Spanish Adjectives

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¿ Qué son Adjectivos ? Adjectives are descriptive words that add add flavor and zest to plain nouns, like cat, dog, person, building, etc. A “spiced up” description might look something like this: the orange, lazy cat; the funny person, the gigantic building, etc. Plain nouns, such as gato, perro, persona, edificio “spiced up” might look like: el gato anaranjado y flojo, la persona c ómica, el edificio gigantesco, etc. There are all kinds of descriptive adjectives. This lesson focuses on vocabulary about personality traits, colors, and basic object descriptions. We will also learn how to make adjectives nouns and articles all get along correctly (agree with each other). Adjectives

Personality Traits ¿ Cuáles son algunos Adjectivos ? These adjectives can describe a person. Here are some common personality traits: Él es . . . For adjectives describing a man make it end with “ -o .” Ella es . . . For adjectives describing a woman make it end with “ -a .” Yo soy . . . Adjective ends with ‘–a’ if “I am” a woman, or ‘–o’ if “I am” a man. Yo soy una persona . . . Adjective ends with ‘–a’ since “persona” is feminine—even if you aren’t! … activo active …famoso famous … fantástico fantastic …amable friendly … feliz happy …bonito pretty … feo ugly …guapo handsome … paciente patient …débil weak … impaciente impatient …delgado thin … malo bad …difícil difficult … rebelde rebellious …flojo lazy … optimista optimistic …enrgético energetic … honesto honest If the pesonality trait doesn’t end with an “–o” or “–a,” leave the ending as-is!

C o l o r s ¿ Cuáles son algunos Adjectivos ? These colors can describe an object. Here are some common colors: El color es . . . El objeto es . . . … negro black la bicicleta negra the black bicycle … azul blue el cielo azul the blue sky … marrón brown el perro marrón the brown dog … gris gray el automóvil gris the grey automobile … verde green el árbol verde the green tree … naranja orange la gata anaranjada the orange cat … rosado pink la cartera rosada the pink purse … rojo red el libro rojo the red book … violeto violet la ropa violeta the violet clothing … blanco white la camisa blanca the white shirt … amarillo yellow el sol amarillo the yellow sun If the gender of the noun is feminine, those ending with –o change to –a. If the color doesn’t end with an –o or –a, leave the ending as-is!

Common Basic Descriptions ¿ Cuáles son algunos adjectivos ? These adjectives can describe an object or thing. Here are some basic object descriptions: El objeto es … (The object is…) La cosa es … (The thing is…) … abundante abundant …mejor better … barato cheap …necesario necessary … caliente hot …permanente permanent … caro expensive …nuevo new … corto short (length) …sucio dirty … delicioso delicious ...roto broken … duro hard, difficult …quemado burnt … favorito favorite …santo holy … flexible flexible …sólido solid … grande big …suave soft … importante important …viejo old … lento slow …vacío empty … mayor older

Adjectives – Correct Placement In English, we use adjectives before we say what we’re decribing: The lazy cat The brown dog The funny person The tall building But in Spanish, the adjectives come after the noun: El gato flojo El perro marrón La persona cómica El edificio alto There are some cases that adjectives come before in Spanish, but we’ll do that in another lesson

Adjective Endings ¿ Cómo se usan los adjectivos ? Spanish adjectives work just like nouns: Their endings are either singular or plural, and masculine or feminine. In fact, whether it’s masculine/feminine singular/plural is entirely determined by the noun!  Generally: Adjectives will match nouns that end with “-o” or “-a” (masculine or feminine) Some nouns end with “-e . ” You will have to check its article to see if it’s masculine/feminine. There are also nouns with other (consonant) endings -dad -r -ud -l - ón - tión -ción For each one of these types of nouns, there are rules that determine the gender.

You can tell an adjective is singular/plural masculine/feminine when you look at the noun it is describing. Identifying this is simple! Does the noun have an “-s” at the end? Is it masculine/feminine? Example: Masculine Singular Masculine Plural edificio rojo edificios rojos red building red buildings Feminine Singular Feminine Plural bicicleta roja bicicletas rojas red bicycle red bicycles Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions, the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populares the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populares the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos especiales the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populares the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos especiales the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras útiles the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populares the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos especiales the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras útiles the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños jóvenes the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

How do you change the adjectives that have consonant endings? For singular descriptions , the adjective will stay the same , but for plural adjectives , add “ -es .” Singular Plural la muchacha popular the popular gal las muchachas populares the popular gals el muchacho popular the popular guy los muchachos populares the popular guys el grupo especial the special group los grupos especiales the special groups la palabra útil the useful word las palabras útiles the useful words el niño joven the young boy los niños jóvenes the young boys la niña joven the young girl las niñas jóvenes the young girls Practice Adjective Endings

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy _________. The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________. The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________. The soup is hot. La sopa es _________. They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy _________. The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________. The soup is hot. La sopa es _________. They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy _________. The soup is hot. La sopa es _________. They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es _________. They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son _________ que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayores que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis _________. The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayores que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritos . The houses are empty. Las casas están _________. I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayores que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritos . The houses are empty. Las casas están vacías . I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacío – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayores que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritos . The houses are empty. Las casas están vacías . I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy _________. caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Practice! Can you make the adjective correctly agree? My girlfriend is very active. Mi novia es muy activa . The lawns look very green. Los pastos parecen muy verdes . The young fellow is very friendly El joven es muy amable . The soup is hot. La sopa es caliente . They (fem.) are older than their brothers. Ellas son mayores que sus hermanos. Those chocolates are my favorites. Estos chocolates son mis favoritos . The houses are empty. Las casas están vacías . I have very short hair. Yo tengo el cabello muy corto . caliente – hot activo – active friendly – amable vacio – empty verde – green older - mayor corto – short favorito – favorite

Fill in the blank! Can you change the adjective appropriately? Select from the word bank below. This is a necessary solution. Esta es una solución ___________. That dog is bad. Ese perro es ___________. My sister is thin. Mi hermana es ___________. The neighbors are friendly. Los vecinos son ___________. Generally, the sun is yellow. Generalmente, el sol es ___________. The flowers are blue. Las flores son ___________. Jessica’s friend is rebellious. La amiga de Jessica es ___________. Those problems are difficult. Esos problemas son ___________. The black cat is mine. El gato ___________ es mío. My professor is very impatient. Mi profesor es muy ___________. Jimmy’s turtle isn’t very slow. La tortuga de Jimmy no es muy ___________. necesario negro amable amarillo impaciente rebelde lento difícil malo azul delgado Practice!

Lesson Complete In this lesson we went over: - Adjectives – Introduction and list of common adjectives: -Personality traits -Colors -Basic Object descriptions - Correct placement of adjectives - Noun and article agreement -Gender -Singular/Plural - Non-vowel Ending rules -Gender -Singular/Plural - Practice! Keep practicing! Flashcard Sets: Personality Adjectives http://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459893/Spanish-Personality-adjectives Colors http://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459926/Spanish-Color-Descriptions Personality Adjectives http://www.livemocha.com/flashcard_sets/view/459968/Basic-Descriptive-Adjectives Keep doing Livemocha Lessons, and practice with native speakers on Livemocha In conversation with native speakers, listen to their use of adjectives!

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