GLOSSARY

1. GLOSSARY

2. • Tpr: Total physical response (TPR) :is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor
emeritus of psychology at San José State University. James Asher developed the total physical
response method as a result of his observation of the language development of young children
• Acquisition vs learning: language acquisition refers to the process of natural assimilation, involving intuition
and subconscious learning. It is the product of real interactions between people in environments of the
target language and culture, where the learner is an active player.The concept of language learning is
linked to the traditional approach to the study of languages and today is still generally practiced in high
schools worldwide. Attention is focused on the language in its written form and the objective is for the
student to understand the structure and rules of the language, whose parts are dissected and analyzed.
The task requires intellectual effort and deductive reasoning. The form is of greater importance than
communication.
Silent period :The silent period, or preproduction, is a stage in second language acquisition where learners
do not attempt to speak.[1][2][3] Silent periods are more common in children than in adult learners, as
there is often more pressure on adult learners to speak during the early stages of acquisition. This can be
due to communication demands such as a language being necessary at work,[2] or to mainstream
language teaching methods insisting on production from the very start of instruction

3. • Drills:Disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure.
•English as a Foreign Language (EFL) A traditional term for the use or study of the English language by
non-native speakers in countries where English is generally not a local medium of communication.EFL
corresponds roughly to the Expanding Circle described by linguist Braj Kachru in "Standards, Codification
and Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer Circle" (1985).
• Phonics: a method of teaching people to read by training them to associate letters with their
phonetic values
• Mother tongue The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native
language.
• Approach: is a unique model of teaching that establishes effective learning environments for
individuals with developmental disabilities and/or learning impairments.
• Digital literary: The ability to locate, organize, understand, evaluate, and analyze information using
digital technology.
• Multiple intelligents: intelligence is not seen as something unitary groups different specific
capacities at different levels of generality, but as a set of multiple, distinct and semi-independent
intelligences. Gardner defines intelligence as "mental ability to solve problems and / or create
products that are valued in one or more cultures"