CREATING CITIES, SHAPING INDIVIDUALS Urban Land Use Planning
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Urban land use planning is essential for managing land resources and guiding development in cities. It determines how land can be used through comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances. Land use decisions are shaped by physical, social, economic factors and stakeholder motives. Urbanization and population growth require optimizing land use to promote public welfare. Effective planning encourages suitable development and restrains misuse while allowing for changing needs over time.
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CREATING CITIES, SHAPING INDIVIDUALS Urban Land Use Planning
- 1. 1 CREATING CITIES, SHAPING INDIVIDUALS Urban Land Use Planning
- 2. 2
- 3. Think of your dream residence. 3
- 4. 4
- 5. 5 Sustainable City Is healthier Is higher in status Is more fun Is more resilient Lures people together Rewards efficient choices Ensures good choice is happy choice Montgomery (2013)
- 6. Urban Land Use Planning • “The proper management of land resources so that it continually benefits public interest and general welfare1” in the urban setting 1 Serote, E. (2004) 6
- 7. Urban Land Use Planning • The key intervention tool of the State (and its sub-units) towards managing land resources in the urban setting 7
- 8. Immobility Finiteness Physical attributes Use Why Plan? Because land has: Adapted from David (1975). 8
- 9. Land Use Planning Design Public policy Information needs Planner and stakeholder relationships Continuity in planning and implementation Professional planning functions 9 Aspects of Land Use Planning Adapted from Serote (2004).
- 10. Determinants of Land Use Decisions Physical Factors Social Factors Economic Factors Characteristics and Motives of Stakeholders Land Use Decisions Serote (2004) 10
- 11. Highest and best use Using land in a manner that provides an optimum return to its operator or to society 11
- 12. Irreversible Land Use Conversions Changing the character of land to such a degree that reversal becomes impractical, if not impossible 12
- 13. Irreversible Land Use Conversions 13
- 14. 14 The world is urbanizing.
- 15. Urbanized Area •a continuous built-up landscape defined by building and population densities Urbanization •the change of status of a populated area from rural to urban 15
- 16. Central Business District • Center of an urban region, • Land values are high • Activities are concentrated 17
- 17. 18 • Manila CBD Manila CBD Taguig CBD
- 20. 21 Inverse Concentric Model Adapted from Cadavos (n.d.)
- 21. 24 Urban Patterns in South and Southeast Asian Cities Proposed by Mcgee in 1967
- 22. Determinants of Land Use Decisions Physical Factors Social Factors Economic Factors Characteristics and Motives of Stakeholders Land Use Decisions Serote (2004) 25
- 23. Comprehensive Land Use Plan “Rational approach of allocating available resources as equitably as possible among competing user groups and for different functions consistent with the development plan of the area RA 7279 26
- 24. 27
- 25. Zoning The division of a city/municipality according to present and potential uses of land to maximize, regulate and direct their use and development HLURB (2013) 28
- 26. 29 Serote 2004 work only live only play only work and live work and play live and play work live play
- 27. Zoning Ordinance A legal document enacted by the local government unit that embodies regulations on the allowed uses in each city/municipality zone HLURB (2013) 30
- 28. Benefits of Land Use Zoning • Optimal use of land • Promotion of public health and safety through compatible arrangement • Preservation of desirable character and real estate values • Promotion of rational and orderly growth 31
- 30. 33 Low Density = Phil-Am Homes Subdivision
- 31. 34 High Density = Project 6
- 32. Structure of Local Governments in the Philippines through RA 7160 National Government Province Municipality Barangay Component City Barangay Independent City Barangay Modified from Atienza (2006) 35
- 33. “The Local Government Units shall continue to prepare their respective CLUPs…which shall be the primary and dominant bases for the future use of land resources…” 36 Section 20 (c), RA 7160
- 34. Highest and best use Using land in a manner that provides an optimum return to its operator or to society 37
- 35. Urban land use planning is especially essential because of large populations and high activity concentrations in urban areas. 39
- 36. 41 Urban land use planning can •Provide advantageous guidelines •Restrain land misuse •Encourage appropriate uses.
- 37. 42 Montgomery (2014). Commuters of longer distances are less happy.
