9. 1) Complete bed rest
2) Administration of antibiotic/doctors
order
3) Health education
10. Highly contagious infection of the
respiratory tract that results from 3
types of myxovirus influenza.
Affects all age group, the incidence
highest in school children, severity is
greatest in the very young elderly people
and those with chronic diseases.
11. MOST prevalent, strikes
every year
strikes annually found in
smaller epidemics every 4-6 years
found in sporadic cases endemic
12. through inhalation of a respiratory
droplet from an infected person or by
indirect contact.
secretions from
upper respiratory tract .
until
5th day of illness
24-48 hours.
13. Invades the
respiratory mucosa
Damages ciliated epithelium
of the trachea bronchial tree
Making it vulnerable
to secondary infection
Severe reactions
Serosanguinous discharge
Complication
16. Active Immunization
Educate the public and health care
personnel in basic personal hygiene
Client should receive the vaccine
annually
1. Elderly
2. People who have poor immunity
3. Conditions such as D.M., Lung
Disease, Kidney disease, Heart
disease, Liver disease
17. 1. Bed rest
2. Adequate fluid intake
3. Aspirin or Acetaminolphen
4. Guaifenesin or another expectorant
Amantadine Symmetrel
18. 1) Advise the pt. to use of
mouthwashes.
2) Increase fluid intake
3) Screen visitors
4) Teach the patient proper disposal of
tissue and proper handwashing
technique to prevent the virus from
spreading.
19. 5) Watch for s/s of developing
pneumonia
Such as cracks,coughing accompanied
by purulent bloody sputum.
20. acute highly contagious toxin
mediated infection caused by coryne
bacterium diphteriae
Gram (+) rod that usually infects the
respiratory primarily the tonsils,
nasophayrnx, larynx usually
producing a membranous pharyngitis
21. Corynebacterium Diphtheriae
(Klebs Loeffler Bacillus)
Contact with patient or carrier or with
articles soiled with discharges of
infected persons.
2-5 days
22. 2-4 weeks in untreated patient
1-2 days in treated patient
Discharges from the nose, pharynx eyes
or lesions on other parts of the body of
infected persons.
Pseudomembrane
23. A. Nasal with serosanguinous secretions
from the nose with foul smell
B. Tonsilar low fatality rate
C. Nasopharyngeal
D. Wound or cutaneous diphtheria
24. 1) Feeling of fatigue
2) Malaise
3) Slight sorethroat and elevation of
temperature usually not exceeding 380C
4) Cervical Adenitis with tenderness of the
glands occur
5) Inflammatory reactions is initiated by
the body and exudate consisting of
leukocytes and RBC and necrotic tissues
begins to form
25. ~ opening created by incision
Nose and Throat Swab
Schick Test
– To determine the
susceptibility or immunity in
diphtheria
Moloney Test
– Hypersensitivity in diphtheria
26. – inflammation of the heart muscle
– paralysis of the soft palate
paralysis of ciliary muscles of the
eye,pharynx,larynx or extremities
– respiratory failure esp. laryngeal
type reactions tends to stagnate
due to paralysis of the diaphragm
27. Neutralization of Toxin
DAT
ADS
Fractional desensitising doses
Fractional doses are given in positive
cases with the following cases:
0.05 ml (1:20 dilution) SQ
0.05 ml (1:10 Dilution)
0.10 ml undiluted SQ
28. Neutralization of Toxin
DAT
ADS
Fractional desensitising doses
Fractional doses are given in positive
cases with the following cases:
0.20 ml undiluted SQ
0.50 ml undiluted IM
0.10 mil undiluted IV
29. Destruction of Microorganism Giving of
Penicillin
Erythromycin 40 mg/kg BW in 4 doses x
7-10 days
30. a) Maintenance of Adequate nutrition
b) Maintenance of adequate fluid and
electrolyte balance
c) Bed rest
d) Oxygen inhalation
31. 1) Bed rest for at least 2 weeks patient not
permitted to bathe
2) Diet soft diet small frequent feeding is
advised
3) Fruit Juices rich vit.C to maintain the
alkalinity of the blood
4) Ice collar applied to the neck
33. Is a highly contagious respiratory
infection usually caused by the non-
motile gram (–) negative coccobacillus
Bacterial infection Bordetella pertussis
34. 7-14 days
7-10 days
– direct and indirect contact
– secretions from the nose and
throat of infected person contain
the causative organism.
35. 1. Catarrhal stage or Invasive Period
Coryza, sneezing lacrimation and
dry bronchial cough
Cough becomes an irritating,
hacking and nocturnal becoming
more severe
This stage last for about 1-2 weeks
36. 2. Paroxysmal Stage
7th -14th day
Cough becomes spasmodic and
recurrent with excessive explosive
outburst in series of rapid cough in
one expiration
Each cough characteristically ends
in a loud crowing inspiratory whoop
and chocking on mucus that
causes vomiting
38. 3. Convalescent stage
Paroxysmal coughing and vomiting
gradually subside
•Pneumonia
•Atelectasis
•Convulsions
•Bronchopneumonia – most
dangerous complication
39. 3. Convalescent stage
Paroxysmal coughing and vomiting
gradually subside
•Severe malnutrition – due
to persistent vomiting.
