13. DAB sender Trans- mitter Trans- mission Multi- plexer MSC Multi- plexer ODFM Packet Mux Channel Coder Audio Encoder Channel Coder DAB Signal Service Information FIC Multiplex Information Data Services Audio Services Radio Frequency FIC: Fast Information Channel MSC: Main Service Channel OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 1.5 MHz f carriers
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18. GSM: elements and interfaces NSS MS MS BTS BSC GMSC IWF OMC BTS BSC MSC MSC A bis U m EIR HLR VLR VLR A BSS PDN ISDN, PSTN RSS radio cell radio cell MS AUC OSS signaling O
19. GSM protocol layers for signaling CM MM RR MM LAPD m radio LAPD m radio LAPD PCM RR’ BTSM CM LAPD PCM RR’ BTSM 16/64 kbit/s U m A bis A SS7 PCM SS7 PCM 64 kbit/s / 2.048 Mbit/s MS BTS BSC MSC BSSAP BSSAP
29. UMTS protocol stacks (user plane) apps. & protocols MAC radio MAC radio RLC SAR U u I u CS UE UTRAN 3G MSC RLC AAL2 ATM AAL2 ATM SAR Circuit switched SAR= Segmentation and Reassembly AAL2: ATM Adaptation layer 2 PDCP= Packet Data Convergence protocol
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34. DECT system architecture reference model global network local network local network FT FT PT PA PT PA VDB HDB D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4