INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
PREPARED BY :
Jona Dolorosa
Amefel P. Sarmiento
Gena Mae C. Tominez
Cyndee Ruth Pendon
Claudin Lee Septin
Kathlyn Sombrea
Johaira Marohom

INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
-Is the organ system that protects the body
from various kinds of damages such as loss
of water or abrasion from outside.
-this contain skin and its appendages
( including hair, scales, feathers,
hooves, and nails

FUNCTIONS:
- it may serve to waterproof, cusion and protect
the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate
temperature.
- attachment site for sensory receptors to detect
pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature.

The Skin has an important job of protecting the
body and acts as the body’s first line of defense
against infection, temperature change, and other
challenges to homeostasis.
The upper layer of the skin is full of keratin, and
cornified or hardened in order to prevent water
loss from the body surface.

Structure of the skin
The skin is composed of two kinds of tissue. The
outer epidermis, is made up of stratified
squamous epithelium that is capable of keratizing
or becoming hard and tough.
The underlying dermis, is mostly made up of
dense connective tissue.
Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis, it is deep to
dermis which is essentially is adipose tissue.

The epidermis is composed of up to five zones or layers
called strata.
Keratinocytes, produce keratin that fibrous protein that
makes epidermis a tough protective layer. The deepest
layer of the epidermis is the stratum basale, lies closest
to the dermis contains epidermal cells that receive the
most adequate nourishment via diffusion of the nutrients
from the dermis.
Stratum corneum, the outer most layer thick of 20-30
layers.
Melanin, a pigment that ranges in color from yellow to
brown to black, is produced by special cells called
melanocytes, found in stratum basale.

The dermis is your hide. It is strong, stretchy envelope that
helps to hold the body together.
Dense major regions :
 Papillary layer – the uppermost dermal region.
 Reticular layer – deepest skin layer, consist of blood
vessels, sweat and oil glands and deep pressure receptors called
pacinian.

Three pigments contribute to skin color:
1. The amount and kind ( yellow, reddish brown, or black ) of
melanin in the epidermis.
2. The amount of carotene deposited in the stratum corneum
and subcutaneous tissue.
3. The amount of oxygen- rich hemoglobin in the dermal
blood vessels.
Skin color signal certain disease states :
 Redness or erythema : reddened skin may indicate
embarassment (blushing ), fever, hypertension,
inflammation, or allergy.

 Pallor or blanching : Under certain types of emotional stress
( fear, anger, and others), some people become pale. Pale skin may
also signify anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow
into the area.
>Jaundice or a yellow cast: An abnormal yellow skin tone usually
signifies liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are absorbed
into the blood, circulated throughout the body, and deposited in
the body tissues.
> Bruises or black –and-blue marks : black and blue marks reveal
sites where blood has escaped from the circulation and has clotted
in the tissue spaces.

Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands release their
secretions to the skin surface via ducts.
Fall in two groups :
Sebaceous glands or oil glands, found all over the skin on the
palms of the hands. Sebum, product of sebaceous glands.
Sweat glands also called as sudoriferous , widely distributed
in the skin. Apocrine glands, largely confined to the auxillary
and genital areas of the body.

A hair that produce by a hair follicle is a flexible
epithelelial structure. That hair enclosed in the follicle
is a root. The part that projecting from the surface of
the scalp or a skin is called the shaft.
Hair follicles- are actually compound structure. The
inner epidermal shealth is composed of epithelial
tissue and forms a hair. The outer dermal shealth is
actually dermal connective tissue.

The arrector pili muscles are small muscles
attached to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction
of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end
- known colloquially as goose bumps.

Is a scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds
to the hoof of claw of other animals. Each nail has a free edge,
a body and a root.
Nail folds,borders of the nail that are overlapped by skin
folds.
Cuticle, the thick proximal nail fold.
Nail bed, stratum basale of the epidermis that extends
beneath the nail.
Nail matrix, the thickened proximal area, responsible for nail
growth.
Lunula, thickened nail matrix appear as a white crescent.

 FUNCTIONS:
>Protect the body’s internal living tissues and organs.
>Protect against invasion by infectious organisms
>Protect the body from dehydration.
>Protect the body against abrupt changes in temperature,
maintain homeostasis.
>Help excrete waste materials through perspiration.
>Act as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold.
>Protect the body against sunburns by secreting melanin.
>Generate vitamin D through exposure to ultraviolet light.
>Store the water, fat, glucose,and vitamin D.
>Maintenance of the body form.
>Formation of new cells from stratum germinativum to repair
minor injuries.

POSSIBLE DISEASE AND INJURIES
- Rash
- Blister
- Athletes foot
-Infection
-Sunburn
- Skin cancer
-Albinism
-Acne
-Herpes
- Cold sores
-Impetigo
- Rubella
- Cancer
-Psoriasis

Acne

Albinism

Blister

Herpes

Rashes

Impetigo

Psoriasis

Rubella

Skin Cancer

Sun burn

Symptoms :
Rubella: a red rash, usually starting on
the head and neck. The rash doesn't appear
until 14 to 21 days after infection, with most
people developing their rash on Day 17 or
Day 18 after exposure.

Signs of Impetigo:
small fluid-filled spots that are about 1 to 2cm in
diameter.
be itchy and may cause swelling in your lymph
nodes (glands throughout your body that are part
of your immune system) near the affected area.

Signs of Herpes:
Tingling, itching, or burning: Before the blisters
appear, the skin may tingle, itch, or burn for a day
or so.

Symptoms ofAlbinism:
· Skin problems, including:
Little or no pigmentation (resulting in extremely
light or white skin)
Patches of low pigmentation (resulting in patches
of extremely light or white skin)
Extreme sensitivity to Sunburn
Very high susceptibility to skin cancer.

· Hair problems, including:
White hair
Portions of the hair (often the forelock)
being white