VIRUSES structure and classification ppt by Dr.Prince C P
Experiment powerpoint
1.
2. Objectives
At the end of the session, the participants should be
able to:
Identify the different process skills in the
development of science ideas particularly
experimenting;
Perform experimental activity using different
variables;
Explain the effect of controlled variables,
dependent and independent variables in making
an experiment.
8. Dr. Julian Barzon
Filipino chemist,
researched
methods of
producing
alternative fuels
from sugarcane
and coconut.
9. The Dutch scientist commonly known as
“the Father of Microbiology”.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
10. What do you think will
happen to this egg if
placed in a tap water?
What could help this egg
float in water?
Assumptions: Assumptions:
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
11. Get: 1 egg
Water
6 tablespoons Salt
A tall drinking glass
Do:
1. Pour water into the glasses until it is about half full.
2. Stir in lots of salt (about 6 tablespoons)
3. Carefully pour in plain water until the glass is nearly full
(be careful to not disturb or mix the salty water with the plain
water)
4. Lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.
Divide into groups of 5
Make an experimental design based on the
following:
12. Use this pattern…
Problem
Hypothesis
Materials
Procedure
Observation/Analysis
Conclusion
13. Answer this…
1. What happened to the egg when you placed it into the
water with salt?
2. What made the egg float?
3. What are the materials that are used in the
experiment?
4. What materials changed?
5. What are the materials that remained constant?
6. If the salt was not mixed to the water do you think the
egg will float? Why or why not?
15. Experimenting
An experimenting is a way of testing a
hypothesis.
- A test under controlled conditions that is
made to demonstrate a known truth,
examine the validity of a hypothesis, or
determine the efficacy of something
previously untried.
- is a cause-and-effect test between two
variables.
17. Problems and Questions
Why do we want to do experiments?
We want to do experiments to find
the answers to our questions or
problems.
18. What is the problem?
An egg sinks to the bottom if you
drop it into a glass of ordinary
drinking water but what happens if
you add salt?
19. Look at your surroundings.
Identify possible problems that
you observed.
20. Hypothesis
educated guess
referred to as an "if-then" statement, a hypothesis makes a
prediction about what will happen as the result of a specific event.
Consider the background knowledge
The problem: your friend's car doesn't start
Potential hypotheses for the car not starting are:
My guess is that a dead battery is the reason for the car not starting.
My guess is that a damaged alternator is the reason for the car not
starting.
My guess is that the spark plugs are not firing properly is the reason
for the car not starting.
My guess is that blown fuses are the reasons for the car not starting.
21. A good hypothesis takes the form of "If I do this, then
that will happen.
If the water faucet is opened, then the amount
of water flowing will increase.
If fenders are placed on a bicycle, then the
user will stay dry when going through
puddles.
If a prisoner learns a work skill while in jail,
then he is less likely to commit a crime when
he is released.
If I raise the temperature of a cup of water,
then the amount of sugar that can be
dissolved in it will be increased.
22. Let’s make an educated guess
Does the amount of butter in the
popcorn kernels affect the number
of kernels that pop?
Hypothesis :
1.
23. If you put an ice cube on a
plate and place it on the
table, what will happen?
Hypothesis:
1.
2.
3.
24. List 3 hypothesis from the problem
below..….
What makes an egg
float in water?
If…..
then….
25. Designing & Doing the
Experiment continued
STEP 1 – Consider Your Question or Problem
(What am I testing and how can I do it?)
STEP 2 – Think About All the Variables
(What might change in my experiment?)
A variable is a difference or a part of your
experiment that can change.
Example- if you were to do an experiment on
plants, you could change……..the amount of
water or light, and the kind of dirt or plant.
26. Designing & Doing the
Experiment continued
STEP 3 – Set-Up a Controlled Experiment
(How do I keep the variables from
changing?)
In your experiment design you can only have one variable
that changes. The variable that changes should be the
one that you are testing.
27. If you chose to do an experiment on light and
plant growth, you would make sure that the
variable that changes is the amount of light.
28. Controlled variables
all other variables are kept the same in order
to be sure which affected the outcome
Called constant variables
Example:
Amount of sunlight
Temperature
Others???
29. Independent variable:
the variable which is manipulated
this is what you change
Example: Kind of water
Dependent variable:
also called the responding variable
Changes because of what you did to it
(independent)
This is the outcome
Example: Growth of the plant
30. Identify the variables in the
experiment
Controlled
Variables
Independent
Variable
(manipulated
variable)
Dependent Variables
(responding
variables)
Amount of liquid
The egg
Amount of salt
Type of egg
Glass
water Salt (6 tbsp.)
31. Designing & Doing the
Experiment continued
STEP 4 – Doing the Experiment
(What materials do I need?)
This is the easiest part of designing and
doing an experiment because all you
have to do is get your materials together
and set it up! WARNING! You need to
make sure that you’re taking it seriously
and thinking about safety.
Created by: Mrs. B-D 2007
32. Observing & Recording
Observing and recording is an important
step in the Scientific Method. Your
observations and the data you collect
help you answer your question or
problem and form your conclusion. It
might be a good idea to have a friend
help you do this step.
