History of Computer Systems - Why we are doing it that way

History of Computer Systems Why we are doing it that way from a modern web perspective lorieri@ google mail dot com

Agenda 0 - Goals, Who I am Past 1 - First Computer 2 - Commercial Era 3 - Interpreters 4 - Integrated Circuits 5 - Multi-programming 6 - Networks 7 - Mainframes 8 - Personal Computers 9 - Some chaos 10 - Popularization 11 - Client/Server era 12 - Dynamic Web 13 - Physics chaos 14 – Parallelism now crucial Present 15 - Virtualization 16 - Actual situation 17 - Softwares 18 - I/O 19 - More Challenges 20 - SSD 21 - *aaS era 22 - New World Order 23 - Parallelization 24 - Acceptance 25 - Maintainability 26 - Languages 27 - ORM Future 28 - Science 29 - Future

Goals ,[object Object], - by past and present facts , try to help new web professionals understand why web development is going that way: why queues, why caches, why REST, why NoSql, why processes, etc - try to illustrate how and why old technologies were re-packed to help on web development - be famous and rich and people think I'm smart

Who I am not ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], I'm a just an "old" uncle, and sysadmin - "introduction" and "First" can mean "become popular at some point" or "it is now time to talk about it in the presentation" - "Hacker" here is Cracker, the bad guy - Sequence of facts are not accurate

1 - Beginning, First Electric Computer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2 - Commercial era, Business computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],First " Fad " : Batch's CPU utilization vs Multi-programming's people productivity

Business and Science Data Processing Calculation

3 - Interpreters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

from Tanenbaum's book from Tanenbaum's book

4 - Integrated Circuit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

So what to do with so much power ? - Now it was time to share CPU little pieces of time among multiple processes (Virtual multi-tasking)

5 - Multi-programming ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Not a fad anymore

System Levels +Access Control +Bugs +Complexity =HACKERS !!!

6 - Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

7 - Mainframes Piles of CPUs in a huge and very expensive machine to process large amount of data quickly - Money and time was crucial: fault tolerant hardware - Very few and slow wide area networks contributed to centralization - Centralized costs of maintenance - Beginning of Virtualization - Introduction of hypervisors - Very specialized manpower

8 - Personal Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

9 - Some chaos ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

10 - Popularization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

11 - Client/Server era (latency era) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Business Mainframes Client/Server

12 - Dynamic Content Internet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Shopping = Money Time is Money Time = High Availability Shopping = User Experience

People started to comment above previous messages in replied emails

13 - Physics Chaos ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

14 - Parallelism now crucial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

... and after so long Windows learned how to use execution levels, virtual memory and decreased their system's crashes :)

15 - Virtualization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

16 - Actual situation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

17 - How software helped ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],We did it all, by putting a network layer in everything and using more and more cheap machines (Federate) - PHP (Open-Run-Die)*millions style required optimizations - no cheap shared memory, no cheap communication, no cheap locking - Data distribution and tasks distribution, more backend pieces . Now you can set up a load balancing in minutes with few bucks Remember the IPC and RPC ? Evolved to be API , "Inter-Application Communication" - Massive use of Soap and REST

18 - Accesses even slower (I/O) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/ladis2009/talks/dean-keynote-ladis2009.pdf 1 ns = .000000001 seconds worse for multi-cpu and virtual machines how many hardware pieces between US and EU can fail ?

19 - Much more challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], Remember the system execution levels ? They left the computers, became environments : - Development Environment - Testing Environment - Staging Environment - Production Environment You can't just copy files around and rollbacks are not trivial anymore Mixed technologies and complex environments brought to web deploys automation , packaging and processes to keep control and minimize incidents A big problem: access control is now world wide

20 - and the SSD ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

21 - *aaS Era ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

22 - New World Order ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Message-passing and event-driven programming is exactly how the kernel has worked for 40 years

Y U NO PARALLELIZE EASILY !?!?!?!

23 - Why web devs don't parallelize ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So,What Can You Do About It? Edited by: Paul E. McKenney Linux Technology Center IBM Beaverton [email_address] January 2, 2011

24 - Acceptance of new technologies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],When chip companies were rushing to 16 bits: " Intel went to a different direction..." "...total disaster" "...go back to 8 bits... try to capture the business of 8 bits by making a machine that was assembly language compatible ..." And Intel keeps doing it since then, but we don't know until when, get prepared "This is a great time to be a programmer, we have a lot of choices, we need to be smart about making those choices and be open to accepting the new ideas because there is a lot of new ideas out there, we shouldn't be rejecting just because they are unfamiliar and we don't see the need for it "

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],25 - Maintainability

26 - New languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

27 - ORM, not now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Matt Yonkovit - at Percona Live NYC 2011 http://www.percona.com/files/presentations/percona-live/nyc-2011/PerconaLiveNYC2011-How-MySQL-and-NoSQL-Coexist.pdf

28 - And where is Science ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

29 - Future ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

History of Computer Systems - Why we are doing it that way

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History of Computer Systems - Why we are doing it that way