all about nursing informatics

1. WHAT IS NURSING INFORMATICS?
It is the use of
computer technology
to support nursing
including clinical
practice, education,
administration and
research( Hebda, 1998)
It is also the development and
evaluation of applications, tools
and processes and structures
which assist nurses with the
management of data in taking
care of patients or supporting
practice of nursing. (American
Nurses Association, 1994)

2. FRAMEWORKS FOR NURSING
INFORMATICS

3. COMPUTERS AND NURSING

4. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
COMPUTERS AND NURSING

5. • In 1990's, computer technology
became an integral part of the
healthcare setting.
• And in the year 2000, Clinical
Information System became
individualized in the electronic
patient record, mobile computing
device were introduced, new
technologies were utilized, internet
provided new means of development
and Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996 was
enacted.

6. Computers can perform a wide range of activities that save
time and help nurses provide quality nursing care. It involves:
Nursing
practice
Nursing
education
Nursing
management
Nursing
research

7. It is an electronic record composed
of health information regarding an
individual patient that exists as part
of a complete system designed to
provide access to, and management
of, such information
The Healthcare Information and Management
Systems Society (HIMSS) is the healthcare
industry's membership organization exclusively
focused on providing global leadership for the
optimal use of healthcare information
technology (IT) and management systems for the
betterment of healthcare

8. COMPUTER SYSTEM
A system of interconnected computers that share a
central storage system and various peripheral devices such
as a printers, scanners, or routers.
Input and
output
devices
storage
devices
Central
processing
unit

9. COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Hardware is the
general term for
physical artifacts
of technology.

10. First Generation Computers- Used vacuum tubes as a design. Those computer ran hot and
thus required a great cooling. Vacuum tubes got hot easily, and when they get hot, they
failed regularly. First generation computers were physically huge , but their power was
much less than that of the average desktop computer of the 1900’s.
Second Generation Computers - They use transistors instead of vacuum tubes. This meant
less heat, improved reliability, and much greater speeds. Second generation CPU access
speeds were measured in millionths rather than thousandths of a second (microseconds).
They still quite large, but transistors were smaller and more durable than vacuum tubes.
They also allowed for the development of much more powerful computers.
The Third generation computers were introduced- In this generation, they
used microminiature, solid state components. Third generation CPU access
speeds were measured in billionths of a seconds (nanoseconds)

11. CLASSESS OF COMPUTER
Analog computer- operates on
continuous physical or electrical
magnitudes, measuring, ongoing
continuous analog
quantities such as voltage ,
current, temperature and
pressure.
Digital computer- operates
on discrete discontinuous
numerical digits using the
binary numbering system. It
represents data using
discrete values for all data.
Hybrid Computers- As its name
implies, contains features of
both the analog and the digital
computer. It is used for specific
applications, such as complex
signal processing and other
engineering-oriented
applications.

12. Supercomputers- This is
a computational-
oriented computer
specially designed for
scientific applications
requiring gigantic
amount of calculations.
Mainframes- This is the
fastest, largest, and
most expensive type of
computer used for
processing, storing and
retrieving data the
computing needs.
Microcomputers or
Personal Computer
(PC)- Desktops can
serve as stand-alone
workstation and can be
linked to a network
system to increase the
capabilities
Handheld Computers- have
smaller size than standard
desktop microcomputers,
some have claimed to have
almost the same function
and processing capabilities
as the standard desktop
microcomputer.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

13. Central processing unit- brain of the
computer
Motherboard- main printed circuit board (PCB) found
in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of
the crucial electronic components of the system, such as
the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides
connectors for other peripherals.

14. Primary Memory
read only memory- is
permanent; it remains when
power is off. Example: start
up instructions for computer
is an example
Random access memory-is a
temporary storage area for
program instructions and data
that is being processed. It is
only active when computer is
on

15. Secondary memory
Floppy disk
Hard disk
CD- Rom
USB flash drives
Memory cards

17. NETWORK
Types of Networks
• Local Area Networks (LAN) - networks
within a area, location or business. The
University connects all its computers on a
LAN.
• Wide Area Networks (WAN) - several
LAN connected together
This allows the sharing of computer and software resources,
through the use of the network. For example, several
computers may share one computer, or a word
processing program could also be accessed by many different
users.

18. SOFTWARE AND SYSTEM
Computer software or
simply software is any set
of machine-readable
instructions that directs
a computer's processor to
perform specific
operations. Software is
stored in computer
memory and is intangible.

19. Types of software
Application
software- which
uses the computer
system to perform
special functions or
provide entertainme
nt functions beyond
the basic operation
of the computer
itself.
System software-
which is designed to
directly operate
the computer
hardware, to
provide basic
functionality needed
by users and other
software.
Malicious
software or malware,
which are computer
programs developed to
harm and disrupt
computers. Malware is
closely associated with
computer-related
crimes, though some
malicious programs
may have been
designed as practical
jokes.

20. FREE SOFTWARE
- Is a matter of the users’ freedom to run
copy, distribute, study, change, and
improve the software in any way they
wish. A program is only free software if
users have all of these freedoms.
Example are Amazon, Yahoo and Google .
OPEN SOURCE AND FREE
SOFTWARE

22. 2. Free Redistribution
The license shall not restrict
any party from selling or giving
away the software as a component
of an aggregate software
distribution containing programs
from several different sources. The
license shall not require a royalty
or other fee for such sale.
1. Source Code
The program must include source
code, and must allow distribution in source
code as well as compiled form. Where
some form of a product is not distributed
with source code, there must be a well-
publicized means of obtaining the source
code for no more than a reasonable
reproduction cost preferably, downloading
via the Internet without charge.

