Enviar pesquisa
Carregar
Ch12
•
Transferir como PPT, PDF
•
9 gostaram
•
4,691 visualizações
L
lschmidt1170
Seguir
Tecnologia
Denunciar
Compartilhar
Denunciar
Compartilhar
1 de 38
Baixar agora
Recomendados
Soil
Soil
lschmidt1170
Ch09
Ch09
lschmidt1170
Ch15
Ch15
lschmidt1170
Ch06
Ch06
lschmidt1170
SOIL SCIENCE PDF PPT
SOIL SCIENCE PDF PPT
Pranay Kumar Pelapolu
Soils
Soils
Ramesh Gavit
Soil and its type ppt
Soil and its type ppt
Aarti Singh
Soils Part 2
Soils Part 2
Aisling O Connor
Recomendados
Soil
Soil
lschmidt1170
Ch09
Ch09
lschmidt1170
Ch15
Ch15
lschmidt1170
Ch06
Ch06
lschmidt1170
SOIL SCIENCE PDF PPT
SOIL SCIENCE PDF PPT
Pranay Kumar Pelapolu
Soils
Soils
Ramesh Gavit
Soil and its type ppt
Soil and its type ppt
Aarti Singh
Soils Part 2
Soils Part 2
Aisling O Connor
Ch13
Ch13
lschmidt1170
Ch10
Ch10
lschmidt1170
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Omar Radwan
Physical Properties of Soils
Physical Properties of Soils
Prof. A.Balasubramanian
The Soil
The Soil
Pankaj Kukreti
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Elizabeth Nolen
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Ch05
Ch05
lschmidt1170
Soil types found in india
Soil types found in india
shivampalta
Laterate soil... first year deploma
Laterate soil... first year deploma
iari
Characteristics of soil profile
Characteristics of soil profile
Prof. A.Balasubramanian
Soil
Soil
Raja_khan1
IRS satallites
IRS satallites
Bharath YG
Clay Mineralogy
Clay Mineralogy
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Mineral properties
Mineral properties
parag sonwane
Eco 6 soil formation
Eco 6 soil formation
Rabia Aziz
Factors controlling weathering
Factors controlling weathering
Sharik Shamsudhien
Soil consistency
Soil consistency
Dhaval Jalalpara
Types of soil in India
Types of soil in India
Aswin Babu
Soil Texture and Structure
Soil Texture and Structure
eAfghanAg
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Ms Geoflake
Weathring and erossion
Weathring and erossion
anwar ul haq
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Ch13
Ch13
lschmidt1170
Ch10
Ch10
lschmidt1170
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Omar Radwan
Physical Properties of Soils
Physical Properties of Soils
Prof. A.Balasubramanian
The Soil
The Soil
Pankaj Kukreti
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Elizabeth Nolen
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Ch05
Ch05
lschmidt1170
Soil types found in india
Soil types found in india
shivampalta
Laterate soil... first year deploma
Laterate soil... first year deploma
iari
Characteristics of soil profile
Characteristics of soil profile
Prof. A.Balasubramanian
Soil
Soil
Raja_khan1
IRS satallites
IRS satallites
Bharath YG
Clay Mineralogy
Clay Mineralogy
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
Mineral properties
Mineral properties
parag sonwane
Eco 6 soil formation
Eco 6 soil formation
Rabia Aziz
Factors controlling weathering
Factors controlling weathering
Sharik Shamsudhien
Soil consistency
Soil consistency
Dhaval Jalalpara
Types of soil in India
Types of soil in India
Aswin Babu
Soil Texture and Structure
Soil Texture and Structure
eAfghanAg
Mais procurados
(20)
Ch13
Ch13
Ch10
Ch10
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Clay Minerals: Classifications, Identifications, Structures, and Applications
Physical Properties of Soils
Physical Properties of Soils
The Soil
The Soil
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Formation Of Soil And Soil Types
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Soil physical properties sixth Presentation by Allah Dad Khan
Ch05
Ch05
Soil types found in india
Soil types found in india
Laterate soil... first year deploma
Laterate soil... first year deploma
Characteristics of soil profile
Characteristics of soil profile
Soil
Soil
IRS satallites
IRS satallites
Clay Mineralogy
Clay Mineralogy
Mineral properties
Mineral properties
Eco 6 soil formation
Eco 6 soil formation
Factors controlling weathering
Factors controlling weathering
Soil consistency
Soil consistency
