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å¡“°°«à“™à«ßÕ◊ËπÊ ·≈–°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ °‘μμ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
à«π„À≠à‡°‘¥®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ°“√™π√âÕ¬≈– ıı.˜Û ·≈–√∂≈â¡ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫ Ú¯ ‡§√◊Õ¢à“¬®—ßÀ«—¥,
§«Ë”Àß“¬ μ°∂ππ√âÕ¬≈– ÙÚ.Ú ‚¥¬¡’º≈μàÕÕ«—¬«– ”§—≠ ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ°“√ √â“߇ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ ( .) ·≈–
¢Õß√à“ß°“¬ §◊Õ »’√…– ·≈–§Õ √âÕ¬≈– Û ¢Õß∑ÿ°Õ«—¬«–∑’Ë ¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢·Ààß™“μ‘ (¡ ™.) ·≈–‡®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë°≈ÿà¡ß“π
‰¥â√—∫∫“¥‡®Á∫. √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“‚√§‰¡àμ‘¥μàÕ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“ ‰¥â„Àâ‚Õ°“
æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√¥◊Ë¡‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈嬗߇ªìπªí®®—¬ ·≈–§«“¡√à«¡¡◊Õ„π°“√¥”‡π‘π«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È®π·≈⫇ √Á®.
‡ ’ˬßÕÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∫“¥‡®Á∫·≈–‡ ’¬™’«‘μ®“°°“√¢π àß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–
604
8. Journal of Health Systems Research Vol. 3 No. 4 Oct.-Dec. 2009
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß and Safety Promotion. Bangalore 560029.
Ò. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π ˜. Shinji N, Witaya C, Masao I. Temporal distribution of motorcy-
‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï clist injuries and risk of fatalities in relation to age, helmet use,
ÚıÙ˘. and riding while intoxicated in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Accident
Ú. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:833-42. Available from: URL:
‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘ : √ÿª√“¬ß“π°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß‚√§ª√–®”ªï http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Accessed August 3,
Úıı. 2008.
Û. °√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ °√¡§«∫§ÿ¡‚√§ ”π—°√–∫“¥«‘∑¬“. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√ ¯. ‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å ÿ√‘¬æß»å‰æ»“≈, ¡™—¬ °“≠®π ÿμ. Injuries in Thailand:
„™â·∫∫∫—π∑÷°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫·Ààß™“μ‘. °√ÿ߇∑æ: ÚıÙˆ. trend, selected, underlying determinants and status of intervention.
Ù. °“≠®π’¬å ¥”𓧷°â«. √–∫“¥«‘∑¬“°“√∫“¥‡®Á∫√ÿπ·√ß®“°Õÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2003;10:95-104. Available
¢π àß „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ÚıÙÚ-ÚıÙ˜. «“√ “√°√¡°“√·æ∑¬å from: URL: http//www.stroke.chop.uk./journal/17457300. Accessed
ÚıÙ˜;˜:ÙÒÒ-ÚÒ. August 3, 2008.
ı. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å. ªí®®—¬‡ ’ˬßμàÕÕÿ∫—쑇Àμÿ∑“ß∂ππ. ∂“π°“√≥å ˘. Vira K, Tamu V, The role of alcohol in Thailand motorcycle
ÿ¢¿“æ‰∑¬ ”π—°ß“πæ—≤π“√–∫∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢à“« “√, «√ ªï∑’Ë Ú ©∫—∫∑’Ë crashed. Accident Analysis and Prevention 2005;37:357-60. Avail-
Ò, ¡’π“§¡ ÚıÙ˘. able from:URL: http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal. Ac-
ˆ. Guraraj G. Road traffic deaths, injuries and disabilities Interven- cessed July 22,2008.
tion systems, data availabilities, needs and application. Department Ò. ¬Õ¥æ≈ ∏π“∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å, ∏‡πμ√ ‡ ∂’¬√π“¡. Traffic Accident in Thai-
of Epidemiology, WHO Collaboration Center of Injury Prevention land. J Eastern Asia Soc Transport Res 2005;20:88-100.
ˆı