1. With 6.6 billion people
(And most living in urban areas)
-What is earth’s carrying capacity?
-- How is that determined?

4. Ecological Footprint Comparison
30.0 27.4
24.0
25.0 21.8
Acre s pe r Person
20.0
15.0 13.0
9.5
10.0
5.0 3.1 2.5
0.0
Marin United Canada France Italy Chile Mexico
County States

5. Data for 2002 Eco-Footprint Biocapacity
[global acres/cap] [global acres/cap]
Brazil 5 25
China 4 2
Germany 11 4.5
Italy 10 3
Japan 11 2
Russia 11 17
South Africa 6 5
US 24 12
WORLD 5.4 4.4

6. Ecological Creditors and Ecological Debtors

7. Earth Overshoot
• We now require the
equivalent of 1.4 planets
to support our lifestyles.
• The result is that our
supply of natural
resources, such as trees
and fish, continues to
shrink, while waste,
primarily carbon dioxide,
accumulates.

8. Global Context for the Coming Decades
UN’s most moderate
scenario

9. Context for the Future of Business:
What % of World GDP
need to be invested to turn the curve?
UN’s most moderate
scenario

10. What is your ecological footprint?
-Diet and food
-Trash
-Housing
-Travel and commute

11. Climate Change: Human Impact on the
Atmosphere
• 270 Billion tons of carbon added since 19th century
• Since 1750, greenhouse gases in atmosphere increased substantially:
CO2 > 31%
N20 > 151%
CH4 > 17%
• Prior to 1750,
CO2 levels
at 280 ppm
• CO2 levels
now 380 ppm;
highest level in
400,000 years

12. Global Temperature Increasing
•Rise in CO2 levels closely follows rise in temperature:
• Global temperatures rose 1°F in past 100 yrs, most in last 30 yrs
• 9 of 10 hottest years on record occurred in the last decade.
•Night time daily
minimum temps
increasing 2x faster
than daytime maximum
temperatures.
•Rate of warming much
greater than in any of
past 9 centuries.

13. Ice Caps & Glaciers Receding
35% loss in
last 8 years

14. Snowmelt Is Declining
Warmer winters have already caused:
•Reduced snow pack
•Earlier snow melt
•Decreased spring runoff by 10%
Major effects on water
supply and Delta system
in California

15. Sea Levels Rising
Global sea levels rose 4-8” over
the past 100 years, a rate 3 times
faster than occurred over the past
3000 years.
Tourists wading across San 10.00
Marcos Plaza in Venice due to 9.80
9.60
rising waters of Adriatic Sea 9.40
MSL (Feet)
9.20
9.00
8.80
Sea levels in CA increased 8.60
8.40
7” since 1850 8.20
8.00
1850 1865 1880 1895 1910 1925 1940 1955 1970 1985 2000
Year

16. Changes in Nature
Habitats are shifting, affecting
wildlife food supplies and migration
patterns
Antarctic Penguin populations
have shrunk 33 % in 25 years.
Bleaching of coral reefs due to rising sea temperatures -
have already lost 60% of tropical corals

17. Economic Impacts
Extreme Weather
Events
Average annual economic
losses per decade have
increased 12x since 1950:
from $4 billion - $49 BB
Swiss Re estimates global
economy could be bankrupt
by 2065 if action is not
taken

19. California GHG Composition
(CO2 Equivalents)
Nitrous HFCs
Oxide 7% 3%
GHG Sources
Methane 6% • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Fossil fuel combustion
• Methane
Fossil fuels
Landfills, agriculture
• Nitrous Oxide
Carbon Agriculture, cars
Dioxide
• Hydrofluorocarbons
84%
Refrigerants, solvents