Types of soil in India
Types of soil in India
Soil Texture and Structure
Soil Texture and Structure
Destaque
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Ms Geoflake
Weathring and erossion
Weathring and erossion
anwar ul haq
Soil forming factors
Soil forming factors
Md Rubel Hossain
Soil conservation ppt
Soil conservation ppt
rithikkapoor7
Sac 201 assainment
Sac 201 assainment
kalaiselvanadac
Evolution In Nz
Evolution In Nz
allyjer
Sodic soil pkm
Sodic soil pkm
P.K. Mani
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Saad Farooqi
Cheffey geog 4 intro spr 2013
Cheffey geog 4 intro spr 2013
lschmidt1170
Intro fall 2016 geog lab
Intro fall 2016 geog lab
lschmidt1170
Sbvc intro geog 120 sp 2013
Sbvc intro geog 120 sp 2013
lschmidt1170
Ch18
Ch18
lschmidt1170
Intro geog 110 online fall 2016
Intro geog 110 online fall 2016
lschmidt1170
Geog 4 summer 2013
Geog 4 summer 2013
lschmidt1170
Ch20
Ch20
lschmidt1170
Ch02
Ch02
lschmidt1170
Geog 110 sp 2013 intro
Geog 110 sp 2013 intro
lschmidt1170
Ch01
Ch01
lschmidt1170
11 clicker questions
11 clicker questions
Asma Said,PhD
Human geography10
Human geography10
lschmidt1170
Destaque
(20)
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Rates of weathering lesson 6
Weathring and erossion
Weathring and erossion
Soil forming factors
Soil forming factors
Soil conservation ppt
Soil conservation ppt
Sac 201 assainment
Sac 201 assainment
Evolution In Nz
Evolution In Nz
Sodic soil pkm
Sodic soil pkm
Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Cheffey geog 4 intro spr 2013
Cheffey geog 4 intro spr 2013
Intro fall 2016 geog lab
Intro fall 2016 geog lab
Sbvc intro geog 120 sp 2013
Sbvc intro geog 120 sp 2013
Ch18
Ch18
Intro geog 110 online fall 2016
Intro geog 110 online fall 2016
Geog 4 summer 2013
Geog 4 summer 2013
Ch20
Ch20
Ch02
Ch02
Geog 110 sp 2013 intro
Geog 110 sp 2013 intro
Ch01
Ch01
11 clicker questions
11 clicker questions
Human geography10
Human geography10
Semelhante a Ch12
Unit6 T.B Mbele.pptx
Unit6 T.B Mbele.pptx
ThobaniMbhele
31. soil science By Allah Dad Khan
31. soil science By Allah Dad Khan
Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Edaphic Factor
Edaphic Factor
Dr. Ravindra Madhekar
edaphic factors
edaphic factors
bhanupriya R
Lecture 2. edaphic factors
Lecture 2. edaphic factors
Reysie Ann Faura
Chapter twelve
Chapter twelve
lschmidt1170
Edaphic factors- soil profile, structure, porosity, soil moisture, soil air. ...
Edaphic factors- soil profile, structure, porosity, soil moisture, soil air. ...
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Forensics of soil complete
Forensics of soil complete
kiran yadav
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sail
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sail
ajaysaini99283371
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICS.pptx
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICS.pptx
satheeshkumarcivil
Soil Profile
Soil Profile
Alisha Dahal
index properties of soil.pdf
index properties of soil.pdf
SamratRoy57
UNIT 1.B.M..pptx
UNIT 1.B.M..pptx
Prasanna venkatesh
SoilProperties.ppt
SoilProperties.ppt
king khan
SoilProperties.ppt
SoilProperties.ppt
DHARMENDRAKUMAR216662
Soil Properties and Identification of soil nature soil type testing of soil a...
Soil Properties and Identification of soil nature soil type testing of soil a...
vishnuraj698790
Presentation of Soil Properties general.ppt
Presentation of Soil Properties general.ppt
saikatbarick1990
SOILs.ppt
SOILs.ppt
Francis de Castro
Soil
Soil
RichardParsons50
Introduction to Soil Science
Introduction to Soil Science
Andy Kleinschmidt
Semelhante a Ch12
(20)
Unit6 T.B Mbele.pptx
Unit6 T.B Mbele.pptx
31. soil science By Allah Dad Khan
31. soil science By Allah Dad Khan
Edaphic Factor
Edaphic Factor
edaphic factors
edaphic factors
Lecture 2. edaphic factors
Lecture 2. edaphic factors
Chapter twelve
Chapter twelve
Edaphic factors- soil profile, structure, porosity, soil moisture, soil air. ...
Edaphic factors- soil profile, structure, porosity, soil moisture, soil air. ...
