In the digital arena ample of hitches are faced due to urbanization disrupting the living standards of people in the country. Predicted statistics on urbanization is tremendously increasing day by day and again
1. EPHEMERAL EVOLUTION OF
URBANIZATION : A DEEP-SEATED
CONCERN OF NEW MILLENIUM
Ms. LUBNA SURAIYA M.Com., MBA., (M.Phil)
Research Scholar,
Research Department of Commerce,
St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai
Tirunelveli Dist, Tamil Nadu State
2.
3. INTRODUCTION
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to
urban areas. It is predominantly the process by which towns and
cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and
working in central areas. he phenomenon has been closely linked to
modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of
rationalization. Standardized manufacturing production tends to be
deconcentrate into smaller and medium‐size metropolitan areas,
whereas production in large metropolitan areas focuses on services,
research and development for urban agglomeration.
4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To study about the concept of Urbanization.
2. To analyze the reasons that leads to urbanization.
3. To understand the negative consequences of urbanization.
5. METHODOLOGY
The study is based on Secondary Data which includes from:
1) Population Reference Bureau
2) The World Fact Book – Central Intelligence Agency
3) North Eastern Region Urban Development Programme (NERUDP)
4) Centre of Policy Research
5) Indian Official Statistics
6) National Institute of Governance and Urban of Governance and Urban
6. CONCEPTION OF URBANIZATION
Urbanization began in ancient Mesopotamia in the Uruk Period (4300-3100
BCE). It spread from Mesopotamia to Egypt and, from there to Greece.
With the onset of the agriculture and industrial revolution in the late 18th
century, demographic expansion took place in 19th century. Nearly all ancient
urban societies engaged in deforestation.
It rapidly spread across the Western world since 1950 due to brisk historic
transformation of human social roots on a global scale.
At the turn of the 20th century, just 15% of the world population lived in
cities.
7. REASONS FOR URBANIZATION
Industrialization: Growth of industries has contributed to the growth of cities.
Social factors: Many social factors induce people to migrate to cities
attraction of cities
better standard of living
educational facilities
need for status
employment opportunities
Economic pull of the city:
Agriculture is the chief occupation in rural areas. It depends on monsoon
seasons
The pulse of rural people for living is to migrate to cities at times of natural
calamities.
Rural urban transformation: Preferring material culture due to modernization.
Commercialization: Towns and cities offer better commercial opportunities.
9. FACTS ON URBANIZATION
i. In 1970, Tokyo and New York were the only megacities.
ii. Today, there are 13 megacities in Asia.
iii. The largest rural population (853 million) is found in India, followed by China
(666 million).
iv. In 2000, 47% of the world population was urban. The world’s slum population
is projected to reach 889 million by 2020.
v. 37% of the population in cities of the developing world is employed within
the informal sector.
vi. 49% of the world’s cities have established urban environmental plans.
vii. By 2050, about 70% of the world’s population is expected to live in urban
areas.
viii. Yale University in June 2016 published urbanization data from the time period
3700 BC to 2000 AD.
11. CONCLUSION
Urbanization yields several positive effects if it happens within the
appropriate limits. Some of the positive implications of urbanization therefore
include creation of employment opportunities, technological and infrastructural
advancements, improved transportation and communication, quality educational
and medical facilities, improved standards of living, building sustainable and
environmentally friendly cities. If this is uncontrolled, the future prospects of
urbanization can change to counter-urbanization where people from urban areas
may shift to rural areas depleting all the natural resources and the nation or the
globe will face very severe consequences. It is right tome to quote the proverb
“Old is gold” and has gradually led to the unusual conditions of counter-
urbanization today.
