Chapter 1: The Renaissance and Reformation

1. ART HISTORY
Turn to pg. 36 and, in
your notes, record
what you observe in
the painting

2. ART HISTORY
What can you infer
about the setting of
the painting?
What details in the
painting give you an
idea of the role of
religion in the
society?

3. CHAPTER 1:
EUROPEAN
RENAISSANCE
AND
REFORMATIO
N

4. Section 1
ITALY: BIRTHPLACE OF THE
RENAISSANCE

5. Main Idea
• The Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that
produced many great works of art and literature
Why It Matters Now
• Renaissance art and literature still influence modern though
and modern art
Terms & Names to Know
• Renaissance
• Humanism
• Secular
• Patron
• Perspective
• Vernacular

6. BACKGROUND INFO.
The Late Middle Ages…
= war, plague, and DEATH
 Question the institutions
that caused the war
(ahem…the church) and
want to celebrate life

8. ITALY’S ADVANTAGE
Renaissance
 1300-1600
 Explosion of creativity
in art, writing, and
thought
 “rebirth”
 Meant to bring back the
past, but led to the
creation of new art and
ideas
 Spreads from Northern
Italy into the rest of
Europe

9. 1. City-states
WHY ITALY?, #1
 Urban
 Able to share ideas
 Plague hits in 1300
 60% of population
dies
 Supply & Demand:
those left can demand
higher wages
 Economic change,
wealthy merchant
middle class develops
and has time and money
to spend on art

10. Merchant Class
WHY ITALY?, #2
Merchant class in small
cities were able to
participate in politics
 Earned rank by “wits”
 Belief in individual
achievement
 The Medicis
 Florence’s ruling family,
bankers
 Cosimo de Medici (30
years)
 Lorenzo de Medici

11. WHY ITALY?, #3
Classical Heritage
 Snobs about medieval art
 Inspiration from Roman
ruins
 Studied Latin manuscripts
Greek manuscripts enter
Rome in 1493
Compare this
example of Medieval
Art to the painting on
pg. 36

12. COMPREHENSION CHECK
What three
advantages
fostered the
Renaissance in
Italy?
Thriving
cities
A wealthy
merchant
class The heritage
of Greece
and Rome

13. Term Meaning Examples
Renaissance
Humanism
Secular
Patron
FOCUS ON VOCABULARY

14. FOCUS ON VOCABULARY
Term Meaning Examples
Renaissance rebirth New interest in classical Greece
and Rome
Humanism Focus on people and their
achievements
Art and literature were valued and
encouraged
Secular Concerned with the here and
now
Some church leaders lived in
mansions and wore expensive
clothes
Patron A person who supports the arts The Medici family in Italy

15. CLASSICAL AND WORLDLY VALUES
Classics Lead to
Humanism
Humanism –
intellectual movement
focused on human
achievements
 Studied classical texts,
history, literature,
philosophy

16. WORLDLY PLEASURES
Renaissance society was secular – worldly
Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, clothes
Medieval Church Renaissance Church

17. PATRON OF THE ARTS
Patron – a financial
supporter of artists
Church leaders spend
money on artworks to
beautify cities
Wealthy merchants
also patrons of the
arts
 portraits, public places

18. THE RENAISSANCE MAN
Excels in many field;
the classics, art,
politics, combat
Baldassare
Castiglione’s The
Courtier (1528)
The book teaches
how to become a
“universal” person

19. THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN
Upper-class,
educated in classics,
charming
Expected to inspire
art but not create it
 Isabella d’Este,
patron of artists,
wields power in
Mantua

20. REVOLUTION IN ART
Artistic Styles Change
Use a realistic, classical
style to show religious
subjects
Use perspective (3-D on
a flat surface)

21. REVOLUTION IN ART
Realistic Painting and
Sculpture
Portraits of
prominent citizens
Natural postures and
expressions
Biblical David is a
favorite subject

22. LEONARDO DA VINCI
RENAISSANCE MAN
Leonardo da Vinci
 Painter, sculptor,
inventor, scientist
 Paintings:
 The Mona Lisa
 The Last Supper

23. RAPHAEL SANZIO
Raphael Sanzio
 Famous for his use
of perspective
 Favorite Subject
 The Madonna and
child
 Famous Painting
 School of Athens
REALISM

24. RENAISSANCE LADIES REPRESENT
Sofonisba Anguissola
 First woman artist to
gain world renown
Artemisia Gentileschi
 Paints strong, heroic
women