20. Predicted California Impacts
• Temperature increase of 3.0 – 10.4 °F
• 30-90% loss in Sierra snow pack
• 6-30 inches of Sea level rise
• Up to 100 more days/yr of temps > 90 °F in major urban areas
– 2-10 times as many heat-related deaths
• 25-35% increase in days meteorologically conducive to ozone formation
• Up to 50% increase in number critically dry years
• 3- 20% increase in electricity demand
• 10-35% increase in the risk of large fires
• Significant impacts to Agriculture

21. California GHG Reduction Goals
AB 32: Climate Solutions Act of 2006
• 2010: GHG emissions
at 2000 levels
• 2020: GHG emissions
to 1990 levels
• 2050: GHG emissions
to 80% below 1990
levels

22. No Magic Bullets

23. Individual Actions to Reduce GHGs

24. Method and Means:
• 1. Efficiency First
• 2. Smart Transit and Land Use
• 3. Power Up Locally
• 4. Conserve and Capture

25. #1: Efficiency First
ARUN District Council

26. 1. Efficiency First
• Invest in wide spread energy and water
efficiency to reduce demand.
– Retrofit existing buildings
– Maximize water efficiency homes and businesses
– Mandate green building standards
– Improve efficiency of pumping operations for
water and wastewater

27. Goal: Retrofit homes & businesses to highest
possible efficiency standard

28. #2: Smart Transit & Land Use

29. Goal: Shift from fossil fuels to public transit,
non-emitting cars, bicycling, walking

30. #3: Power Up Locally

31. 3. Power Up Locally
• Invest in renewable energy sources and jobs.
– Conduct a phased rollout of local renewable
energy sources
– Replace natural gas and propane with electric and
solar heat sources
– Incentivize small-scale solar, wind, and hydro
installations

32. 4. Conserve and Capture
• Protect our forests and farmland, sequester
carbon, and convert waste into energy.
– Encourage, incentivize, and mandate carbon
sequestration practices
– Generate energy from agricultural solid waste
– Generate energy from bio gas
– Improve operational efficiency
– Use conservation easements to protect agriculture
and forest land
– Implement the County's Integrated Waste
Management Plan, and collect landfill bio gas

33. WhatWhWhat will it cost to do nothing?

34. AB 32: California Benefits
• Public health benefits of improved air quality
alone will amount to approximately $2.2 billion
• Additional benefits by 2020 include:
– An estimated 400 premature deaths statewide will be
avoided
– Almost 11,000 incidences of asthma and lower
respiratory symptoms will be avoided
– 67,000 work loss days will be avoided
– Reduced risks of coronary heart disease, diabetes,
hypertension and obesity

35. A Role for Everyone
Local Government
∆
Business Community

36. BREAK

37. Moving from planning to implementation

38. identifying good
MODELS
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39. transportation
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41. amsterdam
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42. amsterdam
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43. samso 100% Renewable
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44. samso
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45. New Urbanism- City Planning
Giving Physical Shape to Community
One urban design movement called
New Urbanism is affecting the way
our cities and towns are built.

46. What’s Old in New Urbanism
Since America was founded, many of our
best-loved towns and cities have been
carefully planned.

47. Giving Physical Shape to Community
New urbanist developments are
walkable neighborhoods, rather
than large, single-use places with
streets hostile to pedestrians.

48. Giving Physical Shape to Community
New Urbanism provides a range of
housing choices, from apartments
over storefronts to single-family
homes with yards.

49. The Disposable City
For many years older American cities
were neglected and deteriorating. New
home buyers were almost exclusively
interested in living on the urban fringe.

50. Response to a Problem
Since World War II, cities have been spreading ever-outward. Strip malls,
parking lots, highways, and housing tracts have sprawled over the landscape.

51. Cities Getting With the Program
Nevertheless, many young childless households and older empty nesters appreciate the
advantages of urban living. Up until recently when the housing market tanked - urban
reinvestment was paying off – and some older cities were among America’s hottest real
estate markets.

52. Where it’s needed
New Urbanism can be small projects on individual blocks, like the block on
8th and Pearl in Boulder, Colorado.

