Biology 120

1. LYMPHATIC AND
IMMUNE SYSTEM
TERMS
By,
Guadalupe Cruz

2. FUNCTION
 Consists of a network of
lymph vessels that pick up
excess tissue fluid, cleanse
it, and return it to the
circulatory system.
 It also picks up fats that
have been absorbed by the
digestive system.
 Fights disease and
infections.
 To function properly, an
immune system must
detect a wide variety of
agents, and distinguish
them from the organisms
own healthy tissue.
Lymphatic System Immune System

3. ADENOIDITIS
 Inflammation of the adenoids.
 Adenoids are located higher up in the mouth , behind the nose
and roof of the mouth.
 Enlarged and inflamed adenoids can be painful and make
breathing difficult.
 Adenoids help filter out germ from your body, sometimes they
can get overwhelmed by bacteria and become infected.
 Most commonly seen in children, but sometimes affect adults.

4. ADENOIDITIS

5. ADENOIDITIS
 Symptoms can vary depending on what is causing the infection but
may include:
 Sore throat
 Stuffy nose
 Swollen glands in the neck
 Ear pain and other ear problems
o Other symptoms related to nasal congestion include:
 Breathing through the mouth
 Snoring or sleep apnea
Symptoms

6. ADENOIDITIS
 Treated with antibiotics.
 Surgery may be needed sometimes to remove the adenoids.
 This procedure is called adenoidectomy.
 Doctor may also recommend the tonsils be removed at the same
time since adenoiditis and tonsillitis often go hand in hand.
Treatment

7. HODGKIN'S DISEASE
 Also called Hodgkin's lymphoma.
 Is a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of your immune
system.
 Cells in the lymphatic system grow abnormally and may spread
beyond the lymphatic system.
 As Hodgkin's lymphoma progresses, it compromises body's ability to
fight infection.
 Various types of Hodgkin's lymphoma exist.
 The type is based on the types of cells involved in disease and their
behavior. Type determines treatment options.
 Named after Thomas Hodgkin, a British physician, who first
described it.

8. HODGKIN'S DISEASE
 Is the more common type of
this disease.
 It can be broken down into
subtypes.
 Subtypes include:
 Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin's
lymphoma
 Mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s
lymphoma
 Lymphocyte-rich classical
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
 This much rarer type of
Hodgkin's lymphoma
involves large, abnormal
cells that are sometimes
called popcorn cells
because of their
appearance.
 Treatment may be different
from the classical type.
 Better chance of cure when
disease is diagnosed at an
early stage.
Classical Hodgkin's
Lymphoma
Lymphocyte-Predominant
Hodgkin's Lymphoma

9. HODGKIN'S DISEASE
 Painless swelling of lymph
nodes in your neck, armpits
or groin.
 Persistent fatigue
 Fever and Chills
 Coughing, trouble breathing
or chest pain.
 Itching
 Loss of appetite
Symptoms

10. HODGKIN'S DISEASE
 Physical exam
 Blood tests
 Imagine tests
 Surgery to remove a swollen
lymph node
 A procedure to collect bone
marrow for testing.
 Stage I. Cancer is limited to one
lymph node region or single organ.
 Stage II. Cancer is in two different
lymph nodes or the cancer is in a
portion of tissue or an organ and
nearby lymph nodes. Still limited to a
section of the body.
 Stage III. Cancer moves to lymph
nodes both above and below
diaphragm.
 Stage IV. The most advanced, cancer
cells are in several portions of one or
more organs and tissues. Affects
other parts of your body, such as the
liver, lungs or bones.
Tests and Diagnosis Staging Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

11. HODGKIN'S DISEASE
 Treatment depends on type and stage of disease, over all health and preferences.
 The goal is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible and bring the disease into
remission.
 Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill lymphoma cells. Often
combined with radiation therapy in people with early-stage classical type Hodgkin's
lymphoma.
 Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as x-rays, to kill cancer cells. Early-
stage lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma typically undergo radiation
therapy alone.
 Stem cell transplant is a treatment to replace diseased bone marrow with healthy
stem calls that help grow new bone marrow. A stem cell transplant may be an option
if Hodgkin's lymphoma returns despite treatment.
Treatment

12. SARCOIDOSIS
 The growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells I different
parts of the body.
 It forms fibrous lesions commonly appearing in the lymph
nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, and small bones of the
hands and feet.
 The cause of this disease is unknown. But researchers
believe it is associated with abnormal immune system
response.
 Often goes away on its own.

13. SARCOIDOSIS
 Signs and symptoms vary, depending on
which organs are affected.
 Sarcoidosis sometimes develops gradually
and produces symptoms that last for years.
 Other times symptoms appear suddenly and
then disappear just as quickly.
 Many people have no symptoms, so the
disease may be discovered only by a chest X-
ray for another reason.
 Generalized Symptoms
 Fatigue
 Fever
 Swollen lymph nodes
 Weigh loss

14. SARCOIDOSIS
 Skin Symptoms
 Rash: A rash of red or reddish-
purple bups, usually located on the
shins or ankles.
 Lesions: Disfiguring skin sores may
occur on your nose, cheeks and
ears.
 Color Change: Areas of skin may
get darker or lighter in color.
 Nodule: Growths just under the
skin may develop, particularly
around scars.
 Eye Symptoms
 Sarcoidosis can affect the eyes
without causing any symptoms.
When eye symptoms do occur,
they may include:
 Blurred vision
 Eye pain
 Severe redness
 Sensitivity to light
 Lung Symptoms
 Persistent dry cough
 Shortness of breath
 Wheezing
 Chest Pain

15. SARCOIDOSIS
 There is no cure for Sarcoidosis. You may not need treatment if you
don’t have significant signs and symptoms of the condition.
 Often goes away on its own.
 If organ function is threatened, treatment will likely be with a
medication:
 Anti-rejection medications
 Anti-malarial medications
 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors
 Surgery: Organ transplant may be considered if sarcoidosis has
severely damaged lungs or liver.
Treatments and Drugs