this is a ppt dealing with living in environment threatning because of human interference.

2. EXTINCT & ENDANGERED
SPECIES

3. What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. It is a measure of
the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This
can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation,
or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome,
or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near
the equator, which seems to be the result of the
warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not
distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics.
Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the
Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and
in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal
gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to
cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but
will be likely to slow in the future.

4. But Why Is It Important
To Talk About
Biodiversity

5. Biodiversity is important since it provides us with raw materials that we use
to make products such as clothes, shoes and paper. We humans live in an
environment filled with biodiversity. Our each and every activity affects us as
well as our environment. Some may be useful and other may be adverse.
Although we use many natural products and
materials in our daily lives, we also use many
human-made chemical cleaners, fertilizers, bug
spray, pesticides, and many others. Even though we
use them to help us, they have many side
effects. Toxins and pollutants are very harmful to
biodiversity. The chemicals that we use end up in our
waterways. Plants and animals are killed by oil
spills. Wildlife gets caught in plastic trash.
What affects Biodiversity?

6. Humans affect their surroundings through their activities in many
ways.
Some major human activities about which we will discuss
in detail, are:-
 Deforestation
 Pollution [Air, Water & Soil]
 Dam Construction
Industries
 Mining [and]
 Uncontrolled Resource Extraction
Human Activities

7. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in
order to make the land available for other uses. An estimated 18
million acres (7.3 million hectares) of forest — roughly the size of
Panama — are lost each year, according to the United Nations'
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Deforestation is considered to be one of the contributing
factors to global climate change. Trees absorb greenhouse gases
and carbon emissions. They produce oxygen and perpetuate the
water cycle by releasing water vapor into the atmosphere.
Without trees, forest lands can quickly become barren land.
Deforestation

8. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the
form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or
light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign
substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
Air pollution:- The release of chemicals and
particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants
include Carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
and Nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles.
Photochemical Ozone and Smog are created as Nitrogen oxides
and Hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is
characterized by their micrometre size PM10 to PM2.5.
Pollution

9. Water pollution, by the discharge of waste water from commercial
and industrial waste (intentionally or through spills) into surface
waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical
contaminants, such as chlorine, from treated sewage; release of
waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters
(including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain
chemical fertilizers and pesticides); waste disposal and leaching
into groundwater; eutrophication and littering.
Soil contamination or pollution occurs when chemicals are
released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant
soil contaminants are Hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides,
pesticides and chlorinated Hydrocarbons.

10. When a dam is constructed, be it for hydropower
or water supply, the destruction is highly visible.
But the environmental impacts of a dam stretch
much further downstream than the location of
the actual dam site.
 Dams block migratory fish species from their spawning and feeding
sites.
 Dams disturb natural fluctuations in water flow. This can be
particularly damaging in seasonal floodplains, affecting deposits of nutrients as
well as the lifecycles of species that depend on these fluctions for feeding and
breeding grounds. Dams change daily flows by releasing water as a reaction
to human demands, like energy and irrigation, instead of as nature intended.
 Water quality can be degraded Reductions in water quantities can
increase salinity and make the water unusable for drinking and irrigation.
Decomposition of organic matter and the leaching of mercury from the soil can
Dam Construction

11.  The transport of sediment along the river is disrupted. This affects
the morphology* of the riverbed, downstream floodplains, and even
coastal deltas. In turn, this can increase flood risk
 Reservoirs can emit climate-changing greenhouse gases.
Particularly in tropical areas, the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and
methane as flooded trees and plants decompose is a serious cause
for concern that needs more investigation.
 Dams destroy the nearby vegetation completely. Dams require
very large piece of land for their construction. Therefore large area is
cleared.
Morphology*- Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the
form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This
includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, colour, pattern)
as well as the form and structure of the internal parts like bones and organs.
(In this text morphology deals with river)

12. 1. It leads to the depletion of natural resources.
2. It leads to air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.
3. Global warming, climatic changes are the major
consequences of industrialization.
4. It causes acid rain.
5. It leads to the degradation of land quality.
6. It leads to the generation of hazardous waste whose safe
disposal become a big problem.
7. These industries are responsible for the adverse diseases
and ill effect like silicosis and pneumoconiosis,
tuberculosis, skin diseases and deafness.
Industries

13. 1. Metallic contaminant like Cd, Zn, Hg, etc., destroy
bacteria and beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
2. Industrial wastes including toxins enter in the food
chain causes number of undesirable effects to living
beings and animals.
3. Industrial effluent damages the natural biological
purification mechanism of sewage treatment
causing several soil and water borne diseases.
4. Radioactive industrial pollutant cause undesirable
disease when food containing radio-nuclides is taken
by man.
ILL Effects of Industries:

14. Adverse effect of mining includes erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss
of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater, surface
water by chemicals from mining processes. In some cases,
additional forest logging is done in the vicinity of mines to
increase the available room for the storage of the created debris and
soil. Besides creating environmental damage, the contamination
resulting from leakage of chemicals also affect the health of the
local population. Mining companies in some countries are required
to follow environmental and rehabilitation codes, ensuring the area
mined is returned to close to its original state. Some mining
methods may have significant environmental and public health
effects.
Mining

15. The exploitation of natural resources started to emerge in the
19th century as natural resource extraction developed. During the
20th century, energy consumption rapidly increased. Today, about
80% of the world’s energy consumption is sustained by the extraction
of fossil fuels, which consists of oil, coal and gas. Another non-
renewable resource that is exploited by humans are Subsoil
minerals such as precious metals that are mainly used in the
production of industrial commodities. Intensive agriculture is an
example of a mode of production that hinders many aspects of
the natural environment, for example the degradation of forests in
a terrestrial ecosystem and water pollution in an aquatic ecosystem.
As the world population rises and economic growth occurs, the
depletion of natural resources influenced by the unsustainable
extraction of raw materials becomes an increasing concern.
Uncontrolled Resource Extraction

16. • As a result of all this, many species are
becoming extinct. Oxygen level is decreasing
day by day.
• It is now very dangerous to collect water
from many rivers because of water pollution.
• Consumption of food grown in
contaminated soil is a great threat to living
being.
• There are many more affects.
Affects of these activities

17. http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com
www.wikipedia.org
And many other
(Internet)
Content Sources:-

18. A Science Presentation By-
Kushagra Garg
Ixth ‘E’
Delhi Public School,
Gwalior