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VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS
WWHHAATT IISS VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS?? •VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS AA MMOOUUNNTTAAIINN TTHHAATT OOPPEENNSS DDOOWWNNWWAARRDD TTOO AA PPOOOOLL OOFF MMOOLLTTEENN RROOCCKK BBEELLOOWW TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE OOFF TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH ..
HHOOWW AARREE VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS FFOORRMMEEDD • VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS AARREE FFOORRMMEEDD WWHHEENN MMAAGGMMAA FFRROOMM WWIITTHHIINN TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH’’SS UUPPPPEERR MMAANNTTLLEE WWOORRKKSS IITT’’SS WWAAYY TTOO TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE.. • AATT TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE,, IITT EERRUUPPTTSS TTOO FFOORRMM LLAAVVAA FFLLOOWWSS OOFF AASSHH DDEEPPOOSSIITT .. • OOVVEERR TTIIMMEE AASS TTHHEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO CCOONNTTIINNOOUUSS TTOO EERRUUPPTT,, IITT WWIILLLL GGEETT BBIIGGGGEERR AANNDD BBIIGGGGEERR
VVOOLLCCAANNIICC EERRUUPPTTIIOONN
WWHHAATT IISS VVOOLLCCAANNIICC EERRUUPPTTIIOONN?? • WWHHEENN PPRREESSSSUURREE BBUUIILLDDSS UUPP,,EERRUUPPTTIIOONNSS OOCCCCUURR,, GGAASSEESS AANNDD RROOCCKKSS SSHHOOOOTT UUPP TTHHRROOUUGGHH TTHHEE OOPPEENNIINNGG AANNDD FFIILLLL TTHHEE AAIIRR WWIITTHH LLAAVVAA FFRRAAGGMMEENNTTSS.. • EERRUUPPTTIIOONN CCAANN CCAAUUSSEE LLAATTEERRAALL BBLLAASSTTSS,,LLAAVVAAFFLLOOWWSS HHOOTT AASSHH FFLLOOWWSS,,MMUUDD SSLLIIDDEESS,,AANNDD FFLLOOOODDSS.. • AANN EERRUUPPTTIINNGG VVOOLLCCAANNOO CCAANN TTRRIIGGGGEERR TTSSUUNNAAMMIISS,,FFLLAASSHHFFLLOOOODDSS,,EEAARRTTHH QQUUAAKKEESS,,MMUUDD FFLLOOWWSS AANNDD RROOCCKK FFAALLLLSS
TTYYPPEESS OOFF VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •DDOORRMMAANNTT VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS
AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO • AANN AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS EERRUUPPTTSS RREEGGUULLAARRLLYY
EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO • AANN EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS AA VVOOLLCCAANNOO TTHHAATT IISS NNOO LLOONNGGEERR AACCTTIIVVEE
DDOORRMMAANNTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO • TTHHOOSSEE TTHHAATT HHAAVVEE EERRUUTTEEDD EEAARRLLIIEERR AANNDD NNOOTT AACCTTIIVVEE IINN TTHHEE RREECCEENNTT PPAASSTT
DIFFERENCE BBEETTWWEEEENN LLAAVVAA AANNDD MMAAGGMMAA • TTHHEE MMOOLLTTEENN RROOCCKK MMAATTEERRIIAALL FFOOUUNNDD WWIITTHH IINN TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH IISS CCAALLLLEEDD MMAAGGMMAA.. • TTHHEE RREEMMAAIINNIINNGG MMOOLLTTEENN MMAATTEERRIIAALL IISS CCAALLLLEEDD LLAAVVAA..
TTHHAANNKKSS NNeeeetthhuu LLeekksshhmmii GG RR SSoocciiaall SScciieennccee,, RReegg NNoo..1133330033001177

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  • 2. WWHHAATT IISS VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS?? •VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS AA MMOOUUNNTTAAIINN TTHHAATT OOPPEENNSS DDOOWWNNWWAARRDD TTOO AA PPOOOOLL OOFF MMOOLLTTEENN RROOCCKK BBEELLOOWW TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE OOFF TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH ..
  • 3. HHOOWW AARREE VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS FFOORRMMEEDD • VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS AARREE FFOORRMMEEDD WWHHEENN MMAAGGMMAA FFRROOMM WWIITTHHIINN TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH’’SS UUPPPPEERR MMAANNTTLLEE WWOORRKKSS IITT’’SS WWAAYY TTOO TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE.. • AATT TTHHEE SSUURRFFAACCEE,, IITT EERRUUPPTTSS TTOO FFOORRMM LLAAVVAA FFLLOOWWSS OOFF AASSHH DDEEPPOOSSIITT .. • OOVVEERR TTIIMMEE AASS TTHHEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO CCOONNTTIINNOOUUSS TTOO EERRUUPPTT,, IITT WWIILLLL GGEETT BBIIGGGGEERR AANNDD BBIIGGGGEERR
  • 5. WWHHAATT IISS VVOOLLCCAANNIICC EERRUUPPTTIIOONN?? • WWHHEENN PPRREESSSSUURREE BBUUIILLDDSS UUPP,,EERRUUPPTTIIOONNSS OOCCCCUURR,, GGAASSEESS AANNDD RROOCCKKSS SSHHOOOOTT UUPP TTHHRROOUUGGHH TTHHEE OOPPEENNIINNGG AANNDD FFIILLLL TTHHEE AAIIRR WWIITTHH LLAAVVAA FFRRAAGGMMEENNTTSS.. • EERRUUPPTTIIOONN CCAANN CCAAUUSSEE LLAATTEERRAALL BBLLAASSTTSS,,LLAAVVAAFFLLOOWWSS HHOOTT AASSHH FFLLOOWWSS,,MMUUDD SSLLIIDDEESS,,AANNDD FFLLOOOODDSS.. • AANN EERRUUPPTTIINNGG VVOOLLCCAANNOO CCAANN TTRRIIGGGGEERR TTSSUUNNAAMMIISS,,FFLLAASSHHFFLLOOOODDSS,,EEAARRTTHH QQUUAAKKEESS,,MMUUDD FFLLOOWWSS AANNDD RROOCCKK FFAALLLLSS
  • 6. TTYYPPEESS OOFF VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS •DDOORRMMAANNTT VVOOLLCCAANNOOEESS
  • 7. AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO • AANN AACCTTIIVVEE VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS EERRUUPPTTSS RREEGGUULLAARRLLYY
  • 8. EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO • AANN EEXXTTIINNCCTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO IISS AA VVOOLLCCAANNOO TTHHAATT IISS NNOO LLOONNGGEERR AACCTTIIVVEE
  • 9. DDOORRMMAANNTT VVOOLLCCAANNOO • TTHHOOSSEE TTHHAATT HHAAVVEE EERRUUTTEEDD EEAARRLLIIEERR AANNDD NNOOTT AACCTTIIVVEE IINN TTHHEE RREECCEENNTT PPAASSTT
  • 10. DIFFERENCE BBEETTWWEEEENN LLAAVVAA AANNDD MMAAGGMMAA • TTHHEE MMOOLLTTEENN RROOCCKK MMAATTEERRIIAALL FFOOUUNNDD WWIITTHH IINN TTHHEE EEAARRTTHH IISS CCAALLLLEEDD MMAAGGMMAA.. • TTHHEE RREEMMAAIINNIINNGG MMOOLLTTEENN MMAATTEERRIIAALL IISS CCAALLLLEEDD LLAAVVAA..
  • 11. TTHHAANNKKSS NNeeeetthhuu LLeekksshhmmii GG RR SSoocciiaall SScciieennccee,, RReegg NNoo..1133330033001177