Created by: Mrs. B-D 2007
33. Set up A (water without
salt)
B (water with
salt)
Did the egg float? No Yes
Amount of salt added
Set up w/o salt 2 tbsp. 4 tbsp. 6 tbsp
water No No No Yes
34. Qualitative Data:
Observe means to
examine carefully. You
observe what is
happening in the
experiment by using your
senses, but not all of
them! Some of the
senses are not safe to
use when you’re doing an
experiment, such as
touch and taste.
35. Quantitative Data:
Information that you
collect using
instruments is called
quantitative data.
Quantitative data
may be time,
distance, length,
speed, volume, mass
or weight.
36. Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
•blue/green color, gold frame
•smells old and musty
•with frame 14" by 18"
•texture shows brush strokes of
oil paint
picture is 10" by 14"
weighs 8.5 pounds
surface area of painting is 140 sq.
in.
•peaceful scene of the country
•masterful brush strokes
cost $300
37. Conclusion
Is the summary of what happened in the
experiment.
A conclusion is a reexamination of your
original hypothesis in regards to the data
you have collected.
is the final, and most important, part of
the process.
……. I therefore conclude that an
egg floats in water with salt.
38. For example: Conclusion
for watering seeds with
saltwater
The roots of the plant had
turned brown and started to die
because the salt had
prevented them from
absorbing the water.
39. What conclusions can you make
from the following hypotheses…
If the water faucet is opened, then the amount
of water flowing will increase.
If fenders are placed on a bicycle, then the
user will stay dry when going through
puddles.
If a prisoner learns a work skill while in jail,
then he is less likely to commit a crime when
he is released.
40.
41. Experimental Design
PROBLEM : What makes an egg
float in water?
HYPOTHESIS: If the salt is added in
the glass of water then the egg will
float.
MATERIALS:1 egg, Water, Salt,
drinking glass
42. PROCEDURE:
1. Pour water into the glass until it is about half
full.
2. Stir in lots of salt (about 6 tablespoons)
3. Carefully pour in plain water until the glass is
nearly full (be careful to not disturb or mix the
salty water with the plain water)
4. Gently lower the egg into the water and
watch what happens.
44. Lets try this…
1. In science class, five groups of students
conducted an experiment to find the effect of
sunlight on the starch content of leaves. The
first step in scientific method is to
A. Perform the activity
B. Draw conclusion and generalization
C. Formulate hypothesis
D. Identify the problem
Answer: D
45. 2. Julie has the following objects:
ƒtwo ice cubes
ƒan empty glass
ƒa glass of water at room temperature
Which question could Julie answer most easily
by conducting a scientific
investigation?
A What is the temperature of the water?
B Does ice melt faster in air or in water?
C How long does it take for water to freeze?
D Does the mass of an ice cube change when it
melts?
Answer : B
46. 3. One morning, Ryan noticed there were tiny drops
of water on the grass as he walked to school.
That afternoon, he did not see any drops of water on
the grass when he returned home. Which
of the following best explains what happened to the
drops of water?
A. The heat from the air caused the water drops to
boil.
B. The air cooled the water and caused the drops to
freeze.
C. The Sun heated the water and caused the drops
to evaporate.
D. The energy from the Sun caused the water drops
to condense.
Answer:
C
47. 4. A farmer raises chickens in cages. He
noticed that some chickens lay more eggs than
others. Another farmer tells him that, the
amount of food and water given to chicken, and
the weight of chicken affect the number of eggs
they lay. Which of the following is NOT likely to
be a factor that affects the number of egg laid
by the chickens.
A. The size of the cage where the eggs are
laid.
B. The weight of the chickens.
C. The amount of food given to the chickens.
D. The amount of water given to the
chickens.
Answer: A
48. 5. Gabriel is designing an experiment to see whether
sugar or artificial sweetener will attract the greater
number of ants. Which statement best describes why
Gabriel should write down his experimental procedure?
A. The exact experiment can be repeated by others and
the results compared.
B. The experiment can be changed by others to get
different results.
C. The data will help people decide what type of
sweetener to use.
D. The data will show people which ants are more
common.
Answer : A
49. 6. What is the correct order for steps in
the scientific method?
a. have a question, formulate hypothesis,
develop method, gather data, draw conclusion.
b. formulate hypothesis, have a question,
develop method, gather data, draw conclusion.
c. formulate hypothesis, have a question, gather
data, develop method, draw conclusion.
d. have a question, formulate hypothesis, draw
conclusion, develop method, gather data.
Answer:
A
50. 7. Which is NOT considered a safety
procedure?
A. Read all the steps in your activity
before doing it.
B. If in doubt about any part of an
activity, trust your instincts.
C. Follow teachers instructions.
D. Follow the textbooks directions
correctly.
Answer: B
51. 8. A hypothesis ____________
A. Can be completely proven
B. Is a possible answer to a question,
tested through an experiment
C. Does not have to be tested to be
accepted as probably correct
D. Is a proven fact
Answer: B
52. 9. Which of the following is NOT
part of how scientist work?
A. Experimenting
B. Observation
C. Random guessing
D. Hypothesizing
Answer: C
53. 10.“The plant in container A has
five leaves” is an example of
_________________.
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative
C. Inference
D. Interest
Answer: B