- 38. 43
- 39. Protected Areas Photo by Paulo Alcazaren
- 41. 46 Mixed Land Uses • A given land unit accommodates multiple land uses
- 42. 47
- 43. 48 Photo from Bernardo Arellano III We must change what we know is not working.
- 44. Photo by Dinna Dayao. 49
- 45. 50 Photo by Lorne Matalon. The Transmilenio Bogota’s Bus Rapid Transit
- 46. Philippine public transportation can be more convenient. 52
- 47. 53 Pedestrianization in New York
- 49. 55 Pedestrianization in Iloilo City Photo by Paulo Alcazaren.
- 51. 57 Think of your dream residence again? Is it impossible to be in the Philippines? Will we see it in the next ten years? Yes! Through great execution of good plans.
- 52. "The city shapes the way we move; our movements shape the city in return." Charles Montgomery, Happy City 58
Notas do Editor
- The soul of land-use planning Public laws and regulations require the basic direction and vision of land use plans The tools and techniques through which the planning process is informed Land use planning is an arena of power, influence and responsibility. LUP is an iterative process. Plan revisions, execution, and administration must be continuous and timely. Planning is a professional recognition (EnP Law)
- What
- In 2007, for the first time in history, global urban population exceeded global rural population. In 2015, 54% of world’s population is urban; in 2050, the world will be two-thirds urban.
- Central Place Theory
- Concentric ring critiques: overemphasized residential patterns and did not give proper credit to other land uses, ignored physical features, took little account of industrial and railway use, and disregarded the effect of radial routes upon land values and uses Sector model critiques: Few zones or urban clusters can be said to be homogenous socio-economically. Many transport routes today are surrounded by low-rent districts Freeways are today’s major transport routes, yet these did not develop spontaneously but were imposed on existing urban pattern.
- Certain activities require highly specialized facilities Certain activities cluster because they profit from mutual association Certain activities repel each other and will not be found in the same area Certain activities could not make a profit if they paid the high rent of the most desirable locations
- It is the poor who are moving away from the central city Observed mostly in least developed countries. Center is more desirable than suburbs because of lack of an adequate and dependable transportation system The functions of the city are controlled by the elite and concentrated in the center
- Each realm is a separate economic, social and political entity that is linked together to form a larger metro framework. The creator of the theory of urban realms was James E. Vance Jr., and he created it in the 1960’s. Now urban realms have become, so large they even have exurbs, not just suburbs. Exurbs are suburbs that are, so far away from a city they really can’t be called suburbs any more. The model works extremely well wit the San Francisco Bay area, because it is where Vance came up with the model for it. The city this worst applies to is to Phoenix, Arizona, because the city just sprawls, with very bad development, and shows a lot of characteristics of urban sprawl. 3. Urban Realms Model a. Vance developed the urban realms model from his observation of the San Francisco Bay area and its sprawling metropolis. b. This model includes independent suburban downtowns as their foci, and yet they are within the sphere of influence of the central city and its metropolitan CBD. c. Each urban realm depends on four factors: i. The overall size of the metropolitan region ii. The amount of economic activity in each urban realm iii. The topography and major land features, which help to identify each realm iv. The internal accessibility of each realm for daily economic functions and travel patterns. d. An urban realm is likely to become self-sufficient if: i. The size of the overall metropolis is large ii. There is a large amount of decentralized economic activity in the region iii. Topography barriers isolate the suburban region iv. Good internal accessibility for daily commercial and business travel exists (especially to airport)
- Core Frame Model
- Medium-sized cities of South east asia Focal point is colonial ort zone with commercial district No CBD: elements of CBD are present as separate clusters
- What
- QC Land Use Plan
- Optimized use of land based on, among others, suitability and capability, e.g. use of prime agricultural land for agricultural purposes and high value areas for intense urban developments. 2. Promotion of public health and safety through compatible arrangement of various land uses, e.g. buffering between residential and industrial zones and through standards for environmental protection and conservation. 3. Preservation of desirable character and real estate values of the zone or sub-zone through standards intended to facilitate high quality and appropriate developments. 4. Promotion of the rational and orderly growth of the city/municipality by employing a system that allows the adequate evaluation of development proposals in both public and private lands.
- QC Zoning Map (see if there is CLUP latest)
- QC Zoning Map (see if there is CLUP latest)
- Photo of density in urban areas