23. 3. Derived Works
The license must allow modifications and
derived works, and must allow them to be
distributed under the same terms as the
license of the original software.
4. Integrity of Author’s source code
The license may restrict source-code from
being distributed in modified form only if the
license allows the distribution of "patch files"
with the source code for the purpose of
modifying the program at build time. The
license must explicitly permit distribution of
software built from modified source code.

26. OpenEHR FreeMED
OpenEMR CARE2xs

27. DATA PROCESSING
Manipulation of data by
a computer. It includes the conversion of
raw data to machine-readable form, flow of
data through the CPU and memory
to output devices, and formatting or
transformation of output. Any use of
computers to perform defined operations
on data can be included under data
processing. In the commercial world, data
processing refers to the processing of
data required to run organizations and
businesses.

28. When data are interpreted,
information is produced. While data
are meaningless, information by
definition is meaningful. For data to be
interpreted and information produced,
the data must be processed.
The raw,
uninterrupted
fact that are
without
meaning.
The
quantities,
characters, or
symbols on
which
operations are
performed by
a computer.
Data

29. Some common
approaches in
organizing data:

30. DATABASE
It is an organized
collection of
related data.
Example
Example

31. -are used to process data
and produce information.
-it is often used to refer to
computer systems, but
this is only one type of
information system.
There are manual
information systems as
well as human
information system.

32. Example: Human Brain
It is the most effective and complex
information system.

34. Computer-based data types
.

35. Conceptual data types
- reflect how users view the
data. These can be based on
the source of the data.
Example: the lab produces
lab data, and the x-ray
department produces image
data.
- It can also be based on the event
that the data are attempting to
capture. Examples of data that reflect
event capturing:
Assessment data
 Intervention and outcomes data

37. A functioning DBMS consists of three (3)
interacting parts:
SOME EXAMPLES OF DBMS:
1. The data
2. The DBMS configured
software program
3. The query language used to
access the data.
•Computerized library systems
•Automated teller machines
•Flight reservation systems

38. Types of Files

41. 3 BASIC TYPES OF DATA PROCESSING
OPERATIONS:
1. Data Input
Operations
2. Data
Processing
Processes
3. Data
Output
Operations

43. DATA MINING
-Process of
extracting
information and
knowledge from a
large scale
databases.
-uses powerful
automated
approaches for the
extraction of hidden
predictive
information from
large databases

44. 1. PREDICTING
2. DISCOVERY
3. DEVIATIONS
3 types of data mining processes:

45. 1.Underst
anding the
business
2.Understa
nding the
data
3.Data
preparatio
n
4.Modelin
g
5.Evaluati
on
6.deploy
ment
-is an international cross industry model it is
now being applied to data mining within
healthcare.
CRISP-DM MODEL
6 PHASES OF DATA
MINING PROCESSES
DESCRIBED BY CRISP-
DM MODEL:

46. THE INTERNET: A NURSING RESOURCE
INTERNET
- describes as a network of
computer network
- provides the ability for computes
attached in some way to one of wires
or cables on the system to send and
information from computer networks
regardless of the location.

47. TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
Internet Protocol (IP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Hypertext transmission protocol
(HTTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

48. THE WORLD WIDE WEB
An information system on the
Internet that allows documents
to be connected to other
documents by hypertext links,
enabling the user to search for
information by moving from one
document to another. Invented
by Tim Berners lee

49. - Has special
software that
allows
receiving,
interpreting,
and sending to
the client
computer the
request file.
- Web’s use of
HTTP enables
the
transmitting
and
interpretation
of all types of
files.
- hypertext is a
system which
permits objects
to be linked to
another.
FUNCTIONS OF WWW

50. CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF
HEALTH INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET

51. PDA and WIRELESS DEVICES

52. Palm OS
Windows
Mobile
The operating system
controls how the
hardware and the
software work together.

53. A wireless device can refer to any
kind of communications
equipment that does not require
a physical wire for relaying
information to another device.
Example: wireless fidelity
(Wi-Fi )governs how local
area networks (LANs)
connect wirelessly

54. 4.) Memo pad
5.) Notepad
6.) to do list

55. Some of PDA applications
Epocrateas Rx
MobileMicromedex
Lexi-Complete
Medical calculator
The JohnsHopkins
Antibiotic Guide
Infectious Disease Notes

56. INCORPORATING EVIDENCE: USE of COMPUTER-BASED
CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR HEALTH
PROFESSIONALS
Decision support systems
(DSS) are automated tools
designed to support healthcare
providers in making decisions
about the delivery of patients
care.
The primary goal of CDSS is the
optimization of both the
efficiency and effectiveness
with which clinical decisions
are made and care is delivered.

57. Nursing decision support
systems(NDSS) are tools that help
nurses improve their
effectiveness, determine areas in
need of policy or
protocol development.

58. THREE MAIN PURPOSES OF A DSS ARE
TO:
Assist in
problemsolving
with semistructured
problems
Support, not
replace,
the judgement of a
manager or
clinician
Improve the
effectiveness of
the decision-making
process

59. TYPES OF CDSS
ADMINISTRATI
VE AND
ORGANIZATIO
NAL SYSTEMS
INTEGRATE
D SYSTEMS
CHARACTER
ISTICS
Functional
Logical
Structural