1. What are the external forces that involve in the conflict?

2. What are the external forces that involve in the conflict? CHINA & RUSSIA QATAR UN & AFRICA UNION ACTS

3. China & Russia Close relationship with Sudan Supplying Weapon “ The report provides photographs of what it says were a Russian Mi-24 attack helicopter at Nyala in Darfur and Chinese Fanfan fighters at Nyala earlier this year.” “It cites 2005 trade figures as showing China sold $24m and Russia $21m of military material to Sudan.”

4. China A permanent member of the Security Council Help to Sudan “ With its oil ties to the Sudanese regime and its resistance to U.N. Security Council resolutions condemning Khartoum, China is a convenient whipping boy, and a cast of celebrities has signed on eagerly to lead the whipping.” Morton Abramowitz is a senior fellow at The Century Foundation and a former president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Jonathan Kolieb is a research associate at The Century Foundation.

5. China Oil “ China’s multibillion dollar investments in Sudan’s petroleum industry are a much-needed source of energy for its mushrooming economy. Beijing may make tactical moves to pressure Sudan, but it will not choose human rights over oil, a matter of paramount national interest.”

6. Russia Recently news on it starts to help Darfur refugees. “ a European Union official in Paris said Russia plans to provide four MI-8 MT utility helicopters, equipment and up to 120 personnel for the mission.” 29 April 2008, 22:18 CET

7. Qatar Qatar is an Arab emirate in Southwest Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeasterly coast of the larger Arabian Peninsula Opposes UN peacekeeping force it has fulfilled a pledge to support the AU force rather than a UN transition

8. UN & AFRICA UNION Africa Union host signing of agreement, talks between conflict countries and peacekeeping (African Union Mission in Darfur). Form UNAMID with UN (31 July 2007)

9. Reference http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2004/0805africa_cohen.aspx http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3847 http://www.savedarfur.org/blog/entries/the_eu_russia_and_darfur_not_even_talking_the_talk/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6632959.stm http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/29/europe/EU-Darfur.php http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Beijing_Ready_To_Help_With_Darfur_Russia_Deploys_Helicopter_Forces_999.html http://www.africaaction.org/resources/page.php?op=read&documentid=2183&type=6&issues=1024 http://www.africa-union.org/DARFUR/homedar.htm