25. CHAPTER 1
Sec t ion 1
Complete your
Ent rance
Sl ip/Bel l Ringer

26. RENAISSANCE WRITERS CHANGE
LITERATURE
New Trends in Writing
Write in vernacular –
the native language
Purpose:
1. Self-expression
2. To Portray
Individuality of the
subject
Dante Alighieri

27. Petrarch
RENAISSANCE WRITERS
 “Father of Renaissance
Humanism”
 Poet
Boccaccio
 The Decameron

28. MACHIAVELLI’S
THE PRINCE
 Niccolo Machiavelli
 The Prince
 Political guidebook
 How rulers can gain and
keep power
 Assumed that people are
selfish, fickle, and corrupt
 Feared vs. Loved
“It is better to be feared than
loved” - Machiavelli

29. VITTORIA COLONNA
Woman writer with
great influence
Poems expressed
personal emotions
(gasp!)
Most were poems
composed to her
husband

30. THE
NORTHERN
RENAISSANCE
Sec t ion 2

31. Main Idea: In the 1400s, the
idea of the Italian
Renaissance began to spread
to Northern Europe
Why it Matters: Renaissance
ideas such as the importance
of the individual are a strong
part of modern thought
Terms and Names: - utopia,
William Shakespeare, Johann
Gutenburg

32. ADD THAT MAP!
Glue the provided
map into your notes
for future usage!!!!
Pay attention and
follow directions
when the teacher
lady asks you to!
!!
!!!

33. THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE BEGINS
 Why does the
Renaissance spread to
Northern Europe?
1. Visitors from N. Europe
are impressed by the
spirit of the Italian
Renaissance
2. Hundred Years’ War
ends in 1453 = growth
of cities
3. Merchants grow
wealthy and sponsor
artists

34. WHY DID THE RENAISSANCE SPREAD?
4. England and
France’s monarchs are
art patrons
 King Francis I of France
hires Italians to
renovate his hunting
lodge/castle
Fontainebleau
Sharif isn’t so sure
about that though…

39. But I hear
the interior
looks
something
like t h is…
Francis I
used his
castle as a
picture
gallery

40. RENAISSANCE IDEAS SPREAD
 Northern traditions
mixed with Renaissance
ideas
Artists are interested in
realism
Humanists develop
ideas for social reform
 Based off of Judeo-
Christian values

41. ARTISTIC IDEAS SPREAD
Renaissance Styles
Migrate North
 Artists and writers move
to northern Europe to
escape war in Italy (1494)
German Painters
 Albrecht Durer ’s
woodcuts and
engravings emphasize
realism
Hans Holbein the
Younger Paints
portraits

42. FLEMISH PAINTERS
Flanders is the
artistic center of
Northern Europe
 Jan van Eyck
 Pioneer in oil-based
painting
 Realistic and reveal
subject’s personality

43. FLEMISH PAINTERS
Pieter Bruegel
 Captures scenes of
peasant life with
realistic details

44. NORTHERN HUMANISTS
Criticize the Catholic
Church
 Start Christian
humanism
Want to reform
society and promote
education
 Particularly for women

45. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 25TH
Daily Agenda
1. Pantheon pictures
2. “Engineering an
Empire” video
3. Chapter 1 Notes Homework – Due
Tomorrow
1. Read 1.4
2. Finish 1.4 reading
packet

53. THE ELIZABETHAN AGE
When the
Renaissance spread
to England (mid-
1500s) and Queen
Elizabeth I reigned
 1558-1603
Well-educated
Wrote poetry & music
 Supported art and
literature

54. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
Most famous writer
of Elizabethan Age
 Playwright and poet,
performances at the
Globe Theater in
London
Renaissance:
 Revered the classics
 Understanding of human
beings

56. THE PRINTING PRESS
Gutenburg's Printing Press
 1440, Gutenburg creates the printing press
 First book to be mass produced = the Bible
 Inexpensive enough for many to be able to purchase a book

57. SECTION 3
Luther Leads
the
Reformation

58. Causes of Reformation
Social
• Humanism &
secularism led
people to
question the
Church
• The printing press
helps ideas spread
Political
• Monarchs
challenge the
Church
• Pope as a
foreign ruler
Economic
• European
monarch jealous
of Church’s
wealth
• Merchants
resent tithes
(church taxes)
Religious
• Some leaders
corrupt
• Indulgences
are
unacceptable
to some

59. MARTIN LUTHER CHALLENGES THE
CHURCH
 1483 – 1546
 Entered the monastery,
but always felt sinful
 Belief = faith alone is the
key to salvation
 Opposed indulgences
 95 Theses –
 Complaints against the
Church
 Posted them to a church
door for debate
 Printed (thanks Gutenberg)

60. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITY