PTCL REPORT

Internship Report On PTCL
1
INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
PTCL (PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATIONCOMPANYLIMITED)
Submitted by:
Maira Ramzan
2014-ag-5995
BS (Computer Science)
Submission date:
17/7/2017
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD

2
Name of the Organization:
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED
Office of the SM & HR Business Partner FTR Faisalabad

3
DEDICATION:
This report is dedicated to my Parents and teachers
who took initiative and Did grim struggle for my
education and Always stress on me to utilize my time.

4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
I am full of gratitude to Almighty ALLAH for giving
me the life and energy to conceive and actualize the
internship and this report. I had a pleasant experience
to work with “PTCL”. I pay my heartily thanks to my
mentor Dr. SALMAN, my instructor and my friend
MAHNOOR HABIB. My Family, who gave me the
moral support needed for studies.

5
EXECUTIVE SUMAARY:
The Company where I did my internship is called Pakistan Telecommunication Company
(PTCL). My internship started on 5/06/2017 and lasted for 6 weeks until 15/07/2017. During the
internship work a student is required to write whatever practices and practical work he has done
in his internship work. The main purpose of the internship report is to familiarize student with
techniques being adopted by the organization.
Among the three sections. Section 1 introduction about the Organization, Brief history,
Competitors and policy. Organizational Hierarchy chart, Number of employees, Main office,
Introduction of all the departments and comments on the Organizational structure.
SECTION 2 is about the Department in which I conducted the Internship, along with the
Services that are provided by the specified department Switching. In which I was able to
understand about Basic Telecommunication Network, Switching, Exchanges (Local Exchange,
National Exchange and International Exchange), Types of Exchanges and also visiting MDF and
more learn about NGN, MSAG, Soft Switch and also do some activity.
SECTION 3 is about the Department in which I conducted the Internship, along with the
Services that are provided by the specified department Transmission. In which I was able to
understand about Transmission, SDH, PDH, SDH Rates, DSLAM and Topology types (Point to
point topology, Point to multipoint topology, Ring topology, Mesh topology).
SECTION 4 reflective journal entries.
SECTION 5 which is the last section of this report consists of the Findings and observed I did
during the internship duration, Recommendations that I thought would benefit the organization.

6
Table of Contents:
(Section 1) 1 HISTORY OF THE PTCL........................................................................................ 8
1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9
1.2 POLICY OF THE PTCL ........................................................................................................ 9
1.3 COMPETITORS OF THE PTCL ........................................................................................... 9
2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF PTCL ........................................................................ 10
2.1 ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY .................................................................................. 11
2.2 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES ............................................................................................... 11
2.3 MAIN OFFICES................................................................................................................... 11
2.4 INTRODUCTION OF ALL DEPARTMENT...................................................................... 12
3.5 COMMENTS ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ........................................... 13
3 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT ........................................................................................14
3.1 REASON FOR SELECTING PTCL ....................................................................................14
3.2 PURPOSE OF THE INTERNSHIP ...................................................................................... 14
3.3 DURATION OF THE INTERNSHIP .................................................................................. 14
(Section 2) 4 BASIC TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS ................................................. 15
5 SWITCHING............................................................................................................................... 15
6 EXCHANGES............................................................................................................................. 15
6.1 LOCAL EXCHANGE .......................................................................................................... 16
6.2 NATIONAL EXCHANGE................................................................................................... 16
6.3 INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE ....................................................................................... 16
6.4 TYPES OF EXCHANGES ................................................................................................... 17
7 MDF ............................................................................................................................................ 18
8 INSIDE PLANET........................................................................................................................ 18
9 OUTSIDE PLANET.................................................................................................................... 18
10 CABINET.................................................................................................................................. 18
11 DP.............................................................................................................................................. 19
12 NGN – NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS.......................................................................... 19
12.1 COMPARISON OF COMMUNICATION SWITCHING NETWORK ............................ 20
13 MSAG........................................................................................................................................ 20
13.1 SOFT SWITCH .................................................................................................................. 21
13.2 ACTIVITY INCLUDE ....................................................................................................... 21
(Section 3) 14 TRANSMISSION .................................................................................................. 21