Forensics of soil complete
Forensics of soil complete
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sail
Soil Science Simplified.ppt #soil science #fundamentals of sail
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICS.pptx
Unit 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICS.pptx
Soil Profile
Soil Profile
index properties of soil.pdf
index properties of soil.pdf
UNIT 1.B.M..pptx
UNIT 1.B.M..pptx
SoilProperties.ppt
SoilProperties.ppt
SoilProperties.ppt
SoilProperties.ppt
Soil Properties and Identification of soil nature soil type testing of soil a...
Soil Properties and Identification of soil nature soil type testing of soil a...
Presentation of Soil Properties general.ppt
Presentation of Soil Properties general.ppt
SOILs.ppt
SOILs.ppt
Soil
Soil
Introduction to Soil Science
Introduction to Soil Science
Mais de lschmidt1170
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
lschmidt1170
Sustainable development goals
Sustainable development goals
lschmidt1170
Magna cartas lessons for the me
Magna cartas lessons for the me
lschmidt1170
What is the magna carta and why there is a google doodle telegraph
What is the magna carta and why there is a google doodle telegraph
lschmidt1170
Universal declaration of human rights
Universal declaration of human rights
lschmidt1170
Magna carta and the law of nature
Magna carta and the law of nature
lschmidt1170
King john the most evil monarch in britain's history telegraph
King john the most evil monarch in britain's history telegraph
lschmidt1170
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
lschmidt1170
Constitution billofrightsfacts
Constitution billofrightsfacts
lschmidt1170
Feudal strength! henry ii and the struggle for royal control in
Feudal strength! henry ii and the struggle for royal control in
lschmidt1170
Constitution
Constitution
lschmidt1170
Bill of rights
Bill of rights
lschmidt1170
A magna carta for the earth oecd observer
A magna carta for the earth oecd observer
lschmidt1170
Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989
Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989
lschmidt1170
Na map 1 with terms
Na map 1 with terms
lschmidt1170
Introfall 2016 14week
Introfall 2016 14week
lschmidt1170
Fall 2016 syllabus geog 110 71
Fall 2016 syllabus geog 110 71
lschmidt1170
Fall 2016 intro wed
Fall 2016 intro wed
lschmidt1170
Fall 2016 intro mon
Fall 2016 intro mon
lschmidt1170
Fall 2016 geog 101 l syllabus we
Fall 2016 geog 101 l syllabus we
lschmidt1170
Mais de lschmidt1170
(20)
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
Sustainable development goals
Sustainable development goals
Magna cartas lessons for the me
Magna cartas lessons for the me
What is the magna carta and why there is a google doodle telegraph
What is the magna carta and why there is a google doodle telegraph
Universal declaration of human rights
Universal declaration of human rights
Magna carta and the law of nature
Magna carta and the law of nature
King john the most evil monarch in britain's history telegraph
King john the most evil monarch in britain's history telegraph
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
How did the magna carta influence the united states bill of rights
Constitution billofrightsfacts
Constitution billofrightsfacts
Feudal strength! henry ii and the struggle for royal control in
Feudal strength! henry ii and the struggle for royal control in
Constitution
Constitution
Bill of rights
Bill of rights
A magna carta for the earth oecd observer
A magna carta for the earth oecd observer
Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989
Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989
Na map 1 with terms
Na map 1 with terms
Introfall 2016 14week
Introfall 2016 14week
Fall 2016 syllabus geog 110 71
Fall 2016 syllabus geog 110 71
Fall 2016 intro wed
Fall 2016 intro wed
Fall 2016 intro mon
Fall 2016 intro mon
Fall 2016 geog 101 l syllabus we
Fall 2016 geog 101 l syllabus we
Último
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
?#DUbAI#??##{{(☎️+971_581248768%)**%*]'#abortion pills for sale in dubai@
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
hans926745
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
Safe Software
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Radu Cotescu
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Enterprise Knowledge
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
Martijn de Jong
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
HampshireHUG
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
sammart93
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Drew Madelung
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Principled Technologies
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
Neo4j
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
Boston Institute of Analytics
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
Antenna Manufacturer Coco
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
wesley chun
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
The Digital Insurer
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
sudhanshuwaghmare1
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
Rafal Los
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc
Último
(20)
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
+971581248768>> SAFE AND ORIGINAL ABORTION PILLS FOR SALE IN DUBAI AND ABUDHA...
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
Tech Trends Report 2024 Future Today Institute.pdf
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
From Event to Action: Accelerate Your Decision Making with Real-Time Automation
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Scaling API-first – The story of a global engineering organization
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
Driving Behavioral Change for Information Management through Data-Driven Gree...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
2024: Domino Containers - The Next Step. News from the Domino Container commu...
