1. Unit 5 – Growing Nation Spring 2009

2. America under Andrew Jackson http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/videos/images/playernew/36fde945-1bfa-4b27-b055-fef50c9a415f.jpg

3. Form A 1. Washington 2. Oregon 3. California 4. Nevada 5. Idaho 6. Montana 7. Wyoming 8. Utah 9. Colorado 10. Arizona 11. New mexico 12. North Dak. 13. South Dak. 14. Nebraska 15. Kansas 16. Oklahoma 17. Texas 18. Hawaii 19. Alaska 20. Minnesota 21. Iowa 22. Missouri 23. Arkansas 24. Louisiana 25. Wisconsin Form B 1. Hawaii 2. Alaska 3. Washington 4. Oregon 5.California 6. Nevada 7. Idaho 8.Montana 9. Wyoming 10. Utah 11. Colorado 12. Arizona 13. New Mexico 14. North Dakota 15. South Dakota 16. Nebraska 17. Kansas 18. Oklahoma 19. Texas 20. Minnesota 21.Wisconsin 22. Iowa 23. Missouri 24. Illinois 25. Arkansas Form D 1. Maryland 2. Delaware 3. New Jersey 4. Connecticut 5. Rhode Island 6.Massachussits 7. Vermont 8. New Hampshire 9. Maine 10. New York 11. Pennsylvania 12. West Virginia 13. Virginia 14. North Carol. 15. South Carol. 16. Georgia 17. Florida 18. Ohio 19. Michigan 20. Indiana 21. Kentucky 22. Tennessee 23. Alabama 24. Mississippi 25. Wisconsin Form C 1. Maine 2. New Hampshire 3. Vermont 4. Massachusetts 5. Rhode Island 6. Connecticut 7. New York 8. Pennsylvania 9. New Jersey 10. Delaware 11. Maryland 12. West Virginia 13. Virginia 14. North Carol. 15.South Carol. 16. Georgia 17. Florida 18. Alabama 19. Mississippi 20. Tennessee 21. Kentucky 22. Ohio 23. Indiana 24. Michigan 25. Wisconsin Form E 1. L. Superior 2. L. Michigan 3. L. Huron 4. L. Erie 5. L. Ontario 6. Mass. 7. Rhode Island 8. Connecticut 9. New Jersey 10. Delaware 11. Maryland 12. Maine 13. New Hampshire 14. Vermont 15. New York 16. Pennsylvania 17. West Virginia 18. Virginia 19. North Carol. 20. South Carol. 21. Georgia 22. Florida 23. Ohio 24. Kentucky 25.Tennessee

4. Form A 26. Illinois 27.Kentucky 28. Tennessee 29. Mississippi 30. Alabama 31.Georgia 32. Florida 33. South Carol. 34. North Carol. 35. Virginia 36. West Virg. 37. Indiana 38. Ohio 39. Michigan 40. Pennsyl. 41.Maryland 42.Deleware 43.New Jersey 44. New York 45. Vermont 46. New Hamp. 47. Maine 48. Mass. 49. Connecticut 50.Rhode Isla. Form B 26. Louisiana 27. Michigan 28. Indiana 29. Ohio 30. Kentucky 31. Tennessee 32. Mississippi 33. Alabama 34. Georgia 35. Florida 36. South Carol. 37. North Carol. 38. Virginia 39. West Virginia 40. Pennsylvania 41. New York 42. Maryland 43. Delaware 44. New Jersey 45. Connecticut 46. Rhode Island 47. Mass. 48. Vermont 49. New Hampshire 50. Maine Form C 26. Illinois 27. Minnesota 28. Iowa 29. Missouri 30. Arkansas 31. Louisiana 32. Texas 33. Oklahoma 34. Kansas 35. Nebraska 36. South Dakota 37. North Dakota 38. Montana 39. Wyoming 40. Colorado 41. New Mexico 42.Arizona 43. Nevada 44. Idaho 45.Washington 46. Oregon 47. California 48.Utah 49. Hawaii 50. Alaska Form D 26. Illinois 27. Minnesota 28. Iowa 29. Missouri 30. Arkansas 31. Louisiana 32. North Dakota 33. South Dakota 34. Nebraska 35. Kansas 36. Oklahoma 37. Texas 38. Montana 39. Wyoming 40. Colorado 41. New Mexico 42. Idaho 43. Utah 44. Arizona 45. Washington 46. Oregon 47. Nevada 48. California 49. Hawaii 50. Alaska Form E 26. Alabama 27. Mississippi 28. Michigan 29. Indiana 30. Wisconsin 31. Illinois 32. Minnesota 33. Iowa 34. Missouri 35. Arkansas 36. Louisiana 37. North Dakota 38. South Dakota 39. Nebraska 40. Kansas 41. Oklahoma 42. Texas 43. Montana 44. Wyoming 45. Colorado 46. New Mexico 47. Idaho 48. Utah 49. Arizona 50. Washington

