Rough sample project for class 12 on poverty its only rough project it will give 90% hint to all who use this project highly recommended for school project

2. index
• Acknowledgment
• Introduction
• Type of Poverty
• Categories of Poverty
• Poverty line
• Poverty in world
• Poverty in India
• Effects on poverty
• Causes of poverty
• Poverty alleviation programmes

3. Acknowledgment
• I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher (Name of the teacher) as
well as our principal (Name of the principal)who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic (Write the topic
name), which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and i came to know about so many new
things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

5. Intro
• Poverty is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs.
Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements.
• Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic
personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter. The threshold at
which absolute poverty is defined is always about the same, independent of the
person's permanent location or era.
• On the other hand, relative poverty occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum
level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place.
Therefore, the threshold at which relative poverty is defined varies from one
country to another, or from one society to another.
• Poverty is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's
needs. Poverty may include social, economic, and political elements.
• Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic
personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter. The threshold at
which absolute poverty is defined is always about the same, independent of the
person's permanent location or era.
• On the other hand, relative poverty occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum
level of living standards, compared to others in the same time and place.
Therefore, the threshold at which relative poverty is defined varies from one
country to another, or from one society to another.

6. Type of Poverty
• Absolute poverty: Also known as extreme poverty or abject poverty, it involves
the scarcity of basic food, clean water, health, shelter, education and information.
Those who belong to absolute poverty tend to struggle to live and experience a lot
of child deaths from preventable diseases like malaria, cholera and water-
contamination related diseases. Absolute Poverty is usually uncommon in
developed countries.
2. Relative Poverty: It is defined from the social perspective that is living standard
compared to the economic standards of population living in surroundings. Hence it
is a measure of income inequality. For example, a family can be considered poor if
it cannot afford vacations, or cannot buy presents for children at Christmas, or
cannot send its young to the university.
3. Situational Poverty: It is a temporary type of poverty based on occurrence of an
adverse event like environmental disaster, job loss and severe health problem.
People can help themselves even with a small assistance, as the poverty comes
because of unfortunate event.
4. Generational Poverty: It is handed over to individual and families from one
generation to the one. This is more complicated as there is no escape because the
people are trapped in its cause and unable to access the tools required to get out
of it.

7. • 5. Rural Poverty: It occurs in rural areas with population below 50,000. It is the
area where there are less job opportunities, less access to services, less support
for disabilities and quality education opportunities. People are tending to live
mostly on the farming and other menial work available to the surroundings.
6. Urban Poverty: It occurs in the metropolitan areas with population over 50,000.
• Limited access to health and education.
• Inadequate housing and services.
• Violent and unhealthy environment because of overcrowding.
• Little or no social protection mechanism

9. Categories of Poverty
• Churning poor
• Transient poor
• Non poor

11. Poverty line
Poverty line is usually calculated by finding the total cost of all the essential resources that an
average human adult consumes in one year.[2] The largest of these expenses is typically the
rent required for accommodation, so historically, economists have paid particular attention
to the real estate market and housing prices as a strong poverty line affect

13. Poverty in world
• The world is making huge strides in overcoming global poverty. Since 1990, a quarter of the
world has risen out of extreme poverty. Now, less than 10% of the world lives in extreme
poverty, surviving on $1.90 a day or less.
• When families move out of poverty, children’s health and well-being improve. Since 1990, the
number of children dying — mostly from preventable causes such as poverty, hunger, and
disease — is less than half of what it was, dropping from more than 35,000 a day to under
15,000.
• The world is making huge strides in overcoming global poverty. Since 1990, a quarter of the
world has risen out of extreme poverty. Now, less than 10% of the world lives in extreme
poverty, surviving on $1.90 a day or less.
• When families move out of poverty, children’s health and well-being improve. Since 1990, the
number of children dying — mostly from preventable causes such as poverty, hunger, and
disease — is less than half of what it was, dropping from more than 35,000 a day to under
15,000.
• Recent estimates for global poverty are that 8.6% of the world, or 736 million people, live in
extreme poverty on $1.90 or less a day, according to the World Bank.
• In the United States, 12.3% of the population, or 39.7 million people, live in poverty — with
an income of less than $33.26 per day — according to the 2017 census.
• These numbers are calculated based on income and a person’s ability to meet basic needs.

15. Poverty in India
• As India is one of the fastest-growing economies in 2018,
poverty is on the decline in the country, with close to 44
Indians escaping extreme poverty every minute, as per
the World Poverty Clock. India has been able to lift a
significant percentage of its population out of poverty, but
many still live in it. India had 73 million people living
in extreme poverty which makes up 5.5% of its total
population, according to the Brookings report. In May 2012,
the World Bank reviewed and proposed revisions to their
poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power
parity basis for measuring poverty worldwide. It was a
minimal 3.6% in terms of percentage. As of 2020, the
incidence of multidimensional poverty has significantly
reduced, declining from 54.7 percent to 6 percent.

16. Effects on poverty
children

17. Women
Women
sanitation

18. Education

19. Causes of poverty
• Exploitation under British rule
• Fragmentation of land holdings
• Unemployment
• Indebtness
• Inflation
• Unequal distribution of wealth

20. Poverty alleviation programmes
• Growth oriented approach
• The first one is growth oriented approach. It is based on the
expectation that the effects of economic growth rapid
increase in gross domestic product and per capita income
would spread to all sections of society
• Poverty alleviation programmes
 REGP(Rural Employment Generation Programme):The first programme
aims at creating self-employment opportunities in urban areas.
 PMRY (Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana):The educated unemployed
from low-income families in rural and urban areas can get financial
help to set up any kind of enterprise
 SJSRY (Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana):aims at creating
employment opportunities both self employment and wage
employment in urban areas.

21. • Providing basic amenities through public
expenditure: The third approach to addressing poverty is to
provide minimum basic amenities to the people.. Three major
programmes that aim at improving the food and nutritional status
of the poor are Public Distribution System, Integrated Child
Development Scheme and Midday Meal Scheme. Pradhan Mantri
Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, Valmiki
Ambedkar Awas Yojana Three major programmes that aim at
improving the food and nutritional status of the poor are Public
Distribution System, Integrated Child Development Scheme and
Midday Meal Scheme. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan
Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana