2. ETHICS
a branch of philosophy that
deals with:
Morals: Distinction
between right and wrong
Values: Ultimate worth of
actions or things
3. ENVIRONMENTAL
ETHICS
considers extending the traditional boundaries of ethics
from solely including humans to including the non-human
world
deals with the moral relationships between
humans and the surrounding world
exerts influence on a large range of disciplines including
law, sociology, theology, economics, ecology and
geography
4. ETHICAL DECISIONS
CONCERNING THE
ENVIRONMENT
Should we continue to clear cut forests for the sake of
human consumption?
Should we continue to propagate?
Should we continue to make gasoline powered vehicles?
What environmental obligations do we need to keep for
future generations?
Is it right for humans to knowingly cause the extinction of
a species for the convenience of humanity?
6. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
UNIVERSALISTS
fundamental principles of ethics are universal,
unchanging, and eternal
RELATIVISTS
Claim moral principles are always relative to a
particular person, society, or situation
NIHILISTS
Claim morality is arbitrary thus there is no
reason to behave morally or to be “good”
UTILITARIANS
Believe an action is right that produces the
greatest good for the greatest number of
people
7. RIGHTS AND
OBLIGATIONS
Moral Agents - Beings capable of acting morally or
immorally, and who can accept responsibility for their acts.
Humans
Moral Subjects - Beings who are not moral agents, but who
have moral interests and can be treated rightly or wrongly.
Children, people who are mentally retarded or ill
Moral Extensionism - Widening definition of who is
considered ethically significant.
Animal Rights
8. ON ANIMAL RIGHTS
Intrinsic (Inherent - Innate) -
Worth or value simply because
of existence.
Humans
Instrumental (Conferred) -
Worth or value only because
they are valued by someone
who matters.
Tools (e.g. human vs. car)
10. ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS
a complex and interlocking body of
statutes, common law, treaties,
conventions, regulations and
policies
operate to regulate the interaction
of humanity and the rest of the PRINCIPLES:
biophysical or natural environment 1. Environmentalism
2. Ecology, conservation,
purpose of reducing or minimizing stewardship, responsibility and
the impacts of human activity, both sustainability
on the natural environment for its
own sake, and on humanity itself
11. AREAS OF CONCERN
air quality and water quality
global climate change
agriculture
biodiversity and species protection
pesticides and hazardous chemicals,waste
management and remediation of contaminated
land
management of public lands and natural resources
13. Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal (1992)
aims to protect human health
and the environment against
the adverse effects of
hazardous wastes:
generation and
management
transboundary movements
disposal
14. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL
TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES
(CITES)
aim to ensure that international trade in
specimens of wild animals and plants does
not threaten their survival
widespread information dissemination about
the endangered status of many prominent
species, such as the tiger and elephants
15. KYOTO PROTOCOL
broke new ground by defining three
innovative “flexibility mechanisms” to lower
the overall costs of achieving its emissions
targets
mechanisms enable Parties to access cost-
effective opportunities to reduce emissions
or to remove carbon from the atmosphere in
other countries
Emissions trading (carbon market)
Clean development mechanism
Joint implementation
16. United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
consider what can be done to reduce key points (objectives)
global warming and to cope with
whatever temperature increases are to keep the maximum
inevitable temperature rise to below 2
degrees Celsius
COP15 and COP5 held last month in
Copenhagen concluded on Saturday, the commitment to list developed
19 December 2009 country emission reduction
targets and mitigation action by
developing countries for 2020
mechanisms to support
technology transfer and forestry.
