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Presumptive Design or
Cutting the Looking-glass Cake:
Capturing User Requirements
Through Rapid Prototyping
Leo Frishberg
Product Design Manager
Intel Corporation
SAO TechIgnite 2.0
March 2012
“Youdon’tknowhowtomanageLooking-glasscakes,”theUnicornremarked. “Handitroundfirst,andcutitafterwards.”
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Crafting World Class User Experiences
 Imagine you are a carpenter at SeaTac…
– … and you are now responsible for testing counter-terrorism plans
 Imagine you are a telephone sub-station technician…
– …and you are now responsible for managing 500 television channels
 Imagine you are an 85 year old planning a world cruise…
– …and your browser is your booking agent
 Imagine you need to ship 15 truck loads of parts…
– …in the next ten minutes and you don’t have a shipping department
 Imagine you are an electronic engineer debugging a circuit...
– ...and you need to find the one wrong bit out of 8GB of data
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 3March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
The Typical User Experience Design Cycle
 Research to find out what users need
 Analyze the research to determine what you learned
 Build the product from your analysis
 Rinse, Repeat
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 4March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
The Presumptive Design Cycle
 Build your best guess of what users want
 Find out what they think about it
 Analyze what you learned
 Rinse, Repeat
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 5March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
A Constellation of Design Research Tools
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 6March 2012
1 day > 1 Month
Intimate User Engagement
No User Engagement
Activity Analysis
Affinity Diagrams
Competitive Product Survey
Historical Analysis
A Day in the Life
Behavioral Archaeology
Personal Inventory
Fly on the Wall
Guided Tours
Time-lapse Video
Card Sort
Paper Prototyping
Scenarios
Long-range Forecasts
Extreme User Interviews
Contextual Inquiry
In Situ Observation
Shadowing
Business Analysis
Rapid Prototyping
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
A Constellation of Design Research Tools
7March 2012 Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0
1 day > 1 Month
Intimate User Engagement
No User Engagement
Activity Analysis
Affinity Diagrams
Competitive Product Survey
Historical Analysis
A Day in the Life
Behavioral Archaeology
Personal Inventory
Fly on the Wall
Guided Tours
Time-lapse Video
Card Sort
Paper Prototyping
Scenarios
Long-range Forecasts
Extreme User Interviews
Contextual Inquiry
In Situ Observation
Shadowing
Business Analysis
Rapid Prototyping
Presumptive Design
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Top 5 Principles of Presumptive Design
 Design for failure
 Create, discover, analyze
 Make assumptions explicit
 Iterate, iterate, iterate
 The faster you go, the sooner you know
 Have fun!
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 8March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Design for Failure
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 9March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Create, discover, analyze
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 10March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Make assumptions explicit
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 11March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 12March 2012
Iterate, iterate, iterate
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
The faster you go, the sooner you know
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 13March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Top 5 Risks of Presumptive Design
 Believing in our prototype solutions
 Investing too much in the wrong solution
 Designing the wrong prototype
 Failing to cover the solution space
 Losing the user’s attention
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 14March 2012
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Believing in our prototype solutions
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 15March 2012
Used by permission under Creative Commons license by
Katy Stoddard
http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0093009/photos/katy_bird/4663369797/
Investing too much in the wrong solution
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 16March 2012
Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Emily Leahy-
Thieler
http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0093009/photos/empics/2846078511/
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Designing the wrong prototype
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 17March 2012
Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Jason Sweeney
http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0097009/photos/sween/4312163948/
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Failing to cover the solution space
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 18March 2012
Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Deborah Lee
Soltesz
http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0092009/photos/dsoltesz/3299620076/
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
Losing the user’s attention
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 19March 2012
Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Fantail Media
http://www.flickr.com/photos/fantailmedia/282618543/
March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279,
Information Architecture: Theory and Practice
“The best way to predict the future is to invent it”
-- Alan Kaye, Xerox PARC ~1970s
 Buxton, Bill, Sketching User Experiences, Morgan Kaufmann /
Elsevier, San Francisco 2007
 Carroll, Lewis, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice
Found There, The MacMilllan Company, New York, London,
1899, p152
 Frishberg, Leo, Presumptive Design, or Cutting the Looking-
Glass Cake, interactions, Jan/Feb 2006, p18-20
 Koskinen, Ilpo, Design Research Through Practice: From the
Lab, Field, and Showroom, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011
 Snyder, Carolyn, Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to
Design and Refine User Interfaces, Morgan Kaufmann /
Elsevier, 2003
Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 20March 2012

