2. Vocabulary Term Review
Cottage Industry – a method of producing
goods using skilled labor from workers at
their homes.
Assembly Line – a method of dividing the
work of producing goods into individual tasks
that can be done by unskilled workers using
machines/tools.
Industrialization – the process of using
machines and factories to produce goods.
3. Growth of Cities
Before the Industrial
Revolution most people
lived in the country.
People began moving to
cities for the new jobs
available in factories.
The movement of people
to cities is known as
urbanization.
4. Living Conditions
The cities were not
prepared for all the
people that moved to
them.
There were not
enough houses, police
officers, or sewage
systems to
accommodate all the
people.
5. Working Conditions
Factory owners
wanted to make lots
of money, so they
had people work
14+ hours a day, 6
days a week.
Workers had to keep
up with the
dangerous machines
in unsafe conditions.
6. Class Tensions
As more poor people
moved into cities, rich
people moved out.
There became a greater
divide between the rich
and the poor.
A new middle class
began to emerge.
The middle class was
made up of skilled
workers and
professionals who had a
higher standard of
living.
7. Traditional Upper Class:
Wealthy Landowners
New Upper Class: Factory
owners, entrepreneurs
Upper Middle Class:
Doctors, Lawyers, Governmen
t employees
Middle Class:
Professionals, businesspeople,
farmers
Lower Middle Class: Factory
overseers, toolmakers,
mechanics and other skilled
workers
Lower Class: Factory
workers who lived in the
cities, poor tenant farmers
8. Effects of Industrialization –
Size of Cities
Size of cities
increased.
Factories and new
cities developed
near a natural
resource.
New industrial cities
emerged that
specialized in a
certain type of
industry.
9. Effects of Industrialization –
Living Conditions
No sanitary codes
or building
control.
Lack of resources
for the people.
Frequent sickness
spread.
10. Effects of Industrialization –
Working Conditions
Industrialization created
many new unskilled
labor jobs.
Workers had long hours,
dangerous conditions,
and little pay.
Many skilled workers in
the cottage industry lost
their jobs.
11. Effects of Industrialization –
Social Classes
Higher standard
of living for the
newly emerging
middle class.
Greater poverty
in the cities.