7
15 SDH ........................................................................................................................................... 22
16 LIMITATION PHD................................................................................................................... 22
17 SDH MERITS ........................................................................................................................... 22
17.1 SDH RATES....................................................................................................................... 23
17.2 SDH BIT RATES ............................................................................................................... 23
17.3 SDH MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................... 23
18 DSLAM ..................................................................................................................................... 24
19 TYPES OF TOPOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 24
19.1 POINT TO POINT TOPOLOGY ....................................................................................... 25
19.2 POINT TO MULTIPOINT TOPOLOGY .......................................................................... 25
19.3 RING TOPOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 26
19.4 MESH TOPOLOGY........................................................................................................... 26
19.5 MESH TOPOLOGY ADVANTAGES &DISADVANTAGES......................................... 27
20 INTERNSHIP TASK ................................................................................................................ 27
(Section 4) 21 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL ENTRIES ...................................................................28
(Section 5) 22 OBSERVATION.................................................................................................... 30
23 RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................................................................................31

8
1 HISTORY OF THE PTCL:
From the beginning of the Posts & Telegraph Department in 1949 and establishment of
Pakistan Telephone & Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in
telecommunication in Pakistan.
Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from
Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication
Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the Government's competitive policy, encouraging
private sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular, card-operated pay-
phones, paging and, lately, data communication services. Pursuing a progressive policy, the
Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatize PTCL.
In 2005, Government of Pakistan decided to sell 26 percent of this company to some private
corporation. There were three participants in the bet for privatization of PTCL. Etisalat, an Abu
Dhabi-based company was able to get the shares with a large margin in the bet. Government of
Pakistan retained 62% of the shares while the remaining 12% are held by the general public.
Government's plan of privatizing the corporation were not welcomed in all circles, countrywide
protests and strikes were held by PTCL workers. They disrupted phone lines of institutions like
Punjab University Lahore along with public sector institutions were also blocked. Military had to
take over the management of all the exchanges in the country. They arrested many workers and
put them behind bars. The contention between Government and employees ended with a 30%
increase in the salaries of workers.
PTCL headquarters is located in Sector G-8, Islamabad, and has over ten regional headquarters
throughout the country. The Board of Directors of Pakistan Telecommunications Company Ltd.
(PTCL), Pakistan’s leading telecommunication has announced the appointment of Dr. Daniel
Ritz as President & CEO of the PTCL Group with effect from 3rd March 2016. He succeeds Mr.
Walid Irshaid, who was President & CEO of the PTCL Group since March 2007. Dr. Daniel Ritz
is the current President and CEO of the company.
Today PTCL is the largest fixed line telecommunications service provider in the country. PTCL
services include Landline and Wireless Telephony, Broadband and 3G internet, IPTV.

9
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is a mega corporation and a leading
telecommunication company in Pakistan. The corporation provides Voice and Data solutions
nation-wide and is the backbone for country's telecommunication
infrastructure despite arrival of a several other telecommunication companies, including Wateen,
World Call & Qubee. The corporation manages and operates the largest fixed line network. PTCL
also work as backbone of other services such as GSM, CMDA.
1.2 POLICY OF THE PTCL:
To continuously strive for the best Quality of Services in telecom services in the country
Including.
1. Achieving and exceeding Customer Satisfaction.
2. Complying with all the applicable regulatory standards.
3. Continually improving the Quality of Service.
4. Facilitating a conducive, safe and ethical working environment.
5. Ensuring the right quality of products and services from PTCL vendors.
1.3 Competitors of PTCL:
 In Data services
 Wateen
 Link Dot Net
 Mobilink Infinity
 Qubee
 Wi-Tribe
 World Call
 Naya Tel
 In Voice services
 Mobilink
 Telenor
 China Mobile
 Warid
 Zong