5. Form C 51. L. Superior 52. L. Huron 53. L. Michigan 54. L. Erie 55. L. Ontario Form D 51. L. Ontario 52. L. Erie 53. L. Huron 54. L. Michigan 55. L. Superior Form E 51. Oregon 52. Nevada 53. California 54. Hawaii 55. Alaska Form B 51. L. Huron 52. L. Erie 53. L. Ontario 54. L. Michigan 55. L. Superior Form A 51. L. Superior 52.L. Huron 53.L. Michigan 54.L. Erie 55.L. Ontario

6. Who is Andrew Jackson? War of 1812 Hero Orphan – family “killed by British” Frontiersman Horse racer Indian fighter Land speculator “Old Hickory” – one tough cookie “self-made man” Not from Virginia or Adams

7. Campaign of 1824 - 1828 1824 - Major Sectionalism – people couldn’t pick a winner 1824 – went to HR – Picked John Quincy Adams 1828 – Ruthless campaign – Adams vs. Jackson Jackson Wins

9. Spoils System Informal practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party As opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity. The term was derived from the phrase "'to the victor belong the spoils…” Westerners/Jackson supporters, came to DC expecting pres. to give them jobs

10. Jacksonian Democracy Tried to get ‘regular people’ more involved in democracy Example, all white men can now vote, not just land owners Want for the ‘common man’ to have more of a say in his government – Supported Manifest Destiny Avoid Slavery argument

11. Changes in Elections Does away with caucus system, creates nominating conventions

12. The Tariff Debate – North vs. South 1828 – high tariff placed on European Imported manufactured goods North – loved tariff, made European goods more expensive, people bought North produced products South – Hated the tariff, meant higher prices for them Group of Southern states decided to protest – they felt they should be able to nullify, or “undo,” the law

13. South Protests Some Southerners, including the VP, wanted to secede from the union South’s argument: since the states decided to join the union, they should get to decide if they leave Two senators, Webster and Hayne, got into major debates about this in the Senate. Became known as Webster-Hayne Debate

14. What did Jackson do? He was invited to speak at a dinner with Southerners who wanted to secede. Said, “Our federal union…must be preserved!” He did not support states leaving In response, his VP said, “The union—next to our liberty, most dear,” and resigned from the VP job to be elected into the Senate to debate

15. Nullification Crisis The state of South Carolina passed a law saying they would not pay the high tariff In response, Jackson passed the Force Bill, saying he would use the army to make South Carolinians pay the tariff They compromised and created a lower tariff – no side was truly happy about this

16. AIG – Bonuses US Government AIG Executives AIG

17. Toxic Assets Banks – Bad loans US government Private Sector

18. Native American Relations 5 Native Tribes Involved: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chicasaw and Seminole nations Americans were eager for land to raise cotton, Jackson agreed Some Peaceful negogations: 1814-24, natives traded land in east for land in the west The tribes agreed to the treaties for strategic reasons. They wanted to appease the government in the hopes of retaining some of their land, and they wanted to protect themselves from white harassment. US took control of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky and North Carolina. This was voluntary Indian migration, however, and only a small number of Creeks, Cherokee and Choctaws actually moved

19. Johnson v. M'Intosh, 1823 case in which the Supreme Court held that private citizens could not purchase lands directly from Indians US got land on old European colonization practices – so the only people who could buy the land from natives, was the US “Right of Occupancy” subordinate to the “right of Discovery” >

20. Indian Removal Act - 1830 president got the power to negotiate removal treaties with Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi. Natives who stayed had to become citizens of the US State they lived in Supposed to be voluntary and peaceful, but the southeastern nations resisted, and Jackson forced them to leave.

21. Trail of tears The Cherokee were tricked with a bad treaty. Cherokee given 2 yrs. to migrate voluntarily By 1838 only 2,000 had migrated; 16,000 remained U.S. sent in troops forced the Cherokees into stockades at bayonet point. They were not allowed time to gather their belongings, and as they left, whites looted their homes. Began the march known as the Trail of Tears 4,000 Cherokee people died of cold, hunger, and disease on their way to the western lands.

22. Results: By 1837, the Jackson administration had removed 46,000 Native American people from their land east of the Mississippi, opening 25 million acres of land to white settlement and to slavery.

