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T213 walton managing land for common good testimonianza 15-11-2014
- 1. Managing land for the common good – a U.K. perspective Gestione sostenibile dei beni comuni e rigenerazione territoriale - esperienze nel Regno Unito Mark Walton November / Novembre 2014
- 2. Agenda • UK context • Shared Assets – about our approach – Social enterprise management – Commons governance – Creative engagement • Examples & case studies – Woodland / Farming / Public open space • Business models – Capital / Revenue
- 4. Shared Assets We support community management of woodlands, waterways, green spaces and coastal areas. We help landowners and community enterprises work together to transform under managed land into productive community spaces.
- 5. UK context: political & financial • Smaller government • Austerity • Selling of public assets (buildings & land) • Localism • Devolution • Community rights – Community Right to Bid – Community Right to Challenge – Neighbourhood Planning
- 6. UK context: demand • Increasing demand for land • Groups and use of land often informal • A range: – Traditional “friends of groups” – Enterprising, values-driven groups – People wanting to meet their own needs – Unorthodox groups • Alternative currencies • Cooperative and ‘commons’ approaches
- 10. Commons based governance Commons = resource + community + social rules • Clearly defined boundaries • Rules adapted to local conditions • Those using the resource participate in decision-making • Effective, accountable • Sanctions for those who violate community rules • Cheap and easy to access conflict resolution
- 13. Opportunities Under managed liabilities Productive assets Employment Training Improved environment Reinvestment Renewable resources Community engagement Social connections
- 14. Challenges Contested spaces Privatisation of public assets Commercialisation of nature Creating successful business models
- 15. Examples & Case Studies • Woodland management • Food and farming • Parks and open spaces
- 17. Woodland management • Woodland is largest single state-owned landholding • Managed by the Forestry Commission • In England: – 258,000 ha – 2% of the land area – 18% of all woodland – 1500 sites
- 18. Woodland management • 2010 Government attempted to sell of a large part of the public forest estate
- 19. Woodland social enterprise • 60 woodland social enterprises in England (2013) • 41 (68%) formed since 2010 • Small organisations < 5 staff < 250 ha woodland < €65,000 / year turnover • Insecure tenure > 50% have an informal agreement with owner < 30% own the land they work on • Wide range of activities - education / health / creating products / woodfuel etc
- 20. Hill Holt Wood, Newark • 2 sites (30 ha) / 20 staff • Owned by the organisation • €1.2M / year turnover • Services: – Training & education – Conferences / weddings etc – Green space management – Sustainable architecture – Wood products
- 21. Chiltern Rangers, High Wycombe • 14 sites (3-16 ha) / 2 staff • Owned by the local authority • Organisation ‘spun out’ of the local authority Woodland Service • €240,000 / year turnover • Services: – Training and education – Woodland management off site – Corporate team building activities
- 23. Food and farming • Community food sector in the UK has a combined annual turnover of > €90M (2012 research) – Mainly from retail - community shops and markets – Only about €4.2M from farms / producers • Small organisations – Median turnover €18,000 / year • Over 60% established in 3 years prior to 2012 • About 60% have paid staff – Making Local Food Work - €10.2M support programme 2007-2012
- 24. Organic Lea, London • Started as an allotment site and market stall in 2001 • Cropshare scheme enables growers to sell surplus produce • 2010 secured 10 year lease on disused local authority plant nursery with glasshouses • Provide training, sell produce, seeking more land for new growers, establishing cooperative marketing
- 25. Bosavern Farm, Cornwall • 13 ha farm / 2 staff • Purchased in 2014 from local authority • Sell produce • Hold community events • Developing farm buildings for education and economic development
- 26. Ecological Land Coop • Purchase agricultural land • Secure planning permission • Sell sites to sustainable growers • Can sell a site with planning permission for €86,000 – Similar smallholding with a house can cost up to €600,00 – Typical annual net profit for organic smallholders is €17,000 • Leases prevent sale for profit