10
2 Organizationalstructure of PTCL:
Board of Directors
CEO
Project Director
Marketing
&
Sales
FinanceInformation
System
Customer
Care
Engineering
Quality
Assurance
Information
technology
HR
&
Admin

11
2.1 OrganizationalHierarchy:
2.2 Number of Employees:
Number of employees in PTCL is more than 1400. Technical employees about 500, Operational
employees about 600, HR employees about 50 and some other third party employees.
2.3 Main Offices:
The Head Office of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited is situated in
Sector G-8/4, Islamabad, which is headed by the "President". Besides, it has Regional
Headquarters like:
 Islamabad Telecom Region,
 Rawalpindi Telecom Region,
 Hazara Telecom Region Abbottabad,
 Northern Telecom Region-I Peshawar,
 Lahore Telecom Region (South),
 Lahore Telecom Region (North),

12
 Multan Telecom Region,
 Faisalabad Telecom Region
 Southern Telecom Region-I Hyderabad
 Southern Telecom Region-II Karachi
 Southern Telecom Region-V Sukkur
 Western Telecom Region Quetta.
 Switching network Central region Lahore.
These Regions provide Telecommunications services to the customers in their
respective areas. Apart from these, PTCL has an Optical Fiber Construction Region Lahore and
Optic Fiber System Islamabad, each headed by a General Manager.
2.4 Introduction of all department:
o Engineering
o Minuteness department
o Operation department
o Research and development
o Marketing
o It is concerned with the creation of value for the customers
o Finance
o Accounting department
o Revenue department
o Taxation department
o Human Recourse department
o Training and Development
o Needs of the human resources
o Needs of the people hired by the company.
o Stay competitive and to meet needs of the customer.

13
2.5 Comments on the OrganizationalStructure:
The structure of the organization is very good in my opinion.

14
3 INTRODUCTIONTO THE REPORT:
I have prepared this report as an essential requirement. It has to be written after the completion of
six weeks’ internship, which is a necessary part of the degree with the aim to provide the students
with actual life experience and use their knowledge in practical.
3.1 Reasonforselecting the PTCL:
The Telecom Sector is spreading all over the world and it is going to be the essential part of the
lives of the humans. It is going through a process of rapid change in the world of technology. In
line with global trend and for meeting the emerging demand, major initiatives have been taken by
PTCL
3.2 Purpose of the Internship
 To see the practical world of what we studied during the study.
 To understand how the practical organizations, apply the knowledge of the theories.
 To study the organization for its function and analysis on the basis of the study.
3.3 Duration of the internship:
Starting and Ending dates 5/6/2017 to 15/7/2017 of internship. Departments Switching and
Transmission for six weeks.
SM (SW Ops) FA (3 weeks)
SM (NW Ops) FA (3 weeks)

15
4 Basic TelecommunicationNetworks:
 Purpose: to transmit user information in any form to another user of network
 Consists of different networks providing different services, e.g., data, fixed and cellular
telephony services
 Three technologies needed for communication through a network
o Transmission
o Switching
o Signaling
5 Switching:
 With the growth of telephones there was a need to switch signals from one wire to another
 At first switches were manually controlled
 Automatic switches, known as exchanges
 Switching had to be controlled by telephone user with the help of pulses generated by a dial
 Modern exchanges are software controlled having capacity of thousands of subscribers
6 Exchanges:
 An exchange is made up of thousands of local lines grouped together into a single switched
grouping connected to and switched from a central office
 This physical grouping relates to how phone numbers are grouped together
 Each exchange is a set of one or more cross-connect switches in one or more central offices that
answer to a single three-digit code
 Three-digit code is the first three of seven numbers that is dialed for local calls
 Central offices often serve more than one exchange