53. Where it’s needed
It can also apply to redeveloped neighborhoods like Park DuValle in Louisville, Kentucky.

54. Other Successes
The U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development has taken
New Urbanism to heart with its HOPE
VI program. HOPE VI replaces aging,
alienating housing projects with
townhouses, single-family homes,
and apartments on walkable,
comfortable street grids.

55. Where it may or may not be needed?
New Urbanism includes greenfield projects, also called traditional neighborhood
developments (TNDs). Maryland's Kentlands and Lakelands are among the best-known.

56. Early Efforts
The first new urbanist town to get built from the
ground up was Seaside, on the Florida coast.

57. Early Efforts
Between 1985 and 1993, several more
large-scale projects were undertaken in
America’s fast-growing suburbs.
Kentlands and Laguna West were two of
the best-known and most ambitious efforts.
Laguna West, CA Kentlands, MD

58. Where it’s needed
New Urbanists also take part in regional planning. In New Jersey, a statewide
plan has focused public investment into existing centers, and a statewide design
guideline is helping keep the state’s small towns vibrant.

59. The Region
The region is the overall context for all
planning. That means planning must often
cross traditional jurisdictional lines in
order to create a healthy region.

60. The Region
Towns and cities within a
region should have clear
boundaries, contributing to
a sense of place. The land
between towns should be
preserved as open space—
wilderness or farm-land.
These edges are as important
as the centers to the success
of New Urbanism.

61. The Region
Wilderness, farmland, villages, town edges, town centers, city neighborhoods, and city
centers each have their own building densities, street sizes, and appropriate mixtures of
retail, residential, and other functions.

62. The Neighborhood
The optimal size of a neighborhood is
a quarter-mile from center to edge.
For most people, a quarter mile is a
five-minute walk. For a
neighborhood to feel walkable, many
daily needs should be supplied within
this five-minute walk. That includes
not only homes, but stores,
workplaces, schools, houses of
worship, and recreational areas.

63. The Neighborhood
People within a quarter-mile radius will walk to a
major transit stop. Those who live further from a transit
node are less likely to bother with the train or bus.

64. The Block, Street, and Building
New urbanist streets use
buildings to provide a con-
sistent and understandable
edge and streets are safe,
comfortable, interesting
places for people to walk
and meet.
Buildings open onto
sidewalks, rather than
parking lots. Windows and
doors facing the sidewalk
make streets safer, and more
interesting, for everyone.

65. Progress in the Suburbs
In new suburban developments, new urbanists
are including an ever-wider range of
architectural styles. While many new urbanist
developments have been built with colonial-style
architecture, recent projects include
neighborhoods of contemporary homes and
adobe.

66. Other Successes
Mall redevelopment: Some malls
built in the 1960s, 70s, and even 80s
are underutilized or already failing in
cities and older suburbs. Some are
being converted into real
neighborhoods.

67. Greening California Communities:
Sustainability North and South

68. “Planning is best done in advance”
- Anonymous

69. Built Environment
Topics in the Built Environment:
• Community Development
• Design
• Energy and Green Building
• Mineral Resources
• Housing
• Transportation
• Noise
• Public Facilities and Services
• Planning Areas

70. Greening our Built Environment
• Prevent sprawl – reduce outlying densities
• Require mixed-use in commercial areas
• Housing Overlay Designation – Focus
affordable & workforce housing at infill sites
near jobs, transit & services
• Require Green Building
• Retrofit existing buildings

72. Adapting to Climate Change:
1 Meter Sea Level Rise in Marin?

75. Marinwood Shopping Center
Before:
After:

76. San Quentin Vision Plan
Land Use Plan

77. How do we Green Transportation?

79. GREENING Transportation
How will results be achieved?
• Reduce Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
• Reduce Single Occupancy Automobile Trips
• Support regional rail initiatives, such as
SMART

