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Thinking Outside the Box Cognitive Biases Testing
- 1. @lisacrispin Thinking Outside the Box Cognitive bias and testing Lisa Crispin With material from Stephanie Desby and Rachel Joi MoTrix 2020 @lisacrispin
- 3. @lisacrispin Learning intentions ● Learn about your unconscious biases. ● How do they get in your way? ● How might you work around them?
- 4. @lisacrispin Thinking outside the box? What does it mean for you? Do you think it is an important skill? Do you think that is something we can learn and improve?
- 5. @lisacrispin Examples? Can you think of examples of inventions, discoveries that you think were made because of thinking outside the box?
- 6. @lisacrispin Thinking outside the box changes the world! Many great discoveries were made by people who challenged the way that the masses thought: Discovery of America : “Let’s go the other way!” iPhone : “I don’t think keyboards are essentials” And you probably do it already!
- 7. @lisacrispin So... Thinking outside the box: - can make big changes - leads to new solutions to an existing problem - can make us discover new opportunities, lands and bugs! That’s exciting but…
- 8. @lisacrispin Why don’t we do it all the time?
- 9. @lisacrispin Lateral thinking vs Vertical thinking Thinking outside the box is also known as Lateral Thinking What does it mean? And Vertical Thinking?
- 10. @lisacrispin Thinking, Fast and Slow Our brain works with 2 different systems: Automatic mode Complex mode
- 11. @lisacrispin Let’s do an exercise! Brace yourselves! You only have 1 second to answer these questions
- 12. @lisacrispin What is the capital of Scotland?
- 15. @lisacrispin 17 x 24 = ?
- 16. @lisacrispin I prefer Automatic Mode
- 17. @lisacrispin Cognitive Biases What are they? There are many! Let’s discover some of them!
- 18. @lisacrispin
- 19. @lisacrispin Which line matches the first line? A, B or C?
- 20. @lisacrispin Asch’s Conformity Experiments People followed the majority judgment, even when the majority was wrong. On average, people conformed 1/3 of the time.
- 22. @lisacrispin Conformity bias Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to match those of other people or a group standard. A fun video illustrating this: https://tinyurl.com/MoTConformity
- 23. @lisacrispin
- 24. @lisacrispin 2 4 6 What rule produces this series ?
- 26. @lisacrispin Confirmation bias The tendency to search for evidence that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses, and to give less weight to, or fail to search for, the evidence that contradicts them. https://www.outils-pour-reflechir.fr/biais-de-confirmation/
- 29. @lisacrispin
- 30. @lisacrispin You see a t-shirt you like – it costs $1,200
- 31. @lisacrispin Then you find it on EBay for only $100! Cheap, right? Hmmm…
- 33. @lisacrispin Anchoring bias We tend to rely too heavily on the first piece of information seen Setting a high price for one item makes all others seem cheaper, though only when the price shown is actually plausible (and not some silly amount!)
- 34. @lisacrispin
- 35. @lisacrispin List all the words you can think of that start with the letter ‘K’
- 36. @lisacrispin List all the words you can think of that have “k” as the third letter
- 37. @lisacrispin What was easier to recall? There are twice as many words with ‘k’ as the 3rd letter! -- Kahneman & Tversky’s experiment
- 38. @lisacrispin Availability bias or heuristic
- 39. @lisacrispin Availability bias or heuristic Availability bias means we’re happy with what we know and we don’t seek new information. Automatic brain thinking: we go to the fastest, simplest answer without considering context or new possibilities. “If I can remember it easily, it must be important”
- 40. @lisacrispin Examples Doctors that have diagnosed two cases of a serious illness are likely to see it in the next patient with similar symptoms, even if that person has a much milder illness. Lottery companies remind us of recent winners.
- 41. @lisacrispin How do we get outside the box?
- 42. @lisacrispin Work on your awareness! Collaborate with a diverse group!
- 43. @lisacrispin My personal theory (no data to support this!) We each have cognitive biases Hopefully, people with different experience, background etc. have different ones? Together, we can see a clearer picture
- 44. @lisacrispin Try this with your team How would you test a soda machine? Write down your ideas individually.
- 45. @lisacrispin Now have them do it together How would you test a soda machine? Take your individual ideas, share them, and brainstorm together.
- 46. @lisacrispin Ask them: did you get new ideas together? Did everyone have the same idea of what’s meant by “a soda machine”?
- 47. @lisacrispin Thinking outside of the box Our brain is working to make fast connections to build habits. We may be able to build NEW habits, with practice. We can take steps to counteract our biases
- 48. @lisacrispin Ways to practice overcoming biases - Use concrete examples - Strong-style pairing, mobbing - Visual Thinking Strategy - Enigmas, riddles - Escape games
- 49. @lisacrispin What we have learned? - Our brain prefers the automatic way of thinking - This is not a safe way to think because it can be biased - We can practice to: - have the reflex to think in other ways more often - be more aware of our biases - We overcome our cognitive biases together
- 50. @lisacrispin Resources ● Watch João Proença’s TestBash Home 2020 talk! https://www.ministryoftesting.com/events/testbash-home-2020 ● Thinking Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman ● Gem Hill’s “Let’s talk about tests, Baby” podcast, Ep 73: There is no spoon!, https://letstalkabouttests.xyz/index.php/2017/02/23/ep-73- there-is-no-spoon/ 12 Cognitive Biases Explained, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEwGBIr_RIw ● Visual Thinking Strategies - Alex West https://nerdnoir.com/vts/