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El LibroGramatica By, Helena King
Table of Contents Conditional and Irregulars Perfect Tenses *present *past  *present perfect        irregulars      *subjunctive perfect Tanto y Tan Impersonal Se Saber vs. Conocer ,[object Object],       *Negative        *Irregular        *DOP+IOP placement ,[object Object]
Subjunctive  + irregulars  *Trigger phrases  *Impersonal Expressions   *Expressions of Emotions        *Conjunctions of time ,[object Object],[object Object]
Present Perfect *formed with present tense of haber and the past participle *Yo he comido *He vivido
Past Perfect *Juan había abierto las puertas *Yohabíacomido *used to say you had done something
Present Perfect Irregulars *verbs irregularin the past participle
Perfect Subjunctive Subjunctive+Haber+Past Participle *Hayaestudiado *Hayashablado *Hayansalido
Tanto y Tan *used to show things are the same tan + adjective (adverb) + como El chica es tan alta como la chico. tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + como Choose the form of tanto to agree with the noun it modifies. Tiene tantos libros como ella.
Se hablaEspañolaqui. 		-Spanish is spoken here. No se permite la comida en el teatro. 		-No foodisallowed in thetheater. Se prohibe fumar. 		-Smoking isprohibited Se Impersonal
Saber vs. Conocer Saber Conocer ,[object Object]
Know information
Know a person,   place, or thingYoséjugar al fútbol. Nosotrosconocemos la ciudad.
Informal Commands Negatives Affirmatives Irregular  Regular  Regular Irregular  Put in yo form, change to opposite vowel and add an ‘s’ Di, haz, ve,pon, sal, se, ten, ven Conjugate in tu form and drop the ‘s’ Tengas, vengas, digas/des, vayas, seas, hagas, estes, se Or put in the tu, stem change, and drop ‘s’ Or put in yo form, change to oppostie vowel and add an ‘s’ Add pronoun if necessary Place pronoun before the verb
Formal Commands Usted Ustedes Irregulars Ar e Er/Ir  a Yo form of verb, drop the O and add the opposite endingof the third plural form Ar en Er/Ir  an CAR, GAR, ZAR verbs require spelling changes Yo form of verb, drop the O and add the opposite endings GO to GA (Present tense irregular Yo form verbs  *Add no in front to form a negative command *DOP attaches to end of affirmative *DOP placed in front of verb in negative
Nosotros Commands
Subjunctive Hablar-->Yo hable Jugar-->Tu juegues  Ser-->Yo sea Escribir-->Tu escribas
Subjunctive Trigger Words
Impersonal Expressions
Expressions of Emotions With Subjunctive *The infinitive of the verb is used     if there is no change in subject          -Temollegartarde *If there is a change in subject then    the subjunctive is used          -Temoquemisetsudianteslleguentarde. Other Examples: *Me alegro de que tú sonrías *Siento mucho que no    puedan venir a la fiesta

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2nd semester grammar book

  • 1. El LibroGramatica By, Helena King
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Present Perfect *formed with present tense of haber and the past participle *Yo he comido *He vivido
  • 5. Past Perfect *Juan había abierto las puertas *Yohabíacomido *used to say you had done something
  • 6. Present Perfect Irregulars *verbs irregularin the past participle
  • 7. Perfect Subjunctive Subjunctive+Haber+Past Participle *Hayaestudiado *Hayashablado *Hayansalido
  • 8. Tanto y Tan *used to show things are the same tan + adjective (adverb) + como El chica es tan alta como la chico. tanto(-a,-os,-as) + noun + como Choose the form of tanto to agree with the noun it modifies. Tiene tantos libros como ella.
  • 9. Se hablaEspañolaqui. -Spanish is spoken here. No se permite la comida en el teatro. -No foodisallowed in thetheater. Se prohibe fumar. -Smoking isprohibited Se Impersonal
  • 10.
  • 12. Know a person, place, or thingYoséjugar al fútbol. Nosotrosconocemos la ciudad.
  • 13. Informal Commands Negatives Affirmatives Irregular Regular Regular Irregular Put in yo form, change to opposite vowel and add an ‘s’ Di, haz, ve,pon, sal, se, ten, ven Conjugate in tu form and drop the ‘s’ Tengas, vengas, digas/des, vayas, seas, hagas, estes, se Or put in the tu, stem change, and drop ‘s’ Or put in yo form, change to oppostie vowel and add an ‘s’ Add pronoun if necessary Place pronoun before the verb
  • 14. Formal Commands Usted Ustedes Irregulars Ar e Er/Ir  a Yo form of verb, drop the O and add the opposite endingof the third plural form Ar en Er/Ir  an CAR, GAR, ZAR verbs require spelling changes Yo form of verb, drop the O and add the opposite endings GO to GA (Present tense irregular Yo form verbs *Add no in front to form a negative command *DOP attaches to end of affirmative *DOP placed in front of verb in negative
  • 16. Subjunctive Hablar-->Yo hable Jugar-->Tu juegues Ser-->Yo sea Escribir-->Tu escribas
  • 19. Expressions of Emotions With Subjunctive *The infinitive of the verb is used if there is no change in subject -Temollegartarde *If there is a change in subject then the subjunctive is used -Temoquemisetsudianteslleguentarde. Other Examples: *Me alegro de que tú sonrías *Siento mucho que no puedan venir a la fiesta