- 28. Parks and public open spaces • Under investment and decline in parks 1980s & 90s • Investment of €840M from 2000-10 – mainly capital • Current cuts to public finances risk new decline • Few existing examples but a lot of interest in developing new models – NESTA – Rethinking Parks – 11 projects over 2 years – Cabinet Office – Delivering Differently
- 29. Heeley Park, Sheffield • Community organisation established in 1996 to create new public park on derelict land • 3.5 ha • Land owned by local authority - 125 year lease • Raised €1.2M since 1997 • Income from events and activities • Exploring potential for membership / subscription income
- 30. Bloomsbury, London • 9 squares in central London • Managed by local authority • Cost of maintenance €550,000 / year • Exploring potential to create new income from: - a levy on local businesses / residents - events - voluntary donation • 2% levy on business rates would raise > €1M / year • Potential for new ‘area wide’ governance arrangements
- 31. Kirklees, Yorkshire • New developments create new open spaces • Either: - developers provide one-off payment to Council, or - residents pay a ‘ground-rent’ that pays for a private contractor • Exploring potential for new social enterprise to manage new open spaces
- 32. Mile End Park, London • Regenerated area of East London • Income earning assets built into the park • Generates 50% of annual budget from buildings within the park
- 33. Business models Capital / set up •Grants •Crowdfunding •Community Shares •Membership / subscriptions •Loans (commercial banks or social investment)
- 34. Business models Revenue / day to day •Community supported / cropshares •Sale of goods •Sale of services – Health / Education •Diversification – Renewable energy / Tourism •Capturing value – Local levies / Ground rents •Balancing assets – Buildings / other sites that will generate income
- 35. Business models Reducing costs •Volunteers – community and corporate •Reducing costs of land / housing •Cooperative / collaborative approaches – Marketing – Distribution – Equipment
- 36. • Local context – What is different? – What is the same?
- 37. • Existing activity – What is already happening? – Who, what, where?
- 38. • What are the local opportunities for the development of land based social enterprise? • What are the challenges / barriers?
- 39. • What actions are needed to enable something to develop? – Short, medium & long term?
- 40. • What resources are available? – People, money, skills & knowledge, land
- 41. Contact Mark Walton mark@sharedassets.org.uk @shared_assets www.sharedassets.org.uk
Notas do Editor
- This is a new agenda There are more questions than answers! Sharing our experience and learning from yours Want to understand the similarities and differences between the UK and Italy Interested in identifying opportunities for action locally, and also for collaboration in the future
- Social enterprise 2.5 years trading Advocate for new approaches to the ownership and management of land Carry out research. Support practice – landowners and communities Focus on approaches that create livelihoods and deliver social benefits
- traditional “friends of groups” &gt; maybe responding to a threat or an opportunity, to budget cuts. Often being put in a difficult position. People who are engaged in a park, or a woodland because it is local to them and they value the amenity. Something they do in their spare time. Often older More ideological groups &gt; eg transition groups. Motivated by wider concerns – engaging in land as a practical solution to more global issues rather than (or as well as) a particular attachment to a particular site. Still often a spare time pursuit, but maybe with an aim to create employment for others if not themselves people wanting to meet their own needs &gt; aiming to create a livelihood (or part of one) for themselves – often co-ops. Coppicing or food growing co-ops, groups of people creating their own housing situations: boaters, housing coops, co housing etc Unorthodox groups &gt; those motivated by the bigger picture and willing to take things into their own hands; Some egs include squatters with a wider social purpose – people influenced by occupy; often more comfortable with some legal grey areas, and physically “taking action” themeslves.
- Creating livelihoods / local economies Creating social benefits Renewables resources Reinvesting in the environment
- Multi-stakeholder governance Neither market nor state Traditional commons – enclosures from 16thC-19thC 17thC – Levellers - Winstanley&apos;s writings which envisioned an ecological interrelationship between humans and nature, acknowledging the inherent connections between people and their surroundings 21st century commons