40. Nasopharyngeal swabs
Sputum culture
Fluorescent Antibody screening of
nasopharyngeal smears provides quicker
result than cultures but it is less reliable
WBC usually increased in children older
than 6 months
41. 1) Supportive Therapy
Fluid and electrolytes replacement
Adequate nutrition
Oxygen Therapy in apnea
2) Antibiotic Erthromycin, Ampicillin to
eliminate infection
3) Hyperimmune Convalescent serum
gamma globulin are found effective
42. Isolation and Medical asepsis should
be carried out
During paroxysm the patient should
NOT BE LEFT ALONE
Suctioning equipment should be
ready at all times for emergency use
to avoid obstruction of airway.
Sunshine and fresh air are important
but the patient should be protected
43. The child shld. be kept as quiet as
possible since activity and excitement
Provide warm baths , keep the bed dry
and free from soiled linens
I and O shld be monitored
Abdominal binder
46. – 2 -10 weeks
– The patient is capable of discharching
the organism all throughout life if he
remains untreated highly communicable
during its active phase
– Direct and indirect contact
47. – sputum ,blood from hemoptysis, nasal
discharges and saliva
Human inhalation – gains entrance in
the body by inhaled through respiratory
tract
Bovine – ingestion enters the body via
GIT by the swallowing of the bacteria
48. ○ Slight lesion without demonstrable
excavation confined to a small
part of one or both lungs
○ 1 or both lungs may be involved
○ Lesions more extensive than
moderate
49. Tuberculin Test is positive
X-ray of chest generally progressive
Symptoms of TB are absent
Sputum is absent for tubercle
bacilli after repeated examination
No evidence of cavity on chest X-ray
50. Afternoon rise in temperature
High sweating
Body malaise and weight loss
Cough dry to productive
Dyspnea- hoarseness of voice
Hemoptysis – considered
pathognomonic to the disease
Occasional chest pains
Sputum positive for AFB
51. Chest X-Ray
Sputum Exam for Acid Fast Bacilli
Tuberculin Testing
Mantoux test – PPD intradermal
Tine Test
54. A. Isolation
B. Administer medicine as ordered
C. Check sputum always for blood or
purulent expectoration
D. Encourage questions conversation to air
their feelings
E. Teach or educate patient all about TB
F. Encourage to stop smoking
G. Proper disposal of sputum
H. Plenty of rest and eat balanced meals
55. Submit allbabies for BCG
immunization
Avoid overcrowding
Chest X-ray , tuberculin Test
56. acute infection of the lung parenchyma
Streptococcal pneumonia
Staphylococcus Aureus
Hemophillus influenza
Klibsiela pneumonia
57. 1-3 days with sudden onset of shaking
chills rapidly rising fever and stabbing
chest pains aggravated by coughing and
respiration
Droplet infection from mouth, nose of an
infected person
Indirect contact contaminated objects
58. CAP – Community Acquired
Pneumonia – acquired in the course of
Daily life
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia – Foreign
matter is inhaled ( aspirated) into the
lungs
Pneumonia caused by Opportunistic
organism immune system
59. Broncho Pneumonia
– Lobular or Catarrhal Pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia (croupous Pneumonia)
Consolidation of the entire lobe
manifested by chills, chest pain on
breathing, cough with blood streaked
sputum
60. Primary atypical pneumonia
(Virus pneumonia)
Solidification of the lung that comes
in patches
Cough is often delayed in appearing
greenish to whitish secretions
61. 1) Stage of Lung Engorgement
2) Red Hepatization
3) GrayHepatization
4) Stage of Resolution
○ Infammatory exudates is either
absorbed by the blood stream or
expectorated
62. Chest X – Ray
Sputum Analysis
Blood Serologic Exam
63. Antimicrobial Therapy varies with
the causative agent
Supportive Management
Humidified oxygen therapy for hypoxia
Mechanical ventilation respiratory
failure
High caloric diet and adequate fluid
intake
Analgesic to relieve pleuritic pain chest
Expectorant
64. 1) Maintain a patent airway
2) Adequate oxygenation
3) Deep breathing Excercises
Turning the patient from side to side
Change wet clothing
68. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
Erythrogenic Toxin
Pastia Line – are minute red spot on
skin fold
Trunk entire body involves the extremities
69. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
Tongue also exhibits specific
characteristics sign 2 days it will have
a white coating through which red and
edematous
70. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
White strawberry tongue after 2 days
the tongue desquamate red strawberry
tongue later raspberry tongue
71. Fever and sorethroat
rashes start to appear
already because Group A Beta Hemolytic
releases toxins
72. Throat Swab
Dicks Test
– test to determine the
susceptibility to scarlet fever
Charlton Test
– Hypersensitivity of the
individual to scarlet fever
antitoxin