80. GREENING Transportation
• Prioritize funding for projects that reduce
fossil-fuel use and single-occupancy auto trips
• Provide incentives for using public transit,
carpools, car sharing, bicycles, walking, etc
• Reduce parking requirements for projects
located near transit or thru trip reduction
programs

81. The Redevelopment Plan calls
for:
• nearly 3,400 new homes
(35% of which will be
affordable)
• 1.2 million square feet of
new office, hotel, and
commercial space and
60,000 square feet of retail
• Buildings to be spaced apart
to provide sunlight to
proposed new plazas, parks,
and widened sidewalks

82. Santa Monica, a “Sustainable City”
A sustainable city meets its current
economic, environmental and social needs
without compromising the ability of future
generations to do the same.

83. Santa Monica - Background
Population: 90,000
Land Area: 8.3 sq. mi. (13.4 sq. km.)
Economy: Tourism, Entertainment
and High Tech Industries
Development: Primarily Infill
Development and Remodels

84. Sonoma Mountain
Village
N. America’s
Proposed 1 Planet
Community
• 200.1 Acres
• 1892 Housing Units
• 600,000 Sq. Ft. Commercial

85. Canada
Montreal
UK
London
UK
USA
Brighton
Seattle
China
Portugal Guangzhou
USA Lisbon Panyu
Rohnert Park
U.A.E.
USA
Abu
Washington DC
Dhabi
South Africa Australia
Durbin Adelaide

86. 1.Zero Carbon
2.Zero Waste
3. Sustainable Transport
4. Local & Sustainable Materials
5. Local and Sustainable Food
6. Sustainable Water
7. Natural Habitats and Wildlife
8. Culture and Heritage
9. Equity and Fair Trade
10. Health and Happiness

87. Sonoma Mt. Village -1.14 MW Array – so far…

88. LOCAL & SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
• Manufacture at least 20% of materials on-site
• Buy and additional 40% of materials within 500 miles
– Create Standard Specifications
– Healthy Materials Standard
– Track Embodied Carbon in Materials and Activities

89. Codding Steel Frame Technologies
• On site manufacturing facility
• Local jobs
• Recycled steel
– 8 recycled cars or 40 trees
• Solar powered

90. Vegetated
Bio-Swale
Portland Stormwater Management Manual
Conservation Design Forum Inc.

91. Closing the Loop
• Rainwater harvesting and recycling
• Greywater harvesting and recycling
Michelle Kaufman MKLotus
House

92. Local Government
Green Building Ordinances in
California

93. California Communities with Enacted
Mandatory Green Building Ordinances
Example Effective Date Example Effective Date
Albany July 2007 Rohnert Park July 2007
Brisbane January 2008 San Francisco August 2008
Calabasas February 2004 San Jose Ord. Pending
Cotati January 2008 San Rafael August 2007
Culver City March 2008 San Mateo (Co.) March 2008
Livermore January 2008 Santa Barbara March 2008
Long Beach Ord. Pending Santa Cruz January 2007
Los Altos December 2007 Santa Monica May 2008
Los Angeles May 2008 Santa Rosa June 2008
Novato October 2005 Sebastopol March 2005
Palm Desert February 2007 Marin (Co.) June 2008
Palo Alto July 2008 Windsor June 2007
Pasadena May 2008 West Hollywood October 2007
Pleasanton January 2003

94. Drought – or is the climate changing?
• Australia, China, Argentina – all
have serious droughts
• Australia, the driest inhabited
continent on earth may be
permanently going from arid
sub-tropical to desertification
• First to see decadal drought
– South is in an unprecedented
12-year drought
– Murray-Darling river system
now fails to reach the sea 40%
of the time
– Harvests have fallen sharply

95. Melbourne
• Electricity Substation
Explosion:
– Half million homes
and businesses were
blacked out
– Patients turned away
from hospitals
– Trees: dropping
leaves
– Residents at nursing
homes: putting
clothes in freezer

96. It’s Up To US to Get to Work