Comprehensive presentation on the different types of lighting technology used with sight glasses. It compares LED, halogen, and other styles of sight glass lighting.

1. o Types, Benefits, Uses
o Latest Lighting Technologies
o The Perfect Lighting Solution
o Ratings and Approvals
Everything You Want to Know
About Lighting and More!

2. This Lighting Presentation includes:
• Halogen lights
• LED Lights
• Other lighting technologies
• Ratings and approvals
• Selecting the appropriate light
• New lights

3. Halogen
Lighting

4. Measurement of Light
• Lumens
• Measurement of light in all directions - best
used for incandescent bulbs
• Not an effective measurement of reflected
Light
• Foot-Candles (candela) measures light at a
distance from the bulb

5. Measurement of Light
• Lux another effective unit of measurement of
reflective light
• Foot-candles can be converted to lux by the
following formula:
Foot-Candles ÷ 0.0929 = Lux
• Generally speaking, foot-candles and lux are
inversely proportional to the distance
squared
• Example, a lux of 200 at a distance of 5 ft.
from a bulb is 50 lux at a distance of 10 ft.
• If the distance is doubled the lux is reduced
to ¼ of the original lux

6. Maximizing Light Output
• Filament must be at focal point of
reflector to maximize light
• Intention is to have all light directed
in a parallel manner (Figure A)

7. Maximizing Light Output
• Some light will be direct and angled
(see Figure B)
• A typical angle of reflection
for a spot is 10º

8. Flood Light
• Flood lighting is often desirable but will
compromise efficiency
• Three ways to produce wider angle
(30–35º)
1. Moving filament away from reflector’s focal point
2. Reflecting at angles other than parallel
(Figure C)
3. More direct light (angled) will be generated

9. Flood Light
• Reflector designed slightly different
than parabolic shape
• Light reflecting at different angles
(Figure D)
• Dimpled glass lens usually in
encapsulated bulb
• A common example
is an outdoor floodlight

10. Voltage vs. Intensity
24V light produces more output than 120 or 230V
• Basic power formula: Voltage × Amperage =
Wattage
• As voltage increases and wattage remains
the same, amperage must be reduced
• Amperage is inversely proportional to the
voltage (if wattage remains constant)

11. Voltage vs. Intensity
• As a result, the higher the voltage the more
resistance is needed
• Higher voltage requires a longer, thinner
filament – bad for reflecting
• 24V shorter, thicker filament has two benefits
1. A thicker filament can burn hotter and produces a
brighter, whiter light
2. A shorter filament produces more light at the
reflector’s focal point, resulting in more efficient
reflections

12. Light vs. Heat
• Typical halogen bulb produces 15% light and
85% heat which comes from invisible IR
• There are 3 ways to reduce the IR light (or
heat) from a light source…

13. Light vs. Heat
First Way to reduce the IR light from a light
source
1. Cool beam bulb
• Allows IR light to pass through reflector
• Not 100% effective as non-reflected
(direct) light has IR

14. Light vs. Heat
Second Way to reduce the IR light from a
light source
2. IR mirror
• Placed opposite reflector, reflects the IR
back
• Only allows visible light to pass through

15. Light vs. Heat
Third Way to reduce the IR light from a light
source
3. IR filter
• Placed opposite reflector, absorbs IR
• Allows visible light to pass

16. Halogen Bulb Types

17. LED Lighting
(Light Emitting Diodes)

18. LED Background
• Thomas Edison demonstrated first incandescent in
1879
• Past 40 years LED was used in niche applications
• Red light was only effective option
• First calculators and watches
• Then signs and traffic signals
• Benefits: Improved brightness, increased
applications

19. LED Advantages
• Long service life (5 years and improving)
• Shock and vibration resistant
• Smaller
• Cold light output
• Energy efficient (low operating costs – green
technology)

20. LED Advantages
• Generate directional light
• Easy to control color output
• Can remove potentially harmful or unwanted
radiation, such as ultraviolet or infra-red light
• No maintenance

21. LED Future
• Energy savings
• 20% electricity generated is used for lighting
• LEDs could cut that amount in half
• Save billions of dollars in electricity bills
• Significantly reduce energy demand,
environmental pollution and greenhouse-gas
emissions
• Gov’t funding to triple efficiency of white LEDs by
2025
• The days of the incandescent bulb are numbered

22. LED Comparison
LED Cool Light Halogen and Incandescent Lighting
Heat Generation
5% of energy consumed to heat
generation
85% of energy consumed to heat
generation
Efficiency 55.6 lumens per watt 10 lumens per watt
Color Temperature 4800 - 6300 K temperature,
approximates daylight, provides
greater ground definition and less eye
fatigue
2800 K Temperature approximates dusk
and causes eye fatigue
Usable Pattern Emits a directional light source that
can efficiently be captured and
translated into the operational field
Emits a spherical light source that is very
difficult to capture to the operational
field
Life Filament free design Filament design that when subjected to
shock and vibration causes damage and
shortens bulb life (instant expiration)
Value Lower maintenance costs, better
warranty coverage, lower power
consumption, and longer life.
Routine maintenance, standard warranty,
high power consumption, and shorter life.