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
04-2024-HHUG-Sales-and-Marketing-Alignment.pptx
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Axa Assurance Maroc - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategize a Smooth Tenant-to-tenant Migration and Copilot Takeoff
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Boost PC performance: How more available memory can improve productivity
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
Workshop - Best of Both Worlds_ Combine KG and Vector search for enhanced R...
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
HTML Injection Attacks: Impact and Mitigation Strategies
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Tata AIG General Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
What Are The Drone Anti-jamming Systems Technology?
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Powerful Google developer tools for immediate impact! (2023-24 C)
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Bajaj Allianz Life Insurance Company - Insurer Innovation Award 2024
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
The 7 Things I Know About Cyber Security After 25 Years | April 2024
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
TrustArc Webinar - Unlock the Power of AI-Driven Data Discovery
Ch12
1.
Chapter 12: Soils McKnight’s
Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation, Tenth Edition, Hess
2.
Soils • Soil and
Regolith • Soil Forming Factors • Soil Components • Soil Properties • Soil Chemistry • Soil Profiles • Pedogenic Regimes 2© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
3.
Soils • Soil Classification •
Distribution of Soils in the United States 3© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
4.
Soil and Regolith •
Thin layer on top of Earth’s crust (about 15 cm deep) • Complex combination of minerals, organisms, gases, liquids, etc. • Nurtures life • Fundamental interface between the four spheres • Regolith—inorganic material that results from rock weathering • Top layer of regolith is different in amount of biochemical weathering 4© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-2
5.
Soil and Regolith •
Surface of lithosphere almost always represented by soil • Soil often recognized by color • Depth also important, but is only obvious when exposed through excavation 5© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-3
6.
Soil-Forming Factors • Geologic
factor – Source of rock fragments in soil is parent material – Nature of parent material influences soil characteristics – Young soils very reflective of the rocks or sediments from which they resulted 6© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Image courtesy of www.albany.edu
7.
Soil-Forming Factors • Climatic
factor – Temperature and moisture significant to soil formation – Chemical and biological processes accelerated by high temperatures and moisture • Topographic factor – Slope and drainage significant (Figure 12-5) – Lowering of top and bottom of soil 7© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-5
8.
Soil-Forming Factors • Biological
Factor – All soils contain some quantity of living organisms – Plant and animal contributions to soil development – Pedoturbation 8© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-6
9.
Soil-Forming Factors • Biological
Factor (cont.) – Earthworms most important • Innumerable tunnels, mixed by water • Crumbly surface • Digestive actions increase porosity and resist raindrops, lessening erosion • Casts excreted by earthworms • Rearrange material in the soil • Nitrification promoted – Microorganisms—enhance biological decay 9© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-7
10.
Soil-Forming Factors • Time
Factor – Soil processes very slow – Length of time needed depends on parent material and environmental characteristics – Soil degradation or erosion can occur in only a few years – From human perception of time, nonrenewable resource 10© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-8
11.
Soil Components • Inorganic
materials – Bulk of most soil is mineral matter in the form of small but macroscopic particles – Half the volume of an average soil is sand or silt – Smallest particles in soil are clay – Clay has colloidal sized particles – Clay attracts cations 11© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-9
12.
Soil Components • Organic
matter – Small percent of soil volume – Living organisms, dead organisms, decomposing or completely decomposed organisms – Rearrange and aerate soil and yield nutrients through waste products – Litter—leaves, twigs, other dead plant parts on soil surface – Humus—black gelatinous organic matter which results from decomposed residues 12© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
13.
Soil Components • Soil
air – Half volume of average soil is pore spaces – Spaces provide interstices among soil particles – Pores half filled with air, half with water 13© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-11
14.
Soil Components • Soil
water – Rainfall, snowfall, groundwater through capillary action – Four types – Gravitational water: infiltration from above, falls down via gravity – Capillary water: moisture which is held on soil particle surfaces by surface tension 14© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-13
15.
Soil Components • Soil
water (cont.) – Hygroscopic water: thin film of moisture bound to soil particles by adhesion – Combined water: held in chemical combination with soil minerals – Field capacity and wilting point – Leaching: water carrying nutrients down in soil – Eluviation and illuviation 15© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-14
16.
Soil Components • Soil-water
budget – Amount of water added by percolation and snowmelt diminished by evapotranspiration – Soil-water balance – In general, cool temperatures mean less evapotranspiration and water surplus, opposite for warm temperatures 16© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-15
17.