16
6.1 LocalExchange:
 Local exchange is the closest central office to the subscriber
 These offices handle phone calls within the exchange
 From the perspective of a phone number, the exchange is the first three digits of phone
number after the area code
 One or more local central offices will form a local calling area
6.2 NationalExchange:
 The national exchange is the connection from the regional telephone providers to the long-
distance telephone providers
 This exchange is where area code comes from
6.3 International Exchange:
long distance provider will connect to other long distance providers overseas through
these exchanges
This is where country codes come in
Connections
to other
areas

17
6.4 THREE TYPES OF EXCHANGES:
1. Local Exchange 2. Transit Exchange 3. International Gateway Exchange
LocalCall Same localExchange LocalCall Different localExchange
NationalCall International Call

18
7 MDF (Main Distribution Frame):
MDF stands for “Main Distribution Frame”. The Basic function of MDF is to interconnect the
main equipment’s which are present inside the exchange with the cables which are going to the
subscriber (customer).
The wire coming from “MDF” and “Cable Chambers” is called as “Primary Wire”. The Primary
wire may contain 200 up to1200 pairs.
Constructionof MDF
MDF is actually a long steel rack which is accessible from both sides. On one side of the steel
rack Termination blocks are arranged horizontally and at the other side the termination blocks are
arranged vertically.
Cables coming from exchange (Switch room) are terminated at the horizontal blocks whereas
cables coming from external network are terminated at vertical blocks.
8 Inside Plant:
MDF is actually the point where the Local Exchange ends, so the Local exchange and MDF are
the basically “Inside Plant”.
9 Outside Plant:
All the cables, towers, poles, cabinets till the DP are referred as the “Outside Plant”.
10 Cabinet:
It’s a metallic bar from which further connections to the subscribers are given.
The wire coming out of the cabinet to the DP is called as Secondary wire.

19
11 DP:
DP is abbreviation of “Demarcation Point”. One DP contains 10 connections or pairs of wires
coming from it, which go towards 10 subscribers. The wires which are coming out of DP are
called as “Drop Wires”. DP is located at the “Telephone Pole”.
12 NGN – Next Generation Networks:
Circuit Switching is the oldest and most commonly used switching technique used in telephony.
However, there are serious drawbacks of circuit switching such as:
- Bandwidth inefficiency
- Difficult to maintain
- Connection set-up delay
To address the above problems, Packet switching came into use. A packet switched network does
not require a dedicated path. The packets can follow different routes; hence utilize the bandwidth
more efficiently.
NGN (Next Generation Networks) was developed as a packet switching method to transport
Voice, Video, and Data using a single network. Some advantages of a NGN network are given
below.
- Better Bandwidth utility
- Voice, Video, Data on a single network
- Easy management from a single location
- Reliability i.e. lost packets can easily be detected and be requested again.
Resilience i.e. if one network link fails, an alternate link can be used

20
12.1 Comparisonof Communication Switching Network:
13 MSAG:
MSAGs have different shells and each shell has different cards these include C5 card (for NGN)
and A32 (By ZTE) that hold consumer’s number and other information. Each card can hold 32
consumers.
Circuit Switching Packet Switching
Dedicate transmission path No dedicate path
Continuous transmission of data Transmission of packets
Fast enough for interactive Fast enough for interactive
Message are not stored Packets may be stored until delivered
The path is established for entire
conversation
Route established for each packet
Call setup delay; negligible transmission
delay
Packet transmission delay
Busy signal if called party busy Sender may be notified if packet not
delivered
Overload may block call setup; no delay for
established calls
Overload increases packet delay
Electromechanical or computerized
switching nodes
Small switching nodes
User responsible for message loss
protection
Network may be responsible for individual
packets
Usually no speed or code conversion Speed and code conversion
Fixed bandwidth Dynamic use of bandwidth
No overhead bits after call setup Overhead bits in each packet