23. Other Lighting
Technologies

24. Lighting Alternatives
• Metal Halides (HID)
• Cool burning
• Consumes less power
• Lasts around 10,000 hours
• Produces more light at higher color
temperature
• Requires a ballast
• Available in ESL37, ESL39 and USL07 lights

25. Lighting Alternatives
• Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL)
• Requires proper disposal (mercury)
• Lasts around 10,000 hours
• 20-25% of energy cost compared to halogen
• Difficult to reflect – not good for process
vessel lighting

26. Rating and
Approvals

27. NEMA and IP Ratings

28. • North America Class System
• Separated into 3 based on explosive
characteristics
• Further separated into Divisions or Zones
• Division has two levels, Zone has three levels
Explosion Proof Ratings

29. • Class I level of hazard depends on frequency of
occurrence
• Longer the material is present, the greater the
risk
Explosion Proof Ratings

30. • Class I Groups based on explosive properties
• North America has four Groups
• Cenelec uses three Groups
Explosion Proof Ratings

31. Temperature Classes
• Ignition temperature is the minimum
temperature of a surface at which a explosive
atmosphere ignites
• Max temp of equipment must be lower than
ignition temp
• See chart on next page…
Explosion Proof Ratings

32. Explosion Proof Ratings

33. NEMA Requirements for Hazardous Locations
Explosion Proof Ratings

34. Light Selection

35. • Size (for appropriate port and height
restrictions)
• Weight (topple over vessel)
• Voltage (Customer’s availability)
• Wattage (appropriate for application)
• Light Pattern (flood vs. spot)
Lighting Considerations

36. • Housing Material (Aluminum or stainless -
corrosive atmospheres)
• Heat output (heat sensitive media)
• Atmospheric conditions (wet locations, i.e. hose
down)
• Location requirements (i.e. hazardous)
• Inaccessible area (minimize maintenance)
• Required on time (continuous vs. intermittent)
Lighting Considerations

37. Light Intensity Requirement
• Factors to Consider
• Vessel Depth
• Vessel Characteristics
• Reflection (polished)
• Absorption (lined)
• Required viewing area
• Full or empty
• Wide or narrow
• Objects being viewed
• Foam
• Level
• Residue

39. Light Selection
Chart

40. Light Selection
Chart

41. Light
Distribution
Chart
USL06-EX 24/50
Flood

42. Mounting Lights
• Light and View Combination
• Half-moon type (Lumistar)
• Bracket mount
• Fiber optic
• Direct light mounts
• Sanitary, flanged, welded
• Bracket, MetaClamp, adapter, etc.

43. Mounting Lights
• Onto existing sight ports (i.e. cover flange)
with bracket
• Visual flow indicators (bracket)
• At distance from sight port (fiber optic)
• Mount on side of vessel
• Away from hose down area
• Inside control panel
• Special mounting – if possible, we can do it

44. Application Selection Form
Data Sheet No. 02-0118

45. Lighting Options
• Lights are available in different sizes, volts and
watts
• Designed for hazardous locations
• For very small areas (fiber optics)
• Available accessories
• Momentary and permanent on/off switches
(internal and remote)
• Timers (internal and remote)
• Cameras for remote viewing

46. New Lights

47. • USL08LF (Lumiflex) Fiberoptic Light
• Flexible Fiber Bundle
• Approvals
• UL 844
• Class I, Div 1&2, Groups C&D
• Power Source: 120Volt
• Lamp: 39 Watt Fiber Optic Bulb
• Options
• Mounts to Sanitary MetaClamp
• Remote Timer
Explosion Proof Luminaires

48. Light Distribution Chart
Competitor comparison

49. E/USL 55-EX
• Fit and Forget (Up To 50,000 Hours)
• Stainless (ESL) or Aluminum (ASL) Construction
• Durable – Impact and Vibration Resistant
• Low Heat Output
• Power Source: 12, 24, 120 & 230 Volt
• Low Power Consumption
• Options:
• Sanitary or Bracket Mount
• Momentary Switch
• Continuous Use Feature
Explosion Proof Luminaires

50. Series USL16/36-LED
• Fit and Forget (Up To 50,000 Hours)
• All Stainless Steel Construction
• Durable – Impact and Vibration Resistant
• Cold Light Output
• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt
• Low Power Consumption
• Options
• Sanitary or Bracket Mount
• Momentary Switch
• Continuous Use Feature
Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

51. Series FLBP (Cordless)
• Compact Design (Smallest)
• All Stainless Steel Construction
• Power Source: Batteries
• Lamp: LED
• On/Off Switch
• Available with Sanitary Connection
• For Portable Vessels
Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

52. Series Lumi-View33
• Combination Light/Sight Glass Lighting Port
• All Stainless Steel Construction
• Mounts to Most Existing Sight Ports
• Low Heat Output
• Power Source: 24 Volt
• Lamp: 5 Watt LED
• View/Light 1” view and greater
Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

53. Series ESL39-HID (Metal Halide)
• Most Powerful Light
• Stainless Steel Construction
• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt
• Lamp: 35 or 70 Watt HID
• HID High Power ⇒ 300W Halogen
• Low Heat Output
• One Year Continuous Use (10,000 hrs.)
• Options
• Wide Angle Distribution
• Sanitary Connection
Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

54. Series ESL39-HID (Metal Halide)
• Most Powerful Light
• Stainless Steel Construction
• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt
• Lamp: 35 or 70 Watt HID
• HID High Power ⇒ 300W Halogen
• Low Heat Output
• One Year Continuous Use (10,000 hrs.)
• Options
• Wide Angle Distribution
• Sanitary Connection
Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

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56. • For More Information
• Visit L.J. Star Incorporated for more information on Site
Glass Lighting L.J. Star Inc.
• Contact us directly:
• Mailing Address:
L.J. Star Incorporated
P.O. Box 1116
Twinsburg, OH 44087
• Telephone: (330) 405-3040
FAX: (330) 405-3070
Lighting and Sight Glass Lighting