The document discusses different strategies companies can take when entering new markets or repositioning existing products. It presents examples of companies that have successfully:
1) Introduced new products targeted at new markets like Google+ and Metro services in Bangalore.
2) Resegmented existing markets by targeting customer needs not addressed by competitors, such as Deccan Airlines offering $1 tickets and Flipkart entering online shopping.
3) Reinvented their markets by educating customers about new possibilities, as LinkedIn and Facebook showed professional and social networking respectively.