23. Where would you want to go? What areas would you want to be close to? What would you need to survive?

25. SECEDE Withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity To split from or withdraw Join S A Enroll S A Leave S A Depart S A

26. Jackson Leaves Presidency His VP, Martin Van Buren – 1 term Whigs, William Harrison– 1 term

28. Stephen Austin and Sam Houston

29. How did people get to Texas? Tension Rises Given major pieces of land by Mexican government But, you had to promise to speak Spanish, become Mexican citizen, etc. By 1830, most people in Texas were from the United States US offered to buy TX twice

30. Texas Revolution Hi-lights 1835 - Battle at San Antonio – Texans win, think the war is won 1836 - Alamo – many TX and Mexicans killed – Mexican victory – but Santa Anna Captured Texas Declares Independence 1836 - San Jacinto – TX victory Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo – sets TX/Mexican border along the Rio Grande river

31. Missouri Compromise and Texas – Texas doesn’t become a state until 1844 Free/Slave Arkansas and Michigan both Came in and kept the balance Jackson, Van Buren ignored TX, WHY?

32. BAV: annex to attach, append, or add, especially to something larger or more important

34. The Mexican American War New Mexico was the territory between Texas and CA Native Americans lived there, but Mexico formally owned Mexico tried to keep Americans out but had a hard time enforcing that

35. Santa Fe Trail Went from Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM Trade route – mostly flat, so wagons worked well Used until the RR came in Made lots of Americans come into Mexican territory

36. California’s Spanish Culture Missions established by Spanish CA became a state in Mexico 1833 Mexico abolished missions, missions bought by Mexican wealthy Americans visited CA for years and began settling it Pres. Polk offered to buy 2x, along with NM

37. Conflict James Polk determined to get CA and NM Wanted to fulfill Manifest Destiny Polk believed these territories rightfully belonged to the US Mexico became even more angry when TX became part of US General Taylor was attacked after setting up a fort in NM Lincoln, senator from IL, wanted to know exactly where attack happened…if war happened on Mexican soil, we shouldn’t go to war…. But, we did  

38. James Polk’s Plan for the Mex-Am War Drive Mex. Forces out of Texas border area Seize New Mexico Region and California Conquer Mexico City

39. 1. Drive Mex. Forces out of Texas border area First goal met quickly…by Zachery Taylor and troops At last major battle of stage 1, they lowered the Mexican flag and raised the American flag Monterrey (NM)

40. 2. Seize New Mexico Region and California While Taylor was securing border, General Stephen Kearney leads troops from Ft. Leavenworth to Santa Fe to meet goal #2 Mexican governor fled when he was 1,500 Calvary troops Santa Fe was captured without one shot fired (by Aug. 1846) Troops head across AZ into modern day Arizona and eventually California Eventually, American Navy captures San Francisco and the US flag replaces the “Bear Flag”

42. Meanwhile: California and the Bear Flag Republic 1846, group of Americans decided that CA would be an “independent republic” CA residents didn’t know US was at war with Mexico already when they began revolting against Mexico

43. 3. Conquer Mexico City Assigned to Gen. Winfield Scott Land on coat of Gulf of Mexico (by Veracruz) 300 mile march to Mexico City March included fighting not only army but armed citizen militias After 6 months, reached Mexico City Took Mexico city within a month

44. Cost of War: 1,721 casualties 11,000 died of disease Cost = $100 million

45. Peace Treaty: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave up all claims to Texas Agreed Rio Grande as border between TX and Mex. Included the “Mexican Cession:” Mexico ceded California and New Mexico In return, US paid $15 million After the war: Gadsden Purchase Bought a strip of land along southern edge of present day AZ and NM (final piece of current size besides Hawaii and Alaska)

46. California Gold Rush Once CA was officially a member of the US, Americans moved in massive numbers 1849 was a major year for immigration to CA People who moved that year became known as the 49-ers

47. Religious Reform Mormon Revivals

48. Education Reform School for some College – women and African Americans admitted as early as 1833 Students with Special needs Students with emotional needs

49. All men are children, and of one family. The same tale sends them all to bed, and wakes them in the morning.

50. Transcendentalism Margaret Fuller – supported women’s rights Henry David Thoreau – Civil disobedience – went to jail instead of paying a tax to support the Mexican – American War Ralph Waldo Emerson – listen to your inner voice and conscience to stop prejudice

51. Women’s Movement Seneca Falls Convention- Some women could now own property Some women were now allowed to study Math Potential Jobs: Elementary Teacher One woman, Elizabeth Blackwell, went to medical school Although some good changes, most women were still very limited in their job abilities.