enzymes working as therapeutic agents uses off enzymes msc level information history of therapeutic enzymes

1. Enzymes as
therapeutic agents
Mandira bhosale
FMBCH2122005

2. Therapeutic
agents
 Chemical substances that is used for the
treatment or mitigation of a disease
condition or ailment
 Therapeutic agents are used to treat the
disease in safe way.
 Can be drug powder ,tablet, injection,
syrup.

3. Enzymes
 Features:
1) They often bind and act on their targets with
high affinity and specificity.
2) They have catalytic property and convert
multiple target molecules to the desired products
at higher speed rate.

4. Therapeutic
+
enzymes
 Enzymes with therapeutic properties.
 Therapeutic enzymes are the biocatalyst used to treat
medical conditions and diseases.
 In the late 19th century, crude proteolytic enzymes were
used to treat gastrointestinal disorders only e.g. pepsin
for dyspepsia.
 Later researcher observed that an extra cellular
secretion i.e. nuclease (enzymatically degrades nucleic
acid) of bacillus pyocyaneus kills anthrax bacilli and
protects mice.
 This became milestone in the use of parental enzyme in
the treatment of infections, cancers and finally diverse
spectrum of diseases.

5. Properties of
therapeutic
enzymes
 The favored kinetics of the enzymes
used in therapy should be of low Km and
high Vmax in order to be maximally
efficient at low concentration of the
enzymes and its substrate.
 Another is a purified form and quantity.

6.  Enzyme therapy:
 Enzyme therapy is a plan of dietary supplements of plant
and animal enzymes used to facilitate the digestive
process and improve the body's ability to maintain
balanced metabolism.
 In enzyme replacement therapy enzyme which is deficient
in body get replaced via intravenous (IV) infusion of a
solution.
 Enzyme replacement therapy is also available for some
lysosomal storage disease like Gaucher disease ,fabry
disease, hunter syndrome etc.
 ERT also used to treat patients with severe combined
immunodeficiency.

7. Sources
Animal source
Plant source
Microbial source

8. Enzyme Source
Trypsin Ox bile
Chymotrypsin Ox bile & pancreas
Lipase Pancreas
Urokinase Human urine
Lysozyme Hen eggs
Pepsin Hog pancreas

9. Enzyme Source
Papain Papaya
Bromelain Pineapple
Amylase Barley
Nattokinase Natto

10. Enzymes Sources
Streptokinase Beta haemolytic streptococci
Hyaluronidase Gram positive bacteria
Glutaminase E coli
Lipase Aspergillus

11. Choice of
enzymes
source:
Microbial sources are preferred.
1) Cheaper to produce
2) Their enzyme content is more
predictable and controllable
3) Reliable supplies of raw material are of
constant composition
4) Plant and animal sources contain more
harmful material than microbes.

12. Therapeutic
enzymes
have a broad
variety of
specific
uses:
1) Oncolytic
2) Anticoagulants
3) Digestive aids
4) Metabolic storage disorders, etc
5) Thrombolytic
6) Anti inflammatory agent
7) Replacements for metabolic deficiencies

13. oncolytic
• Asparaginase is an enzyme that catalyzes the
hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid and
ammonia.
• Isolated from different types of bacteria,
namely Escherichia coli and Erwania chryanthemi.
• L-asparaginase is used to treat acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid
leukemia (AML), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Glutaminase and arginase can also be used to
treat cancer.

14. Thrombolytic  Streptokinase is the microbial enzyme derived from the
streptococcus species.
 The enzyme is thrombolytic in nature, can break down the
blood clots in veins and prevent coronary artery disease.
 Dissolution of clot by converting intrinsic plasminogen
present in the clot to active plasmin.
 In 1987, FDA has approved this enzyme for treating
heart attacks which is produced in bulk based on r DNA
technology.

15. Anticoagulant
 Nattokinase
 Nattokinase is an that is extracted from a popular
Japanese food called natto.
 Natto is boiled soybeans that have been fermented with a
type of bacteria.
 Natto has been used as a folk remedy for diseases of the
heart and blood vessels for hundreds of years.
 1) POTENT ANTICOAGULANT AGENT, widely used for
the prevention of heart attacks, stroke, and ather
thrombotic diseases.
 2) Hypercholesterolemia
 3) hypertension
 4) Alzheimer's DISEASE.

16. anti-
inflammatory
 BROMELAIN
 It has been chemically known since 1875 and is used as a
phytomedical compound.
 Exhibits various fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and anti
inflammatory activities.
 Bromelain is considerably absorbable in the body without
losing its proteolytic activity and without producing any
major side effects.
 As an antinflammatory agent in bronchitis, sinusitis,
osteoarthritis.
 It is useful in the prevention and treatment of
thrombophlebitis.
 Treatment of wounds, and Enhanced absorption of drugs,
particularly antibiotics.

17. Digestive aid
 Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme Naturally produced
by the pancreas of the human body.
 Chymotrypsin breaks down protein into dipeptide and
some single amino acids by hydrolysis of peptide bond in
small intestine.
 Bromelain is a anti inflammatory enzymes. And to cures
digestive disorders.
 Rennin helps to digest milk protein
 Papain helps to digest protein and loosen necrotic tissues
and waste material from the cell wall.
 Cellulase is an enzyme that breaks down cellulose to ß-
glucose, produced by bacterial fungi and grazing animals
such as cow. Cellulose is non-digestible by human because
we do not produce Cellulase.

18. Other
•Hyaluronidase
• Used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed
their dispersion and delivery.
• Common applications are ophthalmic surgery, in
combination with local anesthetics.
• It also increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids
given by interstitial or subcutaneous infusions
• As Anti-Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents
• used in cosmetic industries.

20. Advantages
1. Enzymes are highly selective and specific for their
action.
2. Enzymes as drugs are more potential than the small
molecular drugs.
3. Enzymes required in small quantities but in highly
purified form.
4. Catalyzes many reactions.
5. In various API enzymes are used for the manufacturing
of drug.
6. Enzyme therapy is more efficient .
7. Many enzymes works as anticoagulant , anticancer,
thrombolytic.
8. Economically feasible and consistent.

21. Future
prospects
• The use of therapeutic enzymes in various fields such as
industrial and pharmaceutical have increased greatly during
the past few years.
• Rapid advances may be expected in the availability of
high purity enzymes on an industrial scale.
•Various industries including enzyme manufacturers are
carrying out enzyme research currently to find new and
improved methods of using enzymes for medical purposes.
• There is a great and growing market for therapeutic
enzymes. Many diseases have increased the demand of
enzymes as therapeutic agents.
• Studies are been conducted to utilize the varied microbial
resources including both marine and terrestrial
microorganisms.

22. References
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28786356/
 https://www.ijcmas.com/vol-4-
4/Prajakta%20Mane%20and%20Vidya%20Tale.pdf
 https://medchrome.com/basic-
science/pharmacology/therapeutic-use-of-enzymes-2/
 https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/85182
 https://www.slideshare.net/VikasCJ1/enzyme-therapy-76937937
 https://www.slideshare.net/DrReubenSyiem/enzyme-therapy-
235832492?qid=59b7e86c-dda8-41db-889b-
9edfbcd2c652&v=&b=&from_search=19