21
13.1 SoftSwitches:
Soft Switch is the software that control working of MSAGs. Every information regarding an
MSAG is available on a soft switch. If an MSAG is down or having any issue it will be reported
on soft switch. There are different types of alarms related to an MSAG. These alarms are
identified from their colors which are as follows:
• Red  Dead
• Yellow  Warning
• Blue  Active
13.2 Activity include:
Check alarm log
In alarm log, we check history of alarms.
There are 4 types of alarms:
1. Warning
2. Minor
3. Major
4. Critical
14 Transmission:
Transmission systems use three basic media for information transfer
I. Copper cables, such as LANs and telephone subscriber lines
II. Optical fiber cables, high data-rate transmission
III. Radio waves, such as cellular phones and satellite transmission

22
15 SDH:
SYNCHRONOUS:
One master clock & all elements synchronize with it.
DIGITAL:
Information in binary.
HIERARCHY:
set of bit rates in a hierarchical order.
SDH is a synchronous digital transport
system, aim to provide a simple, economical
and flexible telecom infrastructure.
16 Limitations of PDH:
 Specialized equipment required for interwork two hierarchy
 Inability to identify individual channels in a higher order bit stream.
 Insufficient capacity for network management
 Higher bit rates are difficult to achieve
 Supports only linear topology
 no common standards among vendors.
17 MERITS OF SDH:
 Simplified multiplexing / de-multiplexing techniques
 Direct access to lower speed tributaries
 Enhance Operation, Administration & Maintenance
 Easy growth to higher bit rates in steps with evolution of transmission technology
 Capable of transporting existing PDH
 Capable of operating multi-vendor and multi-operator environment

23
17.1 SDHRates:
 SDH is a transport hierarchy based on multiples of 155.52 Mbit/s.
 The basic unit of SDH is STM-1
 STM-Synchronous Transport Module
 Higher rate is an exact multiple of the lower rate therefore the hierarchy is synchronous.
STM-N
Where N =1,4,16 ,64 n is a multiples of four
17.2 SDHBIT RATES:
17.3 SDHMANAGEMENT:
Performance Management
Fault/Event Management
Configuration Management
SDH Levels Bit rates in Mbps
STM-1 155.520
STM-4 622.080
STM-16 2488.320
STM-64 9953.28

24
18 DSLAM (Digital Subscribers Line Access Multiplexer):
The DSLAM at the access provider is the equipment that really allows DSL to happen. A
DSLAM takes connections from many customers and aggregates them onto a single, high
capacity connection to the Internet. DSLAMS are generally flexible and able to support multiple
types of DSL in a single central office, and different varieties of protocol and modulation in the
same type of DSL. In addition, the DSLAM may provide additional functions including routing or
dynamic IP address assignment for the customers.
The DSLAM provides one of the main differences between user service through ADSL and
through cable modems. Because cable-modem users generally share a network loop that runs
through a neighborhood, adding users means lowering performance in many instances. ADSL
provides a dedicated connection from each user back to the DSLAM, meaning that users won’t
see a performance decrease as new users are added – until the total number of users begins to
saturate the single, high-speed connection to the Internet. At that point an upgrade by the service
provide can provide additional performance for all the users connected to the DSLAM.
19 Topologytypes:
 Point to point topology
 Point to multipoint topology
 Ring topology
 Mesh topology

25
19.1 Point to point topology
19.2 Point to multipoint topology:

26
19.3 Ring topology:
19.4 Meshtopology:
Each node is connected to every other node.
Allows communication to continue in the event of a break in any one connection
It is “Fault Tolerant.”