18. CHAIN SAW ACT (2002) or RA 9175
AN ACT REGULATING THE OWNERSHIP, POSSESSION, SALE, IMPORTATION AND USE OF CHAIN SAWS,
PENALIZING VIOLATIONS THEREOF AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
PERSONS AUTHORIZED TO POSSES OR USE CHAIN SAW:
HAS A SUBSISTING TIMBER LICENSE AGREEMENT, PRODUCTION SHARING AGREEMENT, OR SIMILAR AGREEMENTS,
OR A PRIVATE LAND TIMBER PERMIT;
IS AN ORCHARD AND FRUIT TREE FARMER;
IS AN INDUSTRIAL TREE FARMER;
IS A LICENSED WOOD PROCESSOR AND THE CHAIN SAW SHALL BE USED FOR THE CUTTING OF TIMBER THAT HAS
BEEN LEGALLY SOLD TO SAID APPLICANT
SHALL USE THE CHAIN SAW FOR A LEGAL PURPOSE.
19. ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 or RA 9003
SEGREGATION AND COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE SHALL
BE CONDUCTED AT THE BARANGAY LEVEL SPECIFICALLY
FOR BIODEGRADABLE, COMPOSTABLE AND REUSABLE
WASTES:
PROVIDED, THAT THE COLLECTION OF NON-RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS AND SPECIAL WASTES SHALL BE THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE MUNICIPALITY OR CITY
(SECTION 10)
20. PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999
or RA 8749
THE STATE SHALL PROMOTE AND PROTECT THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
TO ATTAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WHILE RECOGNIZING THE
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS TO DEAL
WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS.
THE STATE RECOGNIZES THAT THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CLEANING THE
HABITAT AND ENVIRONMENT IS PRIMARILY AREA-BASED.
THE STATE ALSO RECOGNIZES THE PRINCIPLE THAT “POLLUTERS MUST
PAY”.
21. ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998 or
RA 8485
ACT TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE THE WELFARE OF ALL ANIMALS IN THE
PHILIPPINES BY SUPERVISING AND REGULATING THE ESTABLISHMENT AND
OPERATIONS OF ALL FACILITIES UTILIZED FOR BREEDING, MAINTAINING,
KEEPING, TREATING OR TRAINING OF ALL ANIMALS EITHER AS OBJECTS OF
TRADE OR AS HOUSEHOLD PETS.
PET ANIMAL SHALL INCLUDE BIRD
ANY FORM OF CRUELTY SHALL BE PENALIZED
22. PHILIPPINE MINING ACT OF 1995
or RA 7942
WITHIN THE TERRITORY AND EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC
ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ARE
OWNED BY THE STATE.
IT SHALL BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE TO
PROMOTE THEIR RATIONAL EXPLORATION,
DEVELOPMENT, UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION
THROUGH THE COMBINED EFFORTS OF
GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN
ORDER TO ENHANCE NATIONAL GROWTH IN A
WAY THAT EFFECTIVELY SAFEGUARDS THE
ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF
AFFECTED COMMUNITIES
29. THE DECISION-
MAKING TOOL
Propose Creative Options Implement Action Plan
or Solutions
Monitor and Evaluate
Assess each Option or Action Plan
Solution in terms of + or –
impact Communicate Results to
the Community
Propose one Solution by
Consensus Consult and Reassess
Develop an Action Plan
and Contact Stakeholders
for Input
30. !"#"$!%&'
()$**+*,'
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+4()"4"*-$-+0*'
".$)1$-+0*'
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ADVOCACY AND CONDUCTING FGDs
Guided by your decision-making tool...
32. SOME EXAMPLES...BUT
NOT LIMITED TO
INFORMATION JOIN PROGRAMS
CAMPAIGN
TREE PLANTING
POSTERS/
SLOGANS/ RTR/ SAVE PASIG
BROCHURES
CONSERVE THE
EDUCATION AND TURTLES
AWARENESS
BRING YOUR BAUNAN
PRIMARY SCHOOLS
LECTURE FORUM ON
TRASH BINS FOR CAS CLIMATE CHANGE
33. TO ARRIVE AT YOUR
CLASS ADVOCACY...
FGD-based on sustainable development
decision wheel
Choose panelists/resource persons and
Moderator
ISSUE to FOCUS: one environmental
problem that can be addressed by a
student advocacy
END GOAL: a class advocacy plan/project!
