Types of Exporters

1. By Manish Manghnani

2.  Manufacturer Exporter
 Merchant Exporter
 Export Houses
 Star Export Houses
 Trading Houses
 StarTrading Houses
 Canalizing Agencies
 State Export Corporations
 Export Consortia
 Government Public SectorTrading Corporation

3.  Manufacturer Exporter" means a person who
manufactures goods and exports or intends to export such
goods.The manufacturer exporter procures and process
raw materials at his factory and exports finished products.
Here, the manufacturer exporter procures the export
order and exports in their own name.
 They are not dependent on intermediaries for exporting.
 some exporter manufacture superior quality called "export
quality products".
 Since export trade requires huge financial support only
large organization can manage this.
 In India large business houses such asTata, Birla's, Ambuja
Cement,L&T etc. act as manufacturer exporter

4.  Merchant exporters are primarily marketing trading
organizations specialized in exporting Indian goods.
 They book orders directly or through their agents & act as a
middlemen between Indian Exporters & Foreign Buyers.
 Merchant exporters focus on the demands in foreign market
& therefore are in less risk, by adapting export marketing
strategy.
 Merchant exporters export products like food Products,
Beverages, Exclusive Furniture, Cement, Oil Painting,
ComputerTechnology Items, Processors, Hard Drives,
Electrical Products etc;Via. Sea freight, Air freight, Customs
HouseAgents, CHA, LCL, FCL etc.

5. Export House is defined as a registered exporter
holding a valid Export House Certificate issued by the
Director general of ForeignTrade in India.

6.  To make available supplies of essential commodities
to consumers at reasonable prices on a regular basis.
 To ensure a fair price of the produce to the farmers so
that there may be an adequate incentive to increase
production.
 To minimize violent price fluctuations occurring as a
result of seasonal variations in supply and demand.
 To arrange for supply of fertilizers and insecticides
 To arrange for storage, transportation, packaging and
processing.

7.  In April 2007 the government replaced the
concept of two star export house by star export
house.
 The units eligible to apply for the recognition of
star export house include manufacturer
exporters, merchant exporters, units in SEZ etc.
 In order to qualify for star export house, the
exporter must have aggregate export
performance of rs.100 crore during the four
years computed in FOB performance.

8. Status Category Export Performance FOB /FOR (as
Converted Value in US $ Millions)
One Star House 3
Two Star House 25
Three Star House 100
Four Star House 500
Five Star House 2000

9.  A business that specializes in facilitating
transactions between a home country and
foreign countries. A trading house is an
exporter, importer and also a trader that
purchases and sells products for other
businesses.Trading houses provide a service
for businesses that want international trade
experts to receive or deliver goods or services

10. The government of India has recognized a new class of trading
house called star trading house to facilitate global marketing
activities in the export import policy. 1990-93 exporters having
exports during the preceding three licensing years of Rs.500 Crores
fob shall qualify the exporter for the recognition as a star trading
status.

11.  To make available supplies of essential
commodities to consumers at reasonable
prices on a regular basis.
 To ensure a fair price of the produce to the
farmers so that there may be an adequate
incentive to increase production.

12.  Canalizing agencies are concerned with
production, distribution and marketing of goods
and services.
 The main canalizing agency is the StateTrading
Corporation of India which was established on
May 18, 1956.
 For example : MMTC Ltd. Metals and Minerals
Trading Corporation of India, is one of the two
highest earners of foreign exchange for India and
India's largest public sector trading body

13.  In India some state government have set up
export corporations to promote exports of the
products manufactured by the small scale
industries(SSIs) and cottage industries.
 Some of the state are Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and
BiharWhich have set-up State corporation for
promoting Small Scale Industries(SSIs) and
cottage industries.
 These are exclusive export corporations
engaged in export marketing of SSIs and cottage
industries only.

14.  Manufactures from the small scale sector find
it difficult to export on their own due to
financial, marketing and other difficulties.
 They form co-operative marketing groups for
joint export marketing
 Small/ individual marketing firms get the
benefit of joint marketing research, joint
publicity abroad and the benefit of joint
shipment of goods

15.  The government of India has to set up a number
of government/public sector trading corporation
in the field of foreign trade.
 corporations support and supplement the efforts
of private sector export organizations.
 Corporations handle actual export-import
transactions
 maintaining offices/branches abroad and
function like any other commercial unit in the
private sector.
 operation is done as per the guidelines issued by
the government from time-to-time.