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Presumptive Design or Cutting the Looking Glass Cake

  • 1. Presumptive Design or Cutting the Looking-glass Cake: Capturing User Requirements Through Rapid Prototyping Leo Frishberg Product Design Manager Intel Corporation SAO TechIgnite 2.0 March 2012
  • 3. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Crafting World Class User Experiences  Imagine you are a carpenter at SeaTac… – … and you are now responsible for testing counter-terrorism plans  Imagine you are a telephone sub-station technician… – …and you are now responsible for managing 500 television channels  Imagine you are an 85 year old planning a world cruise… – …and your browser is your booking agent  Imagine you need to ship 15 truck loads of parts… – …in the next ten minutes and you don’t have a shipping department  Imagine you are an electronic engineer debugging a circuit... – ...and you need to find the one wrong bit out of 8GB of data Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 3March 2012
  • 4. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice The Typical User Experience Design Cycle  Research to find out what users need  Analyze the research to determine what you learned  Build the product from your analysis  Rinse, Repeat Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 4March 2012
  • 5. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice The Presumptive Design Cycle  Build your best guess of what users want  Find out what they think about it  Analyze what you learned  Rinse, Repeat Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 5March 2012
  • 6. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice A Constellation of Design Research Tools Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 6March 2012 1 day > 1 Month Intimate User Engagement No User Engagement Activity Analysis Affinity Diagrams Competitive Product Survey Historical Analysis A Day in the Life Behavioral Archaeology Personal Inventory Fly on the Wall Guided Tours Time-lapse Video Card Sort Paper Prototyping Scenarios Long-range Forecasts Extreme User Interviews Contextual Inquiry In Situ Observation Shadowing Business Analysis Rapid Prototyping
  • 7. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice A Constellation of Design Research Tools 7March 2012 Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 1 day > 1 Month Intimate User Engagement No User Engagement Activity Analysis Affinity Diagrams Competitive Product Survey Historical Analysis A Day in the Life Behavioral Archaeology Personal Inventory Fly on the Wall Guided Tours Time-lapse Video Card Sort Paper Prototyping Scenarios Long-range Forecasts Extreme User Interviews Contextual Inquiry In Situ Observation Shadowing Business Analysis Rapid Prototyping Presumptive Design
  • 8. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Top 5 Principles of Presumptive Design  Design for failure  Create, discover, analyze  Make assumptions explicit  Iterate, iterate, iterate  The faster you go, the sooner you know  Have fun! Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 8March 2012
  • 9. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Design for Failure Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 9March 2012
  • 10. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Create, discover, analyze Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 10March 2012
  • 11. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Make assumptions explicit Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 11March 2012
  • 12. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 12March 2012 Iterate, iterate, iterate
  • 13. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice The faster you go, the sooner you know Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 13March 2012
  • 14. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Top 5 Risks of Presumptive Design  Believing in our prototype solutions  Investing too much in the wrong solution  Designing the wrong prototype  Failing to cover the solution space  Losing the user’s attention Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 14March 2012
  • 15. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Believing in our prototype solutions Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 15March 2012 Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Katy Stoddard http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0093009/photos/katy_bird/4663369797/
  • 16. Investing too much in the wrong solution Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 16March 2012 Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Emily Leahy- Thieler http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0093009/photos/empics/2846078511/
  • 17. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Designing the wrong prototype Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 17March 2012 Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Jason Sweeney http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0097009/photos/sween/4312163948/
  • 18. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Failing to cover the solution space Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 18March 2012 Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Deborah Lee Soltesz http://www.flickr.com/x/t/0092009/photos/dsoltesz/3299620076/
  • 19. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice Losing the user’s attention Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 19March 2012 Used by permission under Creative Commons license by Fantail Media http://www.flickr.com/photos/fantailmedia/282618543/
  • 20. March 2007 UCLA Information Studies 279, Information Architecture: Theory and Practice “The best way to predict the future is to invent it” -- Alan Kaye, Xerox PARC ~1970s  Buxton, Bill, Sketching User Experiences, Morgan Kaufmann / Elsevier, San Francisco 2007  Carroll, Lewis, Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, The MacMilllan Company, New York, London, 1899, p152  Frishberg, Leo, Presumptive Design, or Cutting the Looking- Glass Cake, interactions, Jan/Feb 2006, p18-20  Koskinen, Ilpo, Design Research Through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom, Morgan Kaufmann, 2011  Snyder, Carolyn, Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces, Morgan Kaufmann / Elsevier, 2003 Frishberg SAO TechIgnite 2.0 20March 2012