27
19.5 MeshTopologyadvantages&disadvantages:
Advantage:
1.Improves Fault Tolerance
Disadvantages:
1.Expensive
2.Difficult to install
3.Difficult to manage
4.Difficult to troubleshoot
20 INTERNSHIP TASKS:
Internees were assigned a task in the Switching department during the Second week of the
internship with the help of Assistant Manager Mam Sundus. The task was to check ISUP
(Incoming call setup) call setup. ISUP allows the call control signaling to be separated from the
circuit that carries the voice stream over interoffice trunks.
ISUP call scenario:
A-Party B-Party
IAM--------------------------------->
<------------------------------------ACM
<------------------------------------ANM
REL---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------RLC
One group, with five interns, to complete the task. Normally all group member was responsible
for checking and writing the messages down on a notebook.
A dials digits Initial Address Message (IAM)
B’s phone rings... Address Complete Message (ACM)
B Answers Answer Message (ANM)
A disconnects Release Message (REL)
B disconnects Release Complete (RLC)

28
21 REFLECTIVE JOURNAL ENTRIES:
 At first day (5 June 2017) we visit MDF and learn about its Vertical and horizontal side.
We also learn how wires are come from Exchange and go towards cabinet and
Distribution Point.
Its Horizontal side is for wires coming from exchange and Vertical side is for wires
coming from subscriber side.
 Second day (6 June 2017) we study about DSL and how we manage its connection from
exchange to home.
DSL is for internet connection and connecting in series with vertical side.
 After this for 11 days (7 June to18 June) we just study and try to understand their working
and way of working. We visit Switch room and study about their cards and their
functionality.
We study about Transits and UMG. Transits are for connection within cities and UMG is
for connection between countries.
All exchanges has their unique ID. Data transfer rate is 2MB usually.
 19th day (19 June) we generate report for all the incoming and outgoing calls detail of
FTR all exchanges on a software. The task was to check ISUP (Incoming call setup) call
setup. ISUP allows the call control signaling to be separated from the circuit that carries
the voice stream over interoffice trunks.
 20th day (20 June) we study about alarm and watch alarms on monitor.
 21th day (21 to 23 June) we study and watch about commands to retrieve data of different
lines to check fault and other details.
 22th day (24 June) we moved towards transmission department. And start study about it.

29
 (25 June to 2 July)
EID HOLIDAYS
 32th day (3 July) we study about SDH. Its structure and working. It data rate and standard
SDH is a device used for transmission. It has 3 parts REGENRATOR and MULTIPLEXER.
 33th day (4 July) we study about PDH deficiencies and SDH advantages
 34th day (5 July) we visit SDH of Huwavei and ZTE and study about their cards
All racks have power supply. At least 2 so that if one fails due to any fault other supply
power
If that power source fail, then a battery source is available that can work for 90 hours. In
that time fault of power supply resolve.
Also we visit monitoring of alarms
There are some types of alarms
 Critical
 High
 Low
Critical alarm means that data not received or user received some unwanted data.
High alarms mean data received with errors
Low alarms are for warning that data supply rate is slow
 35th day (6 July)
PDH and SDH clock rate
 (7 to 10 July)

30
Holidays due to work burden of Staff
 (11 to 13 July)
PDH has different clock rate due to which data transfer rate slow and data receiving and
sending create problems. SDH has one clock rate at every side that’s why it is better than
PDH
Revise all previous data
Revision and VIVA
22 Observation:
During the internship period, I observed that there were not enough engineers to train internees.
Overall there seemed to be a shortage of staff in the Switching and Transmission department. The
engineers did not have enough time to teach internees. Also, interns were not encouraged to learn
the hardware and software used by the different departments. There was no telecom equipment
only for training purposes. Only lectures were given, with very little practice work. Not every
internee was assigned a task.

31
23 Recommendations:
The number of trainee engineers should be increased by increasing the number of positions
available through the one year paid internship program. This way there will be enough engineers
to train summer internees. Internees should be given basic hands on training on the different
hardware and software used by the departments. Also tasks, such as making databases, should be
assigned to every internee, not just a few. And other recommendations are discussing below.
 Should be decreased the over number of employees.
 Should be developing the training and development process of every employee.

PTCL REPORT

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a PTCL REPORT

Semelhante a PTCL REPORT (20)

Último

Último (20)

PTCL REPORT