Soil Properties • Color –
Soil color occasionally describes nature and capabilities of soil – Stains on particle surfaces – Black/dark brown has large humus content – Red/yellow indicate high iron oxide content – Gray/blue indicate poor drainage 17© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-16
18.
Soil Properties • Texture –
Feel for particle sizes – Separates in size classification groups – Texture triangle (Figure 12-18) • Structure – Particles aggregate into peds – Soil structure types – Porosity and permeability 18© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-18
19.
Soil Chemistry • Colloids –
Particles smaller than one micrometer in diameter – Inorganic consist of clay – Organic consist of humus – Both are chemically active – Have large water storage capacity – Attract ions 19© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-17
20.
Soil Chemistry • Cation
exchange – Attach to negatively charged colloids – Collodial complex – Cation exchange capacity (CEC) – Clay and humus have high CEC activity • Alkalinity – Acid versus base – Alkaline solutions 20© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-20
21.
Soil Profiles • Soil
development expressed in two dimensions—time and depth • Four processes that deepen and age soil – Addition – Loss – Translocation – Transformation 21© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-21
22.
Soil Profiles • Horizons—distinct
layers with different characteristics • Vertical profile from Earth’s surface through soil layers—soil profile • Six primary horizons • Solum • Variations on the profile – Fossil horizon – Hardpan 22© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-22
23.
Pedogenic Regimes • Five
major soil forming regimes • Laterization – Brick red-colored soil – Requires significant annual moisture surplus – Rapid weathering, dissolution, and decomposition – Little humus but adequate nutrients – Latosols 23© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-23
24.
Pedogenic Regimes • Podzolization –
Gray soil – Limited vegetation nutrient requirements – Acidic plant litter – Effective leaching – Podsols • Gleization – Muddy soil – Poor drainage, acidic – Gley soils 24© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
25.
Pedogenic Regimes • Calcification –
Semiarid climates with little leaching – Little percolating water – Different productivity depending on vegetation • Salinization – In semiarid areas, capillary action brings up water – Intense evaporation leaves behind salts on surface – White color to the soil 25© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
26.
Pedogenic Regimes • Climate
and pedogenic regimes 26© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-24
27.
Soil Classification • Soil
classification scheme— Soil Taxonomy – Generic classification, hierarchical system – Highest level: soil order – Diagnostic horizons • Epipedon • Subsurface – Second level: Suborders – Third level: great groups • Scale of order and mapping of the soil taxonomy 27© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
28.
Soil Classification • The
soils of the world 28© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-25
29.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types • Entisols – Little profile development – Due to age or chemical composition • Inceptisols – No diagnostic horizons – Lack of maturity – Common in tundra and floodplains 29© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-27 Figure 12-28
30.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types (cont.) • Andisols – Develop from volcanic ash – Young with dark upper layers • Gelisols – Young soils that develop slowly due to cold conditions – Found in arctic and subarctic regions 30© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-29 Figure 12-30
31.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types (cont.) • Histosols – Organic, saturated continuously • Aridisols – Soils of dry lands – Distribution correlated to desert climate 31© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-31 Figure 12-32
32.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types (cont.) • Vertisols – Little profile development – Due to age or chemical composition • Mollisols – High in humus and cations – Soft when dry – Found in midlatitudes 32© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-33 Figure 12-34
33.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types (cont.) • Alfisols – Subsurface clay horizon – Medium to generous supply of cations, nutrients, and water • Ultisols – Weathered and leached of nutrients – Reddish color – Alfisols degenerate into Utilisols 33© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-35 Figure 12-36
34.
Global Distribution of
Major Soils • 12 major types (cont.) • Spodosols – Illuvial dark layer where organic matter and other elements accumulate – Infertile • Oxisols – Most thoroughly weathered of soils – Vegetation is efficient in cycling limited nutrients 34© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-37 Figure 12-38
35.
Distribution of Soils
in the United States 35© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 12-39
36.
Summary • Soil is
a thin layer of organic and inorganic material on top of Earth’s crust • Regolith is inorganic material under soil • There are five primary soil forming factors that give rise to the global distribution of soils • Soil primarily consists of organic and inorganic material, soil water, and soil air • Each soil has unique color, texture, and structure 36© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
37.
Summary • Colloid-cation interaction
is important in soil chemistry • Soil acidity is important in its ability to support plant life • Soil development is expressed in terms of horizontal soil horizons • There are five primary pedogenic regimes that are used to understand the soil-forming processes of different soil types 37© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
38.
Summary • The Soil
Taxonomy allows different soil types to be classified • There are 12 primary soil types, each of which has unique color, texture, and structure • Ten of the 12 primary soil types are observed in the contiguous United